Module Content Quarter 1 - Module 1

QUARTER 1 - MODULE 1
MODULE CONTENT
QUALIFICATION : Computer Systems Servicing NC II

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : APPLY QUALITY STANDARDS
MODULE TITLE : APPLYING QUALITY STANDARDS
NOMINAL DURATION : 12 hours
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This module covers the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to apply quality standards
in the workplace. The unit also includes the application of relevant safety procedures and regulations,
organization procedures and customer requirements.
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
LO 1 Assess Quality of Received Materials
 Obtain work instruction in accordance with standard operating procedures
 Check the receive material against workplace standards and specifications
 Identify and isolate faulty material related to work
 Record and/ or report defects and any identified causes to the supervisor concerned in
accordance with workplace procedures
 Replace faulty materials in accordance with workplace procedures
LO 2 Assess own Work
 Identify and use documentation relative to quality within the prescribe standard
 Check completed work against workplace standard relevant to the task undertaken
 Identify and isolate errors
 Record information on the quality and other indicators of production performance in accordance
with workplace procedures
 Document and report cases of deviations from specific quality standards in accordance with
workplace procedures
LO 3 Engage in quality improvement
 Participate process improvement procedures in relative to workplace assignment
 Carry out work in accordance with the process improvement procedures
 Monitor performance of operation or quality of product of service to ensure customer satisfaction
CONDITIONS:
Learners must be provided with the following:
 Materials
 software and hardware to be used in a real or simulated situation
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Definition of Terms
LO 1 Assess Quality of Received Materials Read and understand the information sheet
 Read Information Sheet 1.1 provided and browse to internet for more
 Read Information Sheet 1.2 sample guide. Check yourself by answering
 Answer Self-Check 1.1 the self-check, activity sheet and by
 Answer Activity Sheet 1.1 performing the operation sheet. You must
LO 2 Assess own Work complete all the requirements before
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PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ANYTHING IN THIS MODULE
 Read Information Sheet 2.1 proceeding to the next activity.
 Read Information Sheet 2.2
 Answer Self-Check 2.1
 Answer Operation Sheet 2.1
LO 3 Engage in quality improvement
 Answer Activity Sheet 2.1
Definition of Terms
Checklist - help organize data by category

Durability - enduring; resisting wear
Flowchart - describes process in as much detail as possible by graphically displaying the steps in proper
sequence
Hardware - refers to the electronic and mechanical components that make up a computer system.
Hazards - a risk; danger
Histogram - plots data in a frequency distribution table
Hostile - being an enemy; unfriendly
ISO - International Standardization Organization
OHS - Occupational Health and Safety procedures
Pareto diagram - puts data in a hierarchical order which allows the significant problems to be connected
first.
PPE - personal protective equipment
Quality - essential character nature; degree or grade of excellence
Scatter diagram - shows how two variables are related and is this used to test for cause and effect
relationships.
Standards - as one serving the emblem of a nation; something as accepted as a basis for comparison
Lesson 1 Assessing quality of received materials
What Do You Need To Know?
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Identify faulty materials related to work
2. Recognize the quality of material
3. Check the quality of an items
Introduction
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Information Sheet 1.1
Characteristics of Materials Used in Specific Projects
The student must relate material properties to product and process quality. These are the factors
that must be taken into consideration when choosing the right material for their components and
assemblies:
1. Selection of material
Material selection is one of the most common tasks for design
engineering. The ability to assess the material’s impact on the performance of
a product is crucial for reliable performance. Sometimes, buyers are also
considering the label or name of the company which are producing great
quality of materials and are known in the market. Examples are the name HP
for printer and Intel for some computer hardware.
2. Testing of material
The testing of material properties is widely understood to be the key to obtaining data for a
project, performing failure analysis, or understanding material interactions. Material testing also provides
information on the quality of incoming and outgoing products. Inspection test equipment and techniques
are demonstrated for a wide range of materials and assemblies during the class. This provides the
participants with both knowledge of the common failure modes.
3. Cost of material
The cost of material is also considered when buying or selecting materials for a specific project.
The amount may vary but never taken for granted the quality and the reliability of the material. Will you
buy material which is less expensive but worst quality? Will you buy material which you cannot afford?
People look for places which can meet their standards and right cost for materials to buy.
Characteristic of common materials for increased security is also a great factor in the design and planning
process. Evaluation of longevity criteria and assessment of site environmental factors are vital to project
planning.
Specific knowledge about the project and general common sense must dictate design and material
selection. Although many materials can offer enhanced protection, often the most cost-efficient and
readily available material that provides reasonable life expectancy for the project must be considered.
Before planning and designing takes place, you should evaluate the material options and system
requirements. Teachers should add several useful reference manuals to their libraries such as
installation of hardware, networking, troubleshooting as well as basic PC Operation and Internet for
additional information that the students may use in their projects.
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The characteristic of the materials to be used for specific project must be:
 of good quality
This is the most important factor when choosing materials to buy. Products with good quality are
long-lasting and safe to use because you know that it follows certain standards before being
commercialized.
 reliable
It means that you can be sure that it will perform its function well, will operate safely and will give
the best it could give.
 suitable for the application/purposes

Choose the materials which are very necessary to make the project possible. Making a list of
products/materials to buy is a good trait of a wise consumer. Products which are not to be used
must be crossed out.
 low cost
It doesn’t mean that you will choose for the less expensive one and exclude
the quality. Low cost means you can afford to buy the materials without
hurting your pocket and assure of better quality.
Fault Identification and Reporting
These are the things to be considered when:
A. Receiving Materials:
1. Match the packing slip to the items received and ensures that the materials are destined on tour
department.
2. That you are receiving the materials indicated on the purchase order with regard to quantity and
discount.
3. That the materials are in acceptable condition.
4. That terms regarding installation and/or set-up of equipment are met.
B. Receiving Reports
Whenever goods are received:
1. The person receiving the goods must document, using the

administrative software, that all goods were received for each
requisition before any payment can be made to the vendor.
2. Any exceptions must be noted so that partial payments can be

processed or defective goods can be returned.
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C. Return of Merchandise
When merchandise is received which is incomplete or defective, the supervisor will return the
materials to the supplier or to the store where it was bought and make arrangements with the vendor for
replacement.
D. Make an Inventory Report of the Materials
All materials received must be listed and be reported to monitor how many materials are already
on hand, purchased or damaged.
Effective management checks are an important means of providing assurance of the integrity and
security of the benefit processes. They are also useful in identifying training needs; indicating possible
weaknesses in procedure and ensuring the section meets its accuracy target set for Best Value
Performance Indicators purposes.
Methodology
The teacher will be the assessor. Students will be randomly assigned that will:
1.) act as Quality Checker;
2.) responsible for monitoring and coordinating the checking arrangements and;
3.) must generate reports when receiving the equipment’s.
The Quality checker will record the date of receipt, name of the materials purchased, quantity,
official receipt number, signature of the person who bought the materials and signed his name
afterwards. The Quality checker will identify if the materials are in good condition or damage and /or
needing for replacements. This will also be recorded on his report.
Feedback
Once the Quality checker has completed all the reports, the assessor will check if the Quality
Checker provides all the data needed in the report.
Example of Log Report (to be completed by the Quality checker)
Date Item Quality

O.R. # Quantity Signature
Received Name Checker

Example of Assessment of Materials Received (to be completed by the Quality checker)
Quality Checker: Date:
Item Name Total no. in Total no. Comments
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Good Condition of Errors
How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 1.1
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS
Direction: Read each statement or question below carefully and fill in the blank(s) with the correct
answer. Answers may be more than one word. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. __________ is one of the most common tasks for design engineering. The ability to assess the
material’s impact on the performance of a product is crucial for reliable performance.
2. The __________ properties are widely understood to be the key to obtaining data for a project,
performing failure analysis, or understanding material interactions.
3. The __________ is also considered when buying or selecting materials for a specific project.
4. When merchandise is received which is incomplete or defective, the supervisor will _________
the materials to the supplier or to the store where it was bought and make arrangements with the
vendor for replacement.
5. All materials received must be listed and be __________ to monitor how many materials are
already on hand, purchased or damaged.
B.ENUMERATION
Direction: Enumerate the following. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering.
1. Give three factors to be considered when choosing the right material?

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
2. Give three characteristic of materials to be used for specific project?

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
3. Give four things to be considered when receiving materials?

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
_____________________________________________
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How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?
Show that you learned something by doing this activity.
Activity Sheet 1.1
Directions: You are assigned to be the Quality checker for the Month of August. Make a Log Report,
and Assessment Report using the following data below. Make sure you will record all the items listed and
if they were in good condition or not. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
1.
- August 9, 2020
- 5 Hard disk, 2 128MB SDRAM memory chips
- Received from Jun Salcedo (PC chain), OR #20256
- Found out that 1 Hard disk has error need for replacement
2.
- August 15, 2020
- Refill ink cartridge from STARINK Shop, OR# 5623
3.
- August 20, 2020
- 10 PS/2 keyboard, 10 Optic mouse, 2 power supply
- Received from Allan Rivera (Octagon), OR#12544
- 3 defective keyboard need replacement
4.
- August 28, 2020
- 2 CD-ROM drive
- Received from Jun Salcedo (PC Chain), OR#20400
Lesson 2 Assessing own work
1. Identify the quantity and quality of work
2. Recognize the set of written instructions in Workplace Procedure
3. Conduct a Simulation on Production Process and Customer Service
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Introduction
This unit covers the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to apply quality standards in
the workplace. The unit also includes the application of relevant safety procedures and regulations,
Workplace Procedure
Workplace Procedure is a set of written instructions that identifies the

health and safety issues that may arise from the jobs and tasks that make up a
system of work.
A safe working procedure should be written when:
 designing a new job or task

 changing a job or task
 introducing new equipment
 reviewing a procedure when problems have been identified, example from an accident or incident
investigation
The safe working procedure should identify:
 the teacher for the task or job and the students who will undertake the task
 the tasks that are to be undertaken that pose risks
 the equipment to be used in these tasks
 the control measures that have been formulated for these tasks
 any training or qualification needed to undertake the task
 the personal protective equipment to be worn
 action to be undertaken to address safety issues that may arise while undertaking the task
Following certain procedures is very important to perform a given operation. The table below
shows different elements and their corresponding performance criteria to be able to identify occupational
health and safety hazards,
and assess risk, as well as follow instructions and procedure in the workplace with minimal supervision.
The students will also be capable of participating and contributing to OHS management issues.
ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

1. Identify hazards and 1.1 Identify hazards in the work area and during the performance of
assess risk. workplace duties.
1.2 Assess level of risk
2. Follow procedures and 2.1 Report hazards in the work area to designated personnel
strategies for risk according to workplace procedures
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control. 2.2 Follow workplace procedures and work instructions for
assessing and controlling risks with minimal supervision.
2.3 Whenever necessary, within the scope of responsibilities and competenci
workplace procedures for dealing with hazards and incidents, fire and
emergencies.
3. Contribute to OHS in the 3.1 Describe employee rights regarding consultation on OHS
workplace. matters
3.2 Raise task and/or job specific OHS issues with appropriate
people in accordance with workplace procedures and relevant
OHS legislative requirements
3.3 Contribute to participative arrangement for OHS management
in the workplace within organisational procedures and the
scope of responsibilities and competencies
3.4 Provide feedback to supervisor on hazards in work area in line
with organisational OHS policies and procedures
3.5 Provide support in implementing procedures to control risks in
accordance with organisational procedures
4. Work instruction may be: 4.1 Verbal
4.2 Written
4.3 In English
4.4 In a community language
4.5 Provided visually eg. video, OHS signs, symbols and other
pictorial, presentation, etc.
5. Controlling risks in the Application of the hierarchy of control, namely:
work area may 5.1 Eliminate the risk
include: 5.1 Reduce/minimise the risk through
5.1 Engineering controls
5.1 Administrative controls
5.1 Personal protective equipment
6. Reports identifying 6. 1 Face to face
workplace hazards 6. 2 Phone messages
may be verbal or 6. 3 Notes
written and may
6. 4 Memos
include:
6. 5 Specially designed report forms
7. Examples of OHS issues 7.1 Hazards identified
which may need to be 7.2 Problems encountered in managing risks associated with
raised by workers with hazards
designated personnel may 7.3 Clarification on understanding of OHS policies and procedures
include:
7.4 Communication and consultation processes
7.5 Follow up on reports and feedback.
7.6 Effectiveness of risk controls in place
7.7 Training needs
8. Examples of 8.1 Recommendations on changes to work processes, equipment
contributions may include: or practices
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8.2 Listening to the ideas and opinions of others in the team
8.3 Sharing opinions, views, knowledge and skills
8.4 Identifying and reporting risks and hazards
8.5 Using equipment according to guidelines and operating
manuals
OHS Management Issues
TYPES AND WORK-RELATED ERRORS
A. Quantity of work (untimely completion, limited production)
1. Poor prioritizing, timing, scheduling
2. Lost time
 Tardiness, absenteeism, leaving without permission

 Excessive visiting, phone use, break time, use of the Internet
 Misuse of sick leave
3. Slow response to work requests, untimely completion of assignments
4. Preventable accidents
B. Quality of work (failure to meet quality standards)
1. Inaccuracies, errors
2. Failure to meet expectations for product quality, cost or service
3. Customer/client dissatisfaction
4. Spoilage and/or waste of materials
5. Inappropriate or poor work methods
Work Behavior Which Result in Performance Problems
A. Inappropriate behavior (often referred to as "poor attitude")
 Negativism, lack of cooperation, hostility

 Failure or refusal to follow instructions
 Unwillingness to take responsibility ("passing the buck")
 Insubordination
 Power games
B. Resistance to change
 Unwillingness, refusal or inability to update skills

 Resistance to policy, procedure, work method changes
 Lack of flexibility in response to problems
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C. Inappropriate interpersonal relations
 Inappropriate communication style: over-aggressive, passive

 Impatient, inconsiderate, argumentative
 Destructive humor, sarcasm, horseplay, fighting

 Inappropriate conflict with others, customers, co-workers, supervisors
D. Inappropriate physical behavior
 Smoking, eating, drinking in inappropriate places

 Sleeping on the job
 Alcohol or drug use
 Problems with personal hygiene
 Threatening, hostile, or intimidating behavior
Quality Standards
Standards are sets of rules that outline specification of dimensions, design of operation, materials
and performance, or describe quality of materials, products or systems. These standards should cover
the performance expectations of the product for particular applications. The intent of standards is to
provide at least minimum quality, safety or performance specifications so as to ensure relatively uniform
products and performance, and to remove ambiguity as to the suitability of certain commercial products
for particular applications. Following standards may reduce the risk of error in working.
Specific quality standards for:
1. Hardware
The durability of the work depends on the quality of its component parts and the assembly skills
of those who install it. If the best-quality products or hardware are used but are installed incorrectly, the
system will be a failure.
The application of suitable hardware and products must be supported by adequate levels of
training of person who use them so that they can identify and use only appropriate products.
In judging a product or hardware, the person must consider factors such as the following:
 Is the product or hardware under consideration suitable for the application or purpose?
 Will it be harmful to the health of the community in its normal use?
 Is there a risk of this hardware being released into the environment (e.g. the water) in the
first instance or after the working life of the product or hardware has expired?
2. Production Process
In production process, checking of quality assurance must be highly considered. Quality

assurance covers all activities from design, development, production, installation, servicing and
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documentation. This introduced the rules: "fit for purpose" and "do it right the first time". It includes the
regulation of the quality of raw materials, assemblies, products and components; services related to
production; and management, production, and inspection processes.
A. Failure testing
A valuable process to perform on a whole consumer product is failure testing, the

operation of a product until it fails, often under stresses such as increasing vibration, temperature
and humidity. This exposes many unanticipated weaknesses in a product, and the data is used
to drive engineering and manufacturing process improvements.
B. Statistical control
Many organizations use statistical process control to bring the organization to Six
Sigma levels of quality, in other words, so that the likelihood of an unexpected failure is confined
to six standard deviations on the normal distribution. Traditional statistical process controls in
manufacturing operations usually proceed by randomly sampling and testing a fraction of the
output. Variances of critical tolerances are continuously tracked, and manufacturing processes
are corrected before bad parts can be produced.
C. Company quality
The company-wide quality approach places an emphasis on three

aspects:
1. Elements such as controls, job management, adequate processes,

performance and integrity criteria and identification of records
2. Competence such as knowledge, skills, experience and qualifications
3. Soft elements, such as personnel integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation,
team spirit and quality relationships.
The quality of the outputs is at risk if any of these three aspects are deficient in any
way.
D. Total quality control
Total Quality Control is the most necessary inspection control of all in cases where,
despite statistical quality control techniques or quality improvements implemented, sales
decrease.
As the most important factor had been ignored, a few refinements had to be introduced:
1. Marketing had to carry out their work properly and define the customer’s specifications.
2. Specifications had to be defined to conform to these requirements.
3. Conformance to specifications i.e. drawings, standards and other relevant documents,
were introduced during manufacturing, planning and control.
4. Management had to confirm all operators are equal to the work imposed on them and
holidays, celebrations and disputes did not affect any of the
quality levels.
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5. Inspections and tests were carried out, and all components and materials, bought in or
otherwise, conformed to the specifications, and the measuring equipment was accurate,
this is the responsibility of the QA/QC department.
6. Any complaints received from the customers were satisfactorily dealt with in a timely
manner.
7. Feedback from the user/customer is used to review designs.
8. Consistent data recording and assessment and documentation integrity.
9. Product and/or process change management and notification.
To conclude, the above forms are the basis from which the philosophy of Quality Assurance has
evolved, and the achievement of quality or the “fitness-for-purpose” is “Quality Awareness” throughout
the company.
3. Final Product
Table 1.2.1 shows the Quality System Elements required by ISO 9000 in the making of the final
product.
Table 1.2.2 Quality System Elements.

Quality System
Contents
Requirements
1 Management Define and document commitment, policy and objectives, responsibility and
responsibility authority, verification resources and personnel. Appoint a management
representative and conduct regular reviews of the system
2 Quality system Establish and maintain a documented quality system ensuring that products
conform to specified requirements
3 Contract Review Ensure that customer's contractual requirements are evaluated and met
4 Product Plan, control and verify product development to ensure that specified
development requirements are met
5 Document control System for control and identification of all documents regarding quality, e.g.
procedures, instructions, and specifications
6 Purchasing Ensure that purchased products conform to specified requirements
7 Product System to identify and control traceability of product at all stages from raw
identification and materials through production to the final product as delivered to the customer
traceability
8 Process control Ensure and plan the control of production which directly effects quality by
documented work instructions, monitoring and control of processes
9 Inspection and Inspect and test incoming products, intermediate and final product; establish
testing product conformance to specified requirements and identify non-conforming
products; maintain inspection and test records
10 Inspection, Selection and control of equipment to ensure reliability and accuracy in
measuring and test measuring data
equipment
11 Inspection and test For the whole process the products shall be identified and clearly marked
status concerning test status, including indication of conformance or non-conformance
12 Control of non- Identification, documentation, evaluation, isolation (if possible) and disposition
conforming of non-conforming products
products
13 Corrective actions Prevention of reoccurrence of failures (non-conformance)
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14 Handling, storage Protection of the quality of the product during handling, storage, packaging
packaging and and delivery
delivery
15 Quality records Records, including those which demonstrate that the specified requirements
have been met, shall be controlled and maintained
16 Internal Quality Regular, planned internal audits shall be carried out, documented and recorded
Audits to verify the effectiveness of the quality system
17 Training Training requirements at all levels shall be identified and the training planned,
conducted and recorded
18 Cleaning and Although not required by the ISO 9000 standards, these two points should be
Disinfection given special attention in all food companies
19 Personal hygiene
4. Customer Service
According to Turban et al, 2002, “Customer service is a series

of activities designed to enhance the level of customer’s satisfaction –
that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer’s
expectation”. Its importance varies by product, industry and customer

Self-Check 2.1
A. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Write QN if the statement affects the quantity of work and QL if the statement affects the
quality of work. Write your answer on the separate sheet of paper.
______ 1. Poor prioritizing

______ 2. Failure to meet expectations for product quality, cost or service
______ 3. Customer/client dissatisfaction
______ 4. Preventable accidents
______ 5. Misuse of sick leave
______ 6. Tardiness
______ 7. Slow response to work requests
______ 8. Break time
______ 9. Excessive visiting
______ 10. Spoilage and/or waste of materials
B. TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the otherwise is wrong. Write your
answer on the separate sheet of paper.
________ 1. Standards are set of rules that describe quality of materials, product or system.
________ 2. Quality assurance does not cover all the activities from design, development, up to
documentation.
________ 3. Customer service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer
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satisfaction.
________ 4. Customer service is not important in the company’s customer value proposition.
________ 5. The durability of the work do not depend on the skills of those who install it.
Operation Sheet 2.1
Directions:
1. Form a group at least 3 members in a group. Family members are allowed.
2. Conduct a Simulation on: “Production Process and Customer Service”
3. Record your simulation in min time of 5mins. and max of 7mins.
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria 5 4 3
Quality of the video the resolution of the video the resolution of the resolution of the
very clear the video clear video not clear
Completeness of the All process are followed Only 3 process are Only 2 or below
process correctly followed correctly process are followed
Duration The video followed the The video exceeds The video does not
required duration. the maximum meet the minimum
duration duration
Interpretation of score
13 – 15Very Good
10 -12Good
9 – 7Fair 6 and belowPoor
Lesson 3 Engaging quality improvement
1. Identify the quality improvement process
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2. Recognize the process of quality improvement
3. Test devices and materials in improving quality processes.
Introduction
Quality Improvement
In technical usage, quality can have two meanings:
1. The characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied
needs.
2. A product or service free of deficiencies.
The quality of a product or service refers to the perception of the degree to which the product or
service meets the customer's expectations. Quality has no specific meaning unless related to a specific
function and/or object. Quality is a perceptual, conditional and somewhat subjective attribute.
The dimensions of quality refer to the attributes that quality achieves in Operations Management:
Quality <-> Dependability <-> Speed <-> Flexibility <-> Cost
 Quality supports dependability

 Dependability supports Speed
 Speed supports Flexibility
 Flexibility supports Cost.
In the manufacturing industry it is commonly stated that “Quality drives productivity.” Improved
productivity is a source of greater revenues, employment opportunities and technological advances. The
best way to think about quality is in process control. If the process is under control, inspection is not
necessary. However, there is one characteristic of modern quality that is universal. In the past, when we
tried to improve quality, typically defined as producing fewer defective parts, we did so at the expense of
increased cost, increased task time, longer cycle time, etc.
Quality and Task-Completion Checking
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Quality Management Terms:
Quality Improvement can be distinguished from Quality Control in that Quality
Improvement is the purposeful change of a process to improve the reliability of achieving
an outcome.
Quality Control is the ongoing effort to maintain the integrity of a process to maintain the
reliability of achieving an outcome.
Quality Assurance is the planned or systematic actions necessary to provide enough
confidence that a product or service will satisfy the given requirements for quality.
With development teams of two or three in daily contact and frequently exchanging views and
criticisms, detailed, written quality and task-completion checking procedures may be felt to be
unnecessary. Procedures still need to be agreed and the results need to be documented. The need to
check quality and task completion applies at all stages of the development process but is underlined
especially during the prototype validation stages.
The importance of documenting checks applies whatever the size of the team and whatever the
complexity of the software. In the production of assets, this may involve checking to confirm the
following:
 that all the asset files listed in the product specification document have
been produced;
 that files are correctly named;
 that files are the correct byte size or near the projected file size
(examining the file-sizes in a directory listing can be helpful in identifying
problem files which are either much too large or much too small);
 that files are the correct resolution (screen-size and bit-depth in the case
of graphics; duration, sampling frequency and bit-depth in the case of
sound files);
 that the quality of files displaying on the target monitor or heard on target listening equipment is
acceptable.
Note that sampling is seldom a satisfactory checking method. Checking should be exhaustive, unless
for reasons of time or economy this is impossible. Usually, however, trying to economize on checking
and testing is a false economy and cutting corners here will often come back to haunt the development
team. At the end of the day, all files will need to be tested and, if at all possible, this should be done
sooner rather than at a later trial stage.
Quality Improvement Processes
Manufacturers can choose from a variety of tools to improve their quality processes. The trick is
to know which tools to use for each situation and increasing the sophistication of the tools in the
repertoire.
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Easy to implement and follow up, the most commonly used and well-known quality process is the
plan/do/check/act (PDCA) cycle (Figure 1). Other processes are a takeoff of this method, much in the
way that computers today are takeoffs of the original IBM system. The PDCA cycle promotes continuous
improvement and should thus be visualized as a spiral instead of a closed circle.
Another popular quality improvement process is the six-step PROFIT model in which the
acronym stands for:
 P = Problem definition.
 R = Root cause identification and analysis.
 O= Optimal solution based on root cause(s).
 F = Finalize how the corrective action will be implemented.
 I = Implement the plan.
 T = Track the effectiveness of the implementation and verify that the desired results are met.
If the desired results are not met, the cycle is

repeated. Both the PDCA and the PROFIT
models can be used for problem solving as
well as for continuous quality improvement. In
companies that follow total quality principles,
whichever model is chosen should be used
consistently in every department or function in
which quality improvement teams are working.
Figure 1. The most common process for quality
improvement is the plan/do/check/act cycle
outlined above. The cycle promotes continuous
improvement and should be thought of as a
Once the basic problem-solving or
spiral, not a circle.
quality improvement process is understood,
the addition of quality tools can make the process proceed more quickly and systematically. Seven
simple tools can be used by any professional to ease the quality improvement process: flowcharts, check
sheets, Pareto diagrams, cause and effect diagrams, histograms, scatter diagrams, and control charts.
(Some books describe a graph instead of a flowchart as one of the seven tools.)
The key to successful problem resolution is the ability to identify the problem, use the appropriate
tools based on the nature of the problem, and communicate the solution quickly to others. Inexperienced
personnel might do best by starting with the Pareto chart and the cause and effect diagram before
tackling the use of the other tools. Those two tools are used most
widely by quality improvement teams.
FLOWCHARTS
Flowcharts describe a process in as much detail as possible

by graphically displaying the steps in proper sequence. A good
flowchart should show all process steps under analysis by the
18 | P a g e
quality improvement team, identify critical process points for control, suggest areas for further
improvement, and help explain and solve a problem.
Flowcharts can be simple, such as the one featured in Figure 2, or they can be made up of
numerous boxes, symbols, and if/then directional steps. In more complex versions, flowcharts indicate
the process steps in the appropriate sequence, the conditions in those steps, and the related constraints
by using elements such as arrows, yes/no choices, or if/then statements.
Figure 2. A basic production process flowchart displays

several paths a part can travel from the time it hits the
receiving dock to final shipping.
CHECK SHEETS
Check sheets help organize data by category. They show how many times each particular value
occurs, and their information is increasingly helpful as more data are collected. More than 50
observations should be available to
be charted for this tool to be really
useful. Check sheets minimize
clerical work since the operator
merely adds a mark to the tally on
the prepared sheet rather than
writing out a figure (Figure 3). By
showing the frequency of a
particular defect (e.g., in a molded
part) and how often it occurs in a
Figure 3. Because it clearly organizes data, a check sheet is the easiest way specific location, check sheets
to track information.
help operators spot problems. The
check sheet example shows a list
of molded part defects on a production line covering a week's time. One can easily see where to set
priorities based on results shown on this check sheet.
Assuming the production flow is the same on each day, the part with the largest number of
defects carries the highest priority for correction.
PARETO DIAGRAMS
The Pareto diagram is named after Vilfredo Pareto, a
19th-century Italian economist. are caused by 20% of the
potential sources.
A Pareto diagram puts data in a hierarchical order

(Figure 4), which allows the most significant problems to be
corrected first. The Pareto analysis technique is used
primarily to identify and evaluate nonconformities, although it
can summarize all types of data. It is perhaps the diagram
most often used in management presentations.
Figure 4. By rearranging random data, a Pareto
diagram identifies and ranks nonconformities in
To create a Pareto diagram, the operator collects random
the quality process in descending order.
data, regroups the categories in order of frequency, and
creates a bar graph based on the results.
CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAMS
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The cause and effect diagram is sometimes called an Ishikawa diagram after its inventor. It is
also known as a fish bone diagram because of its shape. A cause and effect diagram describes a
relationship between variables. The undesirable outcome is shown as effect, and related causes are
shown leading to, the said effect. This popular tool has one severe limitation, however, in that users can
overlook important, complex interactions between causes. Thus, if a problem is caused by a combination
of factors, it is difficult to use this tool to depict and solve it.
A fish bone diagram displays all contributing factors and Figure 5. Fish bone diagrams display the
their relationships to the outcome to identify areas where data various possible causes of the final effect.
should be collected and analyzed. The major areas of potential Further analysis can prioritize them.
causes are shown as the main bones, Later, the subareas are
depicted. Thorough analysis of each cause can eliminate
causes one by one, and the most probable root cause can be
selected for corrective action. Quantitative information can also
be used to prioritize means for improvement, whether it be to
machine, design, or operator.
HISTOGRAMS
The histogram plots data in a frequency distribution table.
What distinguishes the histogram from a check sheet is that its
data are grouped into rows so that the identity of individual
values is lost. Commonly used to present quality improvement
data, histograms work best with small amounts of data that vary considerably. When used in process
capability studies, histograms can display specification limits to show what portion of the data does not
meet the specifications.
After the raw data are collected, they are grouped in Figure 6. A histogram is an easy way
value and frequency and plotted in a graphical form (Figure 6). A to see the distribution of the data,
histogram's shape shows the nature of the distribution of the its average, and variability.
data, as well as central tendency (average) and variability.

Specification limits can be used to display the capability of the
process.
SCATTER DIAGRAMS
A scatter diagram shows how two variables are related

and is thus used to test for cause and effect relationships. It
cannot prove that one variable causes the change in the other,
only that a relationship exists and how strong it is. In a scatter
diagram, the horizontal (x) axis represents the measurement values of one variable, and the vertical (y)
axis represents the measurements of the second variable. Figure 7 shows part clearance values on the
x-axis and the corresponding quantitative measurement values on the y-axis.
Figure 7. The plotted data points in

a scatter diagram show the
relationship between two variables.
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CONTROL CHARTS
A control chart displays statistically

determined upper and lower limits drawn on
either side of a process average. This chart
shows if the collected data are within upper and
lower limits previously determined through
statistical calculations of raw data from earlier
trials (Figure 8).
In preparing a control chart, the mean upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) of an
approved process and its data are calculated. A blank control chart with mean UCL and LCL with no
data points is created; data points are added as they are statistically calculated from the raw data.
Figure 8. Data points that fall outside the upper and
lower control limits leads to investigation and correction
Self-Check 3.1
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS
Direction: Read each statement or question below carefully and fill in the blank(s) with the correct
answer. Answers may be more than one word. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A __________ displays statistically determined upper and lower limits drawn on either side of a
process average.
2. A __________ shows how two variables are related and is thus used to test for cause and effect
relationships.
3. The _________ is sometimes called an Ishikawa diagram after its inventor.
4. __________ describes a process in as much detail as possible by graphically displaying the steps in
proper sequence.
5. The __________ is named after Vilfredo Pareto, a 19th-century Italian economist.
B. ENUMERATION
Directions: Give the exact word for each letter of mnemonic created in quality improvement process.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1-4. PDCA
1. P =
2. D =
3. C =
4. A =
5-10. PROFIT
5. P =
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6. R =
7. O =
8. F =
9. I =
10. T =
Activity Sheet 3.1
Directions: Monitor the performance of the product using the Check Sheet to ensure the quality of it.
Product Number:
Product Name:
Date: Time:
Inspected no. of items: Executive Name:
Defective item Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Total
Memory
Hard Drive/Solid State Drive
Video card
Motherboard
Processor
Power Supply
Monitor
Keyboard and Mouse
Optical Drive DVD/RW
Overall Total of Defective Items
MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM COMPUTER OPERATION
MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATION
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This unit covers the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values needed to perform computer
operations which include inputting, accessing, producing and transferring data using the appropriate
hardware and software.
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LO 1 Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken
 Determine requirements of task in accordance with the required output
 Select appropriate hardware and software according to task assigned and required outcome
 Plan a task to ensure that OSH guidelines and procedures are followed
 Follow client-specific guidelines and procedures
 Apply required data security guidelines in accordance with existing procedures
LO 2 Input data into computer
 Enter data into the computer using appropriate program/application in accordance with company
procedures
 Check the accuracy of information and save the information accordance with standard operating
procedure
 Store inputted data is in storage media according to requirements
 Perform work within ergonomic guidelines
LO 3 Access information using computer

 Select correct program/application based on job requirements
 Access program/ application contains the information required according to the company
procedures
 Select, open, and close desktop for navigation purposes
 Carry out keyboard techniques in line with OSH requirements
LO 4 Produce output/ data using computer system
 Process entered data using appropriate software commands
 Print out data as required using computer hardware/ peripherals devices in accordance with
standard operating procedures
 Transfer files and data between compatible system using computer software, hardware/
peripheral devices in accordance with the standard operating procedure
LO 5 Use basic function of a www- browser to locate information
 Establish information requirements for internet search
 Launch browser
 Load search engine
 Enter appropriate search criteria/ or URL of site
 Follow relevant links to locate required information
 Bookmark useful pages and print as required
LO 6 Maintain computer equipment and systems
 Implement procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular backups and virus checks
in accordance with standard operating procedures
 Implement basic file maintenance procedure in line with the standards operating procedures
CONDITIONS:
 Computer hardware with peripherals
 Appropriate software
Definition of Terms
LO 1 Plan and prepare for task to be Read and understand the information sheet
undertaken provided and browse to internet for more
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 Read Information Sheet 1.1 sample guide. Check yourself by answering
 Answer Self-Check 1.1 the self-check, activity sheet and by
 Answer Operation Sheet 1.1 performing the operation sheet. You must
LO 2 Input data into computer complete all the requirements before
 Read Information Sheet 2.1 proceeding to the next activity.
LO 3 Access information using computer
LO 4 Produce output/ data using computer
system
LO 5 Use basic function of a www- browser to
locate information
LO 6 Maintain computer equipment and

systems
Definition of Terms
Computer - A computer is a device that executes a program or programs.

CPU - The central processing unit or CPU, also known as the microprocessor or
Operating System –The operating system (OS) is the software that communicates with the computer
Software – Software is a program application; which provides the computer with step-by-step instructions
to perform a specific task. A computer cannot function without software.
Monitor - The computer monitor is computer screen or display unit. Types of monitors are CRTs
Desktop - Is the display on the monitor/screen.
Icon - An icon is a small, clickable picture that opens programs on a computer.
Mouse - Is a hand held device that helps you control the pointer on the desktop/screen.
Keyboard - Is the device used in typing in the words, numbers and to perform task.
CD (Compact Disc) & USB Flash Drive - used for storage of computer files or for media
File - A file is a block of information includes word documents, pictures, music, etc.
Folder - The folder is a system that helps in organizing the files, programs and projects on the computer.
It is similar to organizing files on a shelf in your cabinet.
Hard Drive - The hard drive is the device where the information is stored.
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Hardware - Is the physical pieces of a computer; monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, computer unit,
scanner, etc.
Browser - The web browser is software that you use to access the internet/World Wide Web
Networks - A network is a physical or logical construction that connects different computers together and
helps them communicate.
Planning and prepare for task to be

Lesson 1 undertake
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. Determine requirements of task in accordance with required output
2. Select appropriate hardware and software according to task
3. Plan a task to ensure that OHS guidelines and procedures are followed
4. Follow client-specific guidelines and procedures
Introduction
Planning plays the most important role of achieving a successful task. Your ability to plan
properly will enable you to attain your target or purpose goal. Many successful entrepreneurs have
realized their success through proper and careful planning. Likewise, aside from planning, you should
also give importance to preparation. Good preparation will boost your confidence because it means that
you are ready to do the task because you have sufficient knowledge about it.
The following are some factors to be considered when you plan and prepare for the tasks:
1. PLACE. See to it that the place for doing the task is conducive to
work, well ventilated, clean, and has good lighting. A space
provided for freedom to move is important. A place chosen will
give you idea on what task is to be done.
2. WASTE DISPOSAL. Used wire or wire strips or other things that can’t be used anymore must be
disposed in propers
3. TOOLS/EQUIPMENT. Tools and equipment must match with the

task to be done. You should be careful enough to choose tools and
equipment that are worthy of use. They must be in good condition so
that it can be easily utilized without damaging the parts.
A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.

25 | P a g e
Tools range from a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that
activates and controls a particular function.
Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.
1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the scope of
work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope considering the sequence of tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field
experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that
specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended by
the manufacturer, must be included.
In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected and used according to their manufacturer’s
instructions
4. SAFETY. Always prioritize safety. Remember that accident is not an excusable incident. It can be
avoided. Always remember the motto “Safety
5. PROCEDURE/TASK. Identify what task to perform before identifying materials and tools to use.
The service procedure/task to employ will tell you the corresponding tools and materials needed.
Appropriate tools to use with the task will enhance your ability to provide a competitive and
efficient service.
Assembling
Disassembling
Crimping
26 | P a g e
Occupational/ Operational Health and Safety (OHS)
Occupational/ Operational Health and Safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with
protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
Knowing OHS is essential to minimize the hazards and risks not only to students, trainers and
other people within the training institution but others who will be affected.
Reasons for occupational safety and standards are:
 Moral – an employee should not have to risk injury at work, nor should others have associated
with the work environment.
 Economic – many governments realize that poor occupational safety and health performance
results in cost to state
 Legal – OHS requirements maybe reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law
SAFETY PROCEDURES (OHS)
1. To prevent electrical shock hazard, disconnect the power cable from the electrical outlet before
relocating the system
2. When adding and removing devices to or from the system, ensure that the power cables for the
devices are unplugged before the signal cables are connected. If possible, disconnect all power
cables from the existing system before you add a device
3. Make sure that your power supply is set to the correct voltage in your area
4. Before installing the Motherboard and adding a device on it, carefully read the entire manual that
came with the package
5. To avoid short circuits, keep paper clips, screws, and staples away from connectors, slots,
sockets and circuitry
6. Avoid dust, humidity, and temperature extremes. Do not place the product in any area where it
may become wet
7. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer
8. Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in case of accident or
emergency.
9. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit
10. Always full the cable connector on the handle and not on the cable itself
11. Use only rubber shoes when standing on the ground or in a concrete floor
12. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
13. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.
14. Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working area or near
computers.
15. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. Do not place any combustible materials near the power outlet.

2. Avoid using power cord with defects such as loose contacts and exposed conductors.
3. Avoid using connecting wires with exposed conductors.
27 | P a g e
4. Do all the wiring connection inside the computer system with the power off.
5. Check the proper connections before turning the circuit power on.
6. Remove any jewelry, which is conductive.
7. Check your measuring instruments for proper voltage, current, resistance setting before making
any measurement.
8. Refer to the mother manuals for its proper jumper setting and connection.
What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that accepts data from the user, processes it, produces results,
displays them to the users, and stores the results for future usage.
Data is a collection of unorganized facts & figures and does not provide any further information
regarding patterns, context, etc. Hence data means "unstructured facts and figures".
Information is a structured data i.e. organized meaningful and processed data. To process the data
and convert into information, a computer is used.
Functions of Computers
A computer performs the following functions −
 Receiving Input
Data is fed into computer through various input devices like keyboard, mouse, digital pens, etc.
Input can also be fed through devices like CD-ROM, pen drive, scanner, etc.
 Processing the information

Operations on the input data are carried out based on the instructions provided in the programs.
 Storing the information

After processing, the information gets stored in the primary or secondary storage area.
 Producing output
The processed information and other details are communicated to the outside world through
output devices like monitor, printer, etc.
Hardware
The term hardware refers to mechanical device that makes up computer. Computer hardware consists
of interconnected electronic devices that we can use to control computer’s operation, input and output.
Examples of hardware are CPU, keyboard, mouse, hard disk, etc.
28 | P a g e
Hardware Components
Computer hardware is a collection of several components working together. Some parts are essential
and others are added advantages. Computer hardware is made up of CPU and peripherals as shown in
image below.
Software
A set of instructions that drives computer to do stipulated tasks is called a program. Software
instructions are programmed in a computer language, translated into machine language, and executed
by computer. Software can be categorized into two types −
 System software
 Application software
System Software
System software operates directly on hardware devices of computer. It provides a platform to run an
application. It provides and supports user functionality. Examples of system software include operating
systems such as Windows, Linux, Unix, etc.
Application Software
An application software is designed for benefit of users to perform one or more tasks. Examples of
application software include Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Oracle, etc.
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Self-Check 1.1
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions:
1. A successful task can be achieved through _____ planning and preparation.
a. careful and proper b. constant c. courageous d. seldom
2. One of the factors to consider when planning and preparing for the task in order to avoid accident
is _____.
a. materials c. place
b. safety d. waste disposal
3. When the task calls for the removal of parts, use _____.
a. cleaning tools c.. Loosening and tightening tools
b. marking tools d. measuring tools
4. What is a computer?
a. A programmable electronic device that processes data via instructions to output
information for future use.
b. Raw facts and figures that has no meaning processed via a set of instructions.
c. Meaning attached to data letters, pictures, symbols or sounds.
d. All of the above
5. Why do people use computers?
a. For their data processing speeds, accuracy, storage capacity and ability to work for long
periods.
b. Computers are very fast and not very accurate.
c. Computers work for long periods without the need for maintenance.
d. Computers stores large amounts of data
6. The primary goal of Occupational Health is about:
a. Protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work
b. Protecting co-workers, family members employers, suppliers, nearby communities and
other members of the public who are influenced by the workplace environment
c. Protecting the natural environment
d. None of the above.
7. In order to maintain good health standards at the workplace the following rules must be adhered
to:
a. Cleanliness, adequate sanitary facilities, Protection against dangerous substances
b. Wellness of workers
c. Promoting a positive social climate
d. None of the above
8. One of the main reasons why hazardous materials need to be handled and stored correctly are:
a. To prevent production at the work place
b. To promote the well-being of people in the work place
c. To prevent people being exposed to the material and to protect the natural environment
9. What is the best way to avoid tripping at the workplace?
a. Make sure the floor is uneven.
b. Have the floor cleaned extra often.
c. Make sure the workplace is tidy.
30 | P a g e
10. Who should you notify right away about an accident?
a. The immediate supervisor.
b. The government’s Health and Safety Inspection Service.
c. The medical department.
d. None of the above
B. TRUE or FALSE
_____ 1. Health and safety procedure are the responsibility of all persons in the computer and
technology industries.
______ 2. Spotting the hazards means working out how likely it is that a hazard will harm someone and
how serious the harm could be.
______ 3. If you need to temporarily run a cable across the floor, place a Danger sign similar to those
"wet floor" signs used by cleaning services.
______ 4. Selecting the best tool for each task makes the work faster.
______ 5. Inkjet printer cartridges, or laser printer toner cartridges are hazardous to users.
Operation Sheet 1.1
Directions: Use the appropriate hardware/software and apply the SAFETY PROCEDURES (OHS) to do
each of the following tasks.
1. Select and connect input/output devices into computer system unit

2. Open application/software related to creating documents, flyers, publications
3. Open application/software related to creating presentations
Scoring Rubrics
Was the Was the OHS applied?
hardware/software
Task selected correct?
YES No Yes No
1. Select and connect input/output devices into
computer system unit
2. Open application/software related to creating
documents, flyers, publications
3. Open application/software related to creating
presentations
For Total Score
3 points for every YES checked 16Excellent
14 – 15Very Good
12 – 13Good 31 | P a g e
PLEASE DO9NOT WRITE
– 11Fair 8 andANYTHING
belowPoor IN THIS MODULE
Highest Score 16
Lesson 2 Input Data into Computer

1. Identify the types of programs/ applications software
2. Check the accuracy of information and save the information in accordance with standard
operating procedures
3. Classify the inputted data in storage media according to requirements
Introduction
Technology has become the integral part of modernization in our society. It opens door to
information that will be needed by people who seeks knowledge through the use of computer. Using
computer, people can search and gain information by simply accessing the internet. Just a click
away, the information is being presented.
What is Data?
Data is a collection of facts and figures, such as values or measurements.
The data is the raw material to be processed by a computer.
Data versus Information
When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to make them
meaningful or useful, they are called information
32 | P a g e
Differences in Meaning
The raw input is data and it has no significance when it exists in that form. When data is collated or
organized into something meaningful, it gains significance. This meaningful organization is
information.
Types of Data
Numeric data
• The data which is represented in the form of numbers

• This includes 0-9 digits, a decimal point (.) +, /, - sign and the letters “E” or “D”.
Character data
Data Processing Cycle
- Data processing is simply the conversion of raw data to meaningful information

through a process.
33 | P a g e
- The data is processed again and again until the accurate result is achieved.
Input
- Input is the task where verified data is coded or converted into machine
- readable form so that it can be processed through a computer
A hardware is an input device if it is used to enter data or give commands to the computer. Two of
the most common input devices are keyboard and mouse. A keyboard is an input device because if
you want to enter data to the computer, we have to press the keys or each letter, numbers or special
keys. A mouse is also an input device because if you want to give instruction to the computer, we
have to press its buttons.
Processing
- Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of manipulation, the
point where a computer program is being executed, and it contains the program code and its
current activity.
• Classifying
• Sorting
• Calculating
• Summarizing
• Comparing
Output
- Output is presented to users in various report formats like printed report, audio, video or on
monitor.
• Text
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video
A hardware is an output device if it gives the results done by the computer. Some of the common
devices are: monitor, which displays the text, graphics and documents done in the computer; the
printer , it prints on the paper the text and graphics that you have inputted to. Speakers and
headphones are output device because through them you could hear sounds and music coming from
34 | P a g e
your computer.
Storage
- Storage is a location which data instruction and in which data, instruction and information are
held for future use
- Every computer uses to hold system software and application software

- A storage medium, also called secondary storage is the physical material in the computer that
keeps data, instruction and information.
Types of Data Processing
Manual Data Processing
The process of data entry implies many opportunities for

errors, such as:
• Delays in data capture
• A high amount of operator misprints,
• High labor costs from the amount of manual labor

required etc.
Electronic data processing
• Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data
• Computer can help

• Accuracy
• Speed
• Consistency
• Storage capacity
• Automation
Computer data processing
The eleven data of processing operations in a computer are:

• Recording
• Verifying
• Duplicating
• Classifying
• Sorting
• Calculating
• Summarizing and reporting
• Merging
• Storing
• Retrieving
• Feedback
35 | P a g e
The components involved data processing
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)
• Data bus
• Ports
• Motherboard
• Hard disk
• Output Devices
• Input Device
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)
• When the computer is doing any job, the data that have to be processed are
stored in the primary memory
• The following terms related to memory of a computer are discussed below:
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Read Only Memory (ROM)
• Programmable read-only memory (PROM)
• Cache Memory
• Registers
Input Devices
- Keyboard: The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the type QWERTY
- Mouse: It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top
- Scanner: Scanner is an optical device that can input any graphical matter and display it back
36 | P a g e
Output Devices
- Visual Display Unit: It is also called the monitor
- Speaker
- Printer: It is an important output device which can be used to get a printed copy of the
processed text or result on paper.
Computer Processing Operations

A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers to carry out the
various data processing activities we have just discussed
- Input/Output Operations
- Calculation and text manipulation operations
- Logic/Comparison Operations
- Storage and Retrieval Operations
Workstation Ergonomics: Guidelines for Computer Use by Children
37 | P a g e
1. .Always work in the Neutral Posture.
The neutral posture guidelines below apply to children and
adults (so make sure that you follow them, too, as you teach
your children good ergonomics). Following these guidelines will
ensure that your child uses a computer in a comfortable and
ergonomically correct way.
Neutral Posture for Children:

 Good upper body posture (shoulders back but relaxed—not
slumping forward over the keyboard)
Photo Source: 123RF.com
 Back supported by chair (sitting back in chair with back >90°
and well supported)
 Chair seat should not compress behind the knees
 Feet firmly on a surface for support (floor/footrest)
 Head balanced on neck (not tilted back or too far forwards)
 Knees at an angle >90° (i.e., angle behind the knees should be open—don't sit with legs tucked
under the chair)
 Upper arms close to body and relaxed
 Elbow angle >90° (forearm below horizontal)
 Wrist neutral
Observe how your child uses the computer and then adjust the workstation arrangement so that he or
she is working in the most neutral posture possible.
2. Organize a Normal Work Area

The normal work area is the space that can easily be reached by your child while he or she is
sitting comfortably in the chair without her or him having to unduly bend or twist to reach
something. Bring those items that your child uses most while working at the computer within this
normal work area. If you child types from a text document or book, make sure that this is placed
in a document holder and that it is as close to the screen as you can get it so that your child
doesn't have to twist her or his head unnecessarily.
3. Check the Computer Screen Position
The computer screen should be positioned so that your child can comfortably view the screen
without having to noticeably tilt her or his neck backwards or forwards. If the screen is too high,
your child's neck will be tipped backwards, and if it is too low, it will be bent forwards. You should
change the height and angle of the screen to avoid these postures.
4. Workstation furniture and equipment
The following furniture and equipment can help you to create the most comfortable and
adjustable workstation arrangements for your child as he or she grows.
 A comfortable chair: Use a height adjustable chair with a comfortable seat and good back support
a stable desk/worksurface
 A stable work surface: Make sure that your child is working with a computer that is placed on a
stable worksurface.
 A negative slope/tiltdown keyboard system or a height adjustable keyboard/mouse
platform: Check the fit of the keyboard and mouse to the size of your child's hands. If you child
has small hands, then consider using a smaller keyboard for a better fit.
5. Glare-free screen
Check that the computer screen is free from glare spots (bright lights). To do this, you may have
to reposition the screen or adjust the room lighting. Make sure that there is sufficient light on any
paper documents that your child is reading by using a freestanding, adjustable brightness task
38 | P a g e
light.
6. Manage computer use time
The risks of any postural problems associated with computer use depend upon the length of time
that your child uses the computer without taking a rest break and doing something else. You can
watch the clock to regulate your child's computer use, or you can use a software program to to
this. These software program usually give on-screen alerts to "take a break", and often they
provide guidance on simple stretch exercises (for example, you can download free ErgoPal
software that will run on a PC).

Self-Check 2.1
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions:
1. Keyboard, scanner and mouse are called __________.
2. A __________ is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.
3. A _________ is an electronic machine made up of hardware and software that work together
to do a task.
4. A _________refers to a program or application installed into a computer to do a specific task.
The examples are word processing program and presentation program.
5. A ________ is computer parts or device that you can see or touch.
6. _________ is a collection of facts and figures, such as values or measurements.
7. _________ is a collection of data which conveys some meaningful idea.
8. ________ is the data which is represented in the form of numbers
9. _________ is presented to users in various report formats like printed report, audio, video
or on monitor.
10. ________ is a location which data instruction and in which data, instruction and information are
held for future use
B. ENUMERATION
Directions: Give at least five stages in data processing cycle. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1-5. stages in data processing cycle.
Operation Sheet 2.1
Directions: Use the appropriate hardware/software to do each of the following tasks and apply the
ergonomic guidelines.
1. Select MS word and input your personal information
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2. Save inputted data in desktop
3. Rename MS word file you saved by your name
Scoring Rubrics
Was the task Was the ergonomic
accomplished? guidelines applied?
Task YES No Yes No
1. Select MS word and input your personal
information
For Total Score Interpretation of score

3 points for every YES checked
Highest Score 16 16Excellent
14 – 15Very Good
12 – 13Good
Lesson 3 Access Information Using Computer
1. Select correct program/application based on job requirements;
2. Access program/ application containing the information required according to company
procedures;
3. Select, open and close desktop for navigation purposes; and
4. Carry out keyboard techniques in line with OHS requirements
Introduction
Information access is the freedom or ability to identify, obtain and make use of database or
information effectively. There are various research efforts in information access for which the objective is
to simplify and make it more effective for human users to access and further process large and unwieldy
amounts of data and information.
DESKTOP FUNDAMENTALS
THE DESKTOP (Overview)

The desktop is the main screen area that you see after you turn on your computer and log on to
Windows. Like the top of an actual desk, it serves as a surface of your work. When you open programs
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or folders, they appear on the desktop. You can also put things on the desktop, such as files and folders,
and arrange them however you want.
The desktop is sometimes defined more broadly to include the taskbar and Windows Sidebar.
The taskbar sits at the bottom of your screen. It shows you which programs are running and allows you
to switch between them. It also contains the start button, which you can use to access programs, folders
and computer settings. On the other side of the screen, Sidebar contains small programs called gadgets.
Where did my desktop go?

Because programs run on top of the desktop, the desktop itself is often partially or completely
hidden. But it’s still there, underneath everything. To see the while desktop without closing any of your
open programs or windows, click the Show Desktop button on the taskbar. The desktop is revealed.
Click the icon again and restore all of your windows to the way they were.
Working with desktop icons

Icons are small pictures that represent files, programs and other items. When you first start
Windows, you’ll see at least one icon in your desktop: the Recycle Bin (more on that later). Your
computer manufacturer might have added other icons on the desktop. Some examples of desktop icons
are shown below.
Adding and removing icons from the desktop

You can choose which icons appear on the desktop – you can add
or remove an icon anytime. Some people like a clean, uncluttered desktop
with few or no icons. Others place dozens of icons on their desktop to give
them quick access to frequently used programs, files and folders.
If you want easy access from the desktop to your favorite files or
programs, create shortcuts to them. A shortcut is an icon that represents a
link to an item, rather than the item itself. When you double click a shortcut, the item opens. If you delete
a shortcut, only the shortcut is removed, not the original item. You can identify shortcuts by the arrow on
their icon.
1. Locate the item that you want to create a shortcut for.

2. Right click the item, click Send To, and the click Desktop. The shortcut icon appears on your
desktop.
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Moving icons around
Windows stacks icons in columns on the left side of the desktop. But you’re not stuck with that
arrangement. You can move icon by dragging it to a new place on the desktop.
Selecting multiple icons

To move or delete a bunch of icons at once, you must first
select all of them. Click an empty area of the desktop and drag the
mouse. Surround the icons that you want to select with the rectangle
that appears. Then release the mouse button. Now you can drag the
icons as a group or delete them.
Hiding desktop icons

If you want to temporarily hide all of your desktop icons without actually removing them, right click
an empty part of your desktop, click View and then click Show Desktop Icons to clear the check mark
from that option. Now no icons are displayed on the desktop. You can get them back by clicking Show
Desktop Icon again.
THE START MENU (Overview)

The start menu is the main gateway to your computer’s programs, folders and settings. It’s called
a menu because it provides a list of choices, just as a restaurant menu does. And as “Start” implies, it’s
often the place that you’ll go to start or open things.
Use the Start menu to do these common activities:

1. Start programs
2. Open commonly used folders
3. Search for files, folders and programs
4. Adjust computer settings
5. Get help with the Windows operating system
6. Turn off the computer
7. Log off from windows or switch to a different user account
The Start menu is divided into three basic parts:

a. The large pane shows a short list of programs on your computer. Your computer manufacturer
can customize this list, so its exact appearance will vary. Clicking All Programs displays a
complete list of programs.
b. In the lower left corner is the search box, which allows to look for the programs and files on your
computer by typing in search terms.
c. The right pane provides access to commonly used folders, files, settings and features. It’s also
where you go to log off from windows or turn off your computer.
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The Search box
It is one of the most convenient ways to find thins on your computer. The exact location of the
items doesn’t matter – the Search box will scour your programs and all of the folders in your personal
folder (which includes Documents, Pictures, Music, desktop, and other common locations). It will also
search your e-mail messages, saved instant messages, appointments and contacts.
To use the Search box, open the Start menu and start typing. You don’t need to click inside the
box first. As you type, the search results appear above the Search box in the left pane of the Start menu.
A program, file or folder will appear as a result if:

a. Any word in its title matches or begins with your search terms.
b. Any text in the actual contents of the file – such as the text in a word-processing document –
matches or begins with your search term.
c. Any word in a property of the file, such as the author, matches or begins with your search term.
The Recycle Bin

When you delete a file or folder, it doesn’t actually get deleted right away – it goes
to the Recycle Bin. That’s a good thing, because if you ever change your mind and decide
you need a deleted file, you can get it back.
The recycle bin when empty (left) and full (right).
If you’re sure that you won’t need the deleted items again, you can empty the Recycle Bin that
will permanently delete the items and reclaim any disk space they were using.
USING THE KEYBOARD

Whether you’re writing a letter or entering numerical data, the keyboard is the main way to enter
information into the computer. But did you know you can also use the keyboard to control your
computer? Learning just a few simple keyboard commands (instructions to your computer) can help you
work efficiently.
How the keys are organized
The keys on the keyboard can be divided into several groups based on function:
a. Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the same letter, number, punctuation, and
symbol keys found in a traditional typewriter.
b. Control keys. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain
actions. The most frequently used control keys are CTRL, ALT,
the Windows logo key and ESC.
c. Function keys. The function keys are used to perform specific tasks. Theys are labeled as F1,
F2, F3 and so on up to F12.the functionality of these keys differ from program to program.
d. Navigation keys. These keys are used for moving around in documents or webpages and
editing text. They include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE and
INSERT.
e. Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for entering numbers quickly. The keys are
grouped together in a block like a conventional calculator or adding machine.
The following illustration shows how these keys are arranged on a typical keyboard.
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Your keyboard layout may differ.
Typing Text
Whenever you need to type something in a program, e-mail message or text box, you’ll see a
blinking vertical line (l). That’s the cursor, also called insertion point. It shows where the text that you
type will begin. You can move the cursor by clicking in the desired location with the mouse, or by using
the navigation keys.
In addition to letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and symbols, the typing keys include SHIFT, CAPS
LOCK, the TAB key, ENTER, the SPACEBAR and BACKSPACE.
Key name How to use it

SHIFT Press SHIFT in combination with a letter to type an uppercase
letter. Press SHIFT in combination with another key to type the
symbol shown on the upper part of that key.
CAPS LOCK Press CAPS LOCK once to type all letters as uppercase. Press
CAPS LOCK again to turn this function off. Your keyboard may
have alight indicating whether CAPS LOCK is on.
TAB Press the TAB key to move the cursor several spaces forward.
You can also press the TAB key to move to the next text box on
a form.
ENTER Press ENTER to move the cursor to the beginning of the next
line. In a dialog, press ENTER to select the highlighted button.
BACKSPACE Press BACKSPACE to delete the character before the cursor,
or the selected text.
Using keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are ways to perform actions by using the keyboard. They’re called shortcuts
because they help your work faster. In fact, any action or command you can perform with a mouse can
be performed faster using one or more keys on your keyboard.
In Help topics, a plus sign (+) between two or more keys indicates that those keys should be
pressed in combination. For example, CTRL+A means to press and hold CTRL and then press A.
CTRL+SHIFT+A means to press and hold CTRL and SHIFT and then press A.
Find program shortcuts

You can do things in most programs by using the keyboard. To see which commands you have
keyboard shortcuts, open a menu. The shortcuts (if available) are shown next to the menu items.
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Choose menus, commands and options
You can open menus and choose commands and other options using your keyboard. When you press
ALT in a program with menus, one letter in each of the menu names become underlined. Press an
underlined letter to open the corresponding menu. Press the underlined letter in a menu item to choose
that command.
Press ALT+F to open the File menu, then press P to choose the Print command. This trick works in
dialog boxes too. Whenever you see an underlined letter attached to an option in a dialog box, it means
you can press ALT plus that letter to choose that option.
Useful shortcuts
The following table lists some of the most useful keyboard shortcuts.
Press this To do this

Windows logo key Open the start menu
ALT+TAB Switch between open programs or
ALT+F4 Close the active item or exit the active program

CTRL+S Save the current file or document (works in most
programs)
CTRL+C Copy the selected item
CTRL+X Cut the selected item
CTRL+V Paste the selected item
CTRL+Z Undo an action
CTRL+A Select all items in a document or window
F1 Display Help for a program or Windows
Display Windows Help and Support
Windows logo key +F1
ESC Cancel the current task
Application key Open a menu of commands related to a selection in a
program. Equivalent to right clicking the selection.
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Using navigation keys
The navigation keys allow you to move the cursor, move around in documents and webpages and edit
text. The following table lists some common functions of these keys.
Press this To do this

Move the cursor or selection one space or line the
LEFT ARROW, RIGHT ARROW, UP ARROW
direction of the arrow, or scroll a webpage in the
or DOWN ARROW
direction of the arrow.
Move the cursor to the beginning of a line or move to the
HOME
top of a webpage.
Move the cursor to the end of a line or move to the
END
bottom of a webpage.
CTRL+HOME Move to the top of a document.
CTRL+END Move to the bottom of a document
PAGE UP Move the cursor or page up one screen
PAGE DOWN Move the cursor or page down one screen
DELETE Delete the character after the cursor or the selected
text; in Windows, delete the selected item and move it to
the Recycle Bin.
Turn Insert mode off or on. When Insert mode is on, text
that you type is inserted at the cursor. When Insert
INSERT mode is off, text that you type replaces existing
characters.
Using the numeric keypad

The numeric keypad arranges the numerals 0 through 9, the arithmetic operators + (addition), -
(subtraction), * (multiplication) and / (division), and the decimal point as they would appear on a
calculator or adding machine. These characters are duplicated elsewhere on the keyboard, of course,
but the keypad arrangement allows you to rapidly enter numerical data or mathematical operations with
one hand.
To use the numeric keypad to enter numbers, press NUM LOCK. Most keyboards have light that
indicates whether NUM LOCK is on or off. When NUM LOCK is off, the numeric keypad functions as a
second navigation keys (these functions are printed on the keys next to the numerals or symbols).
You can use your numeric keypad to perform simple calculations with Calculator. Tips for using
your keyboard safely
Using your keyboard properly can help avoid soreness or injury to your wrists, hands and arms,
particularly if you use your computer for long periods of time. Here are some tips to help you avoid
problems:
1. Place your keyboard at elbow level. Your upper arms should be relaxed at your sides.
2. Center your keyboard in front of you. If your keyboard has a numeric keypad, you can use the
space bar as the centering point.
3. Type with your hands and wrist floating above the keyboard, so that you can use your whole arm
to reach distant keys instead of stretching your fingers.
4. Avoid resting your palms or wrists in any type of surface while typing. If your keyboard has a
palm rest, use it only during breaks from typing.
5. While typing, use a light touch and keep your wrists straight.
6. When you’re not typing, relax your arms and hands.
7. Take short breaks from computer use every 15 to 20minutes.
Cleaning the Keyboard
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A dirty keyboard doesn't look nice, and can cause your keyboard to not work properly. Dust,
food, liquid, or other particles can get stuck underneath the keys, which can cause them not to work.
Check your owner's manual to see if the manufacturer has provided you with instructions for your
specific keyboard. If so, you should follow them. If not, the following steps are basic cleaning tips that
will help you keep your keyboard clean:
1. Unplug the keyboard from the USB or PS/2 port. If the keyboard is plugged into the PS/2 port,
you will need to shut down the computer before unplugging it.
2. Turn the keyboard upside down and gently shake it to remove dirt and dust.
3. Use a can of compressed air to clean between the keys.
4. Moisten a cotton cloth or paper towel with rubbing alcohol, and use it to clean the tops of the
keys. Do not pour alcohol (or any other liquid) directly onto the keys.
5. Reconnect the keyboard to the computer once it is dry. If you are connecting it to a PS/2 port,
you will need to connect it before turning the computer on.

Self-Check 3.1
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Select the best answer of the given choices. Write the letter your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. These are used to perform specific tasks. What is it?

a. Typing keys b. Numeric keypad
c. Function keys d. Navigation keys
2. What is the main way to enter information on your computer?
a. Mouse c. Printer
b. Keyboard d. All of the above
3. These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain actions. What is it?
a. Control keys c. Numeric Keys b. Typing keys d. Function
keys
4. Using this action or command can perform faster than using the mouse.
What is it?
a. Command b. Shortcuts c. Keyboard shortcuts d. Both a & b
5. The shortcuts can be seen at __________.
a. Icons c. Manu bar
b. Desktop d. Keyboard
6. This is sometimes defined more broadly to include the taskbar and Windows sidebar. What is it?
a. Taskbar c. Desktop
b. Windows d. Program
7. What will you do to see the whole desktop without closing any programs or windows?
a. Click the show task bar button. c. Click the desktop bar button.
b. Click the home button. d. None of the above.
8. What is one of the icons that you’ll see when you first start Windows?
a. My Computer b. Recycle Bin c. My Documents d. Both a & b
9. What will you do if you want an easy access from your desktop to your favorite files or programs?
47 | P a g e
a. Move them b. Copy it c. Create a shortcut d. Create a folder
10. Where can you find the files that you have deleted?
a. It no longer exists c. Undo it after deleting
b. Recycle Bin d. Both b and c
B. TRUE OR FALSE
________1. The desktop background is also called the wallpaper.

________2. If you spill liquid on the keyboard, quickly wipe it with dry cloth.
________3. Reconnect the keyboard once it is dry.
________4. Cleaning your computer regularly can help to keep it working properly.
________5. You can’t drag icons so you can’t move them again.
Activity Sheet 3.1
Directions: Demonstrate the keyboard shortcut and explain.
Note: this activity will be conduct or perform in the campus Computer laboratory.
Operation Sheet 3.1
1. Demonstrate navigation key
2. Demonstrate shortcut keys
Scoring Rubrics
# of key
Task
demonstrated
1. demonstrate navigation key
2. demonstrate shortcut keys

Number of navigation key demonstrated + Number of shortcut key
demonstrated 16+Excellent
Highest possible Score 22 14 – 15Very Good
12 – 13Good
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Produce output/ data using computer
Lesson 4 system
1. Process entered data using appropriate software commands
2. Print out data as required using computer hardware/ peripheral devices in accordance with
standard operating procedures
3. Transfer files and data between compatible system using computer software, hardware/
peripheral devices in accordance with standard operating procedures
Introduction
Information access is the freedom or ability to identify, obtain and make use of database or
information effectively. There are various research efforts in information access for which the objective is
to simplify and make it more effective for human users to access and further process large and unwieldy
amounts of data and information.
How to Print File

Printing Document
Steps
1. Open a program that allows you to insert text into a document or get on the internet.
2. If you were to open a program, you would need to type text into the document. If you were to get
on the internet, you could skip to step 7.
3. After you have typed text into the document, you need to locate the menu bar, click on file, then
point to print.
4. Click on print.\
5. When the print dialog box appears, select the printer you want to use (if it is not already
selected) and select the number of copies to print.
6. Click OK.
7. If you were to print a page or pages from the internet, follow steps 3, 4, 5, and 6, except you
don't have to type text into a document to print.
Printing Spreadsheet
1. Format your spreadsheet the way you want to see it printed. Add borders and shading as
necessary to your tables and adjust column widths so your data fits without overlapping. The
better job you do preparing your spreadsheet from the beginning, the easier it will be to print.
Include features like headers and footers to ensure all the necessary information will be on the
printout.
2. Change the screen view from normal mode to print view mode. For Microsoft Excel, click "View"
on the menu bar and then click "Page Break Preview." Other spreadsheets will likely have a
49 | P a g e
similar process. If not, go to the "Print Preview" page and, if necessary, turn on the margins by
clicking the appropriate button--usually "Margins."
3. Adjust the page breaks or margins by clicking on them and dragging them in the direction you
want them adjusted. Sometimes, the scale will automatically adjust to fit your new margin or
page-break definitions. If not, you will have to do it manually.
4. Go to your spreadsheet's "Page Setup" function, usually in the "File" menu, if you must manually
adjust the scale. There are three types of adjustments you may see. The first option is to choose
between "Landscape" and "Portrait." The former is better for wide, continuous spreadsheets,
while the latter is good for narrow or limited-length tables. The second adjustment is to fit the
spreadsheet to a set number of pages in length and in width. The scale is automatically adjusted
to meet the criteria you define. The final option is to choose a percentage adjustment from the
original size. This can work to enlarge or reduce the final printout.
5. Click the "Print" button on the toolbar once all of the adjustments are made. There is no way to
determine exactly how the spreadsheet will look when it is finally on paper, so you may have to
go back and fine-tune some of your adjustments in order to print out a copy that is professional
and readable, especially for extremely wide or complex spreadsheets.
Printing Slides in Power Point

Set the slide size and orientation for printing
To change your printing options, do the following:
On the Design tab, in the Page Setup group, click Page Setup.

In the Slides sized for list, click the size of paper on which you will be printing.
NOTES
 If you click Custom, type or select the measurements that you want in

the Width and Height boxes.
 To print an overhead transparency, click Overhead.
To set the page orientation for the slides, under Orientation, under Slides, click Landscape or Portrait.
NOTE By default, PowerPoint slide layouts appear in landscape orientation. Although you can use
only one orientation (either landscape or portrait) in a presentation, you can link two presentations to
display both portrait and landscape slides in what appears to be one presentation. For more information,
see Use portrait and landscape slide orientation in the same presentation.
TOP OF PAGE
Print the slides
Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Print.

In the Print dialog box, under Print range, do one of the following:
To print all slides, click All.
To print the slide that is currently displayed, click Current slide.
To print one or more slides that you selected, click Selection.
To print specific slides numbers, click Slides, and then enter the slide numbers or ranges in the
adjoining box.
Under Copies, enter the number of copies that you want.
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Under Print What, select Slides.
NOTES
 For information about printing handouts, see Create and print handouts.

 If you select Outline view, PowerPoint prints only the text of your slides (as it appears in outline
view) and none of the graphics or animation.
Under Color/Grayscale, click one of the following:

Color If you print to a color printer, this option prints in color.
Color (On Black and White Printer) If you print to a black-and-white printer, this option prints in
grayscale.
Grayscale This option prints images that contain variations of gray tones between black and white.
Background fills are printed as white, so that the text will be more legible. (Sometimes grayscale appears
the same as Pure Black and White.)
Pure Black and White This option prints the handout with no gray fills.
To increase resolution, blend transparent graphics, and print soft shadows in your print job, select
the High quality check box.
TIP When you print in high quality, it may take longer for your presentation to print. To prevent a
possible decrease in your computer's performance, clear the High quality check box after you finish
printing.
To print your slides on the paper that you selected for your printer, select the Scale to fit paper check
box.
To print a thin border around your slides, select the Frame slides check box.
Click Print.
NOTES
If you want to reset the print options and keep them as your default settings, do the following:
1. Set the settings as you want them in the Print dialog box.
2. Click the Microsoft Office Button , click PowerPoint Options, and then click Advanced.

3. Under When printing this document, click Use the most recently used print settings.
If you are creating transparencies for an overhead projector, see Set the slide size and orientation for
printing. PowerPoint automatically optimizes your slides for either black and white or color printers
Transfer Files and Data
There are several ways on how to transfer files and data between compatible systems using
computer software, hardware and peripherals devices. You need to know the following:
1. Files such as documents, pictures, music and email.
2. Peripherals or hardware this is where you can transfer from one device to another just like
computer to flash disk or vice versa, cellphone to cellphone, computer to computer and so on.
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Some of the hardware/peripherals devices and applications used to transfer files:
1. Universal Serial Bus (USB)
2. External Hard Drive
3. Share it
4. Cellphones
5.
6. Bluetooth
7. Modem/router
Some of the most popular online storage in year 2020:
1. Google drive
2. icloud drive
3. Dropbox
4. OneDrive
5. Nextdrive
Ways to transfer Files and Data

1. Computer to computer
In this way, you will use a local connection or router either wired or wireless connections
where the computers are connected to the same network to meet and can transfer files to each
other. Some are using third party to install and use in transferring files from each other like
Zinstall Winwin. You can download the software in this website
http://www.zinstall.com/download-zinstall-winwin.
Figure 1. Transfer files from computer to computer
2. Computer to External storage device

Here, you need of course an external storage just like flash disk or memory card where
you can transfer files from computer to external storage or vice versa.
How to tranfer?
1. Make sure you have wire connectors if you want to transfer files from mobile phone and
external hard drive to computer and vice versa.
Figure 2. Transfer files from computer to external drives
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3. Mobile Phone to Mobile Phone
In these two same devices, Bluetooth connection should be turned on in order to

transfer files from each other. Others prefer to use the ShareIt applications because it is
very fast and easy to install.
Others are preferred to use a third party software called ShareIt
Figure 3. Transfer files from Mobile Phone to Mobile
1. Computer, Cellphone, Laptop to Online Storage
You can transfer files from computers and cellphones or vice versa easily using cloud
storage services like OneDrive, Dropbox or Google drive.
How to transfer files?
1. When transferring files from different devices to online storage, make sure you are
connected to the internet.
2. Internet access is needed when saving and transferring files.
3. Applications are available to download and install for easy access of the online
storage.
Figure 4. Transfer files from different storage to Online storage

Self-Check 4.1
A.IDENFICATION
Directions: Identify and arrange the steps of Printing Document given below in proper order. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
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Printing Document
Steps
1. When the print dialog box appears, select the printer you want to use (if it is not already selected)
and select the number of copies to print.
2. Click OK.
3. If you were to open a program, you would need to type text into the document. If you were to get
on the internet, you could skip to step 7.
4. If you were to print a page or pages from the internet, follow steps 3, 4, 5, and 6, except you don't
have to type text into a document to print.
5. Open a program that allows you to insert text into a document or get on the internet.
6. After you have typed text into the document, you need to locate the menu bar, click on file, then
point to print.
7. Click on print
B. ENUMERATION
Directions: Enumerate the following questions.
1-5. give at least 5 hardware/peripherals devices and applications used to transfer files.
6-10. enumerate the online storage stated in our discussion.

Operation Sheet 4.1
1. Select MS word and input your personal information
4. Transfer your MS word file created into my computer
5. Print the MS word file you’ve transferred
Scoring Rubrics
Was the task accomplished?
No
YES
Task
1. Select MS word and input your personal
information
4. Transfer your MS word file you’ve created into
my computer
5. Print the MS word file you’ve transferred
54 | P a g e
15Excellent
Highest Score 15
12Very Good
9Good
6Fair 3 and belowPoor
Use basic functions of a WWW browser to

Lesson 5 locate information
1. Establish information requirements for internet search
2. Launch browser
3. Load search engine
4. Enter appropriate search criteria/ or URL of site
5. Follow relevant links to locate required information
6. Bookmark useful pages and print as required
Introduction
In the early age, researching of information is quite hard and challenging. You need to locate the
book and the author name in order to research in the library. Today locating information is being made
easy. In just one click, you can see many options to choose from the same topic.
What is World Wide Web?
World Wide Web, which is also known as a Web, is a collection of websites or web pages stored
in web servers and connected to local computers
through the internet. These websites contain text pages,
digital images, audios, videos, etc. Users can access
the content of these sites from any part of the world
over the internet using their devices such as computers,
laptops, cell phones, etc. The WWW, along with
internet, enables the retrieval and display of text and
media to your device.
The building blocks of the Web are web pages
which are formatted in HTML and connected by links called "hypertext" or hyperlinks and accessed by
HTTP. These links are electronic connections that link related pieces of information so that users can
access the desired information quickly. Hypertext offers the advantage to select a word or phrase from
text and thus to access other pages that provide additional information related to that word or phrase.
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A web page is given an online address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A particular
collection of web pages that belong to a specific URL is called a website,
e.g., www.facebook.com, www.google.com, etc. So, the World Wide Web is like a huge electronic book
whose pages are stored on multiple servers across the world.
Small websites store all of their WebPages on a single server, but big websites or organizations
place their WebPages on different servers in different countries so that when users of a country search
their site they could get the information quickly from the nearest server.
So, the web provides a communication platform for users to retrieve and exchange information
over the internet. Unlike a book, where we move from one page to another in a sequence, on World
Wide Web we follow a web of hypertext links to visit a web page and from that web page to move to
other web pages. You need a browser, which is installed on your computer, to access the Web.
Difference between World Wide Web and Internet:
Some people use the terms 'internet' and 'World Wide Web'
interchangeably. They think they are the same thing, but it is not so.
Internet is entirely different from WWW. It is a worldwide network of
devices like computers, laptops, tablets, etc. It enables users to send
emails to other users and chat with them online. For example, when you
send an email or chatting with someone online, you are using the internet.
But, when you have opened a website like google.com for information, you are using the World Wide
Web; a network of servers over the internet. You request a webpage from your computer using a
browser, and the server renders that page to your browser. Your computer is called a client who runs a
program (web browser), and asks the other computer (server) for the information it needs.
How the World Wide Web Works?
Now, we have understood that WWW is a collection of websites

connected to the internet so that people can search and share
information. Now, let us understand how it works!
The Web works as per the internet's basic client-server format as

shown in the following image. The servers store and transfer web
pages or information to user's computers on the network when
requested by the users. A web server is a software program which
serves the web pages requested by web users using a browser. The
computer of a user who requests documents from a server is known
as a client. Browser, which is installed on the user' computer, allows
users to view the retrieved documents.
All the websites are stored in web servers. Just as

someone lives on rent in a house, a website occupies
a space in a server and remains stored in it. The
server hosts the website whenever a user requests its
WebPages, and the website owner has to pay the
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hosting price for the same.
The moment you open the browser and type a URL in the address bar or search something on Google,
the WWW starts working. There are three main technologies involved in transferring information (web
pages) from servers to clients (computers of users). These technologies include Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Web browsers.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML):

HTML is a standard markup language which is used for creating web pages. It describes the structure of
web pages through HTML elements or tags. These tags are used to organize the pieces of content such
as 'heading,' 'paragraph,' 'table,' 'Image,' and more. You don't see HTML tags when you open a
webpage as browsers don't display the tags and use them only to render the content of a web page. In
simple words, HTML is used to display text, images, and other resources through a Web browser.
Web Browser:
A web browser, which is commonly known as a browser, is a program that displays text, data, pictures,
videos, animation, and more. It provides a software interface that allows you to click hyperlinked
resources on the World Wide Web. When you double click the Browser icon installed on your computer
to launch it, you get connected to the World Wide Web and can search Google or type a URL into the
address bar.
In the beginning, browsers were used only for browsing due to their limited potential. Today, they are
more advanced; along with browsing you can use them for e-mailing, transferring multimedia files, using
social media sites, and participating in online discussion groups and more. Some of the commonly used
browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and more.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer
protocol which enables WWW to work smoothly and effectively.
It is based on a client-server model. The client is a web browser
which communicates with the web server which hosts the
website. This protocol defines how messages are formatted and
transmitted and what actions the Web Server and browser
should take in response to different commands. When you enter
a URL in the browser, an HTTP command is sent to the Web
server, and it transmits the requested Web Page.
When we open a website using a browser, a connection to the web server is opened, and the
browser communicates with the server through HTTP and sends a request. HTTP is carried over TCP/IP
to communicate with the server. The server processes the browser's request and sends a response, and
then the connection is closed. Thus, the browser retrieves content from the server for the user.
What is a search engine?

A search engine is a web-based tool that enables users to locate information on the World Wide Web.
Popular examples of search engines are Google, Yahoo!, and MSN Search. Search engines utilize
automated software applications (referred to as robots, bots, or spiders) that travel along the Web,
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following links from page to page, site to site. The information gathered by the spiders is used to create a
searchable index of the Web.
Using search engines
With billions of websites online today, there is a lot of information on the Internet. Search engines make
this information easier to find. Let's look at the basics of using a search engine, as well as some
techniques you can use to get better search results.
List of Top 12 Best Search Engines in the World:

1. Google
2. Bing
3. Yahoo
4. Baidu
5. AOL
6. Ask.com
7. Excite
8. DuckDuckGo
9. Wolfram Alpha
10. Yandex
11. Lycos
12. Chaca.com
How to search the Web
There are many different search engines you can use, but some of the most popular
include Google, Yahoo!, and Bing. To perform a search, you'll need to navigate to a search engine in
your web browser, type one or more keywords—also known as search terms—then press Enter on your
keyboard. In this example, we'll search for recipes.
After you run a search, you'll see a list of relevant websites that match your search terms. These
are commonly known as search results. If you see a site that looks interesting, you can click a link to
open it. If the site doesn't have what you need, you can simply return to the results page to look for more
options.
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Most browsers also allow you to perform a web search directly from your address bar, although
some have a separate search bar next to the address bar. Simply type your search terms and
press Enter to run the search.
Search suggestions
If you don't find what you're looking for on the first try, don't worry! Search engines are good at finding
things online, but they're not perfect. You'll often need to try different search terms to find what you're
looking for.
If you're having trouble thinking of new search terms, you can use search suggestions instead. These
will usually appear as you're typing, and they're a great way to find new keywords you might not have
tried otherwise. To use a search suggestion, you can click it with your mouse, or select it with the arrow
keys on your keyboard.
Refining your search

If you're still having trouble finding exactly what you need, you can use some special characters to help
refine your search. For example, if you want to exclude a word from a search, you can type a hyphen (-)
at the beginning of a
word. So if you wanted to
find cookie recipes that
don't include chocolate, you
could search for recipes
cookies - chocolate.
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You can also search for exact words or phrases to narrow down your results even more. All you need to
do is place quotation marks (" ") around the desired search terms. For example, if you search
for recipes "sugar cookies", your search results will only include recipes for sugar cookies, instead of any
cookies that happen to use sugar as an ingredient.
These techniques may come in handy in certain cases, but you probably won't need to use them with
most searches. Search engines can usually figure out what you're looking for without these extra
characters. We recommend trying a few different search suggestions before using this method.
Content-specific searches
There may be times when you're looking for something more specific, like a news article, picture,
or video. Most search engines have links at the top of the page that allow you to perform these unique
searches.
In the example
below, we've used the same search terms to look for images instead of websites. If you see an image
you like, you can click to visit the website it originally came from.
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You can use the extra search tools to narrow down your results even more. These tools will
change based on the type of content you're looking for, but in this example we can filter our images
by size, color, image type, and more. So if you wanted to find cookies with pink frosting, you could
search for images that are mostly pink.

Self-Check 5.1
A.IDENFICATION
1. _________ is an application layer protocol which enables WWW to work smoothly and
effectively.
2. _________ is a collection of websites or web pages stored in web servers and connected to local
computers through the internet
3. _________ is used for creating web pages.
4. _________ is a program that displays text, data, pictures, videos, animation, and more.
5. _________ is a web-based tool that enables users to locate information on the World Wide Web
B. ENUMERATION
Directions: Enumerate the following questions.
1-10. give at least 10 search engine.
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Operation Sheet 5.1
1. Open any browser installed
2. Go to Google search engine
3. Search history of www
Scoring Rubrics
Was the task accomplished?
No
YES
Task
1. Open any browser installed
2. Go to Google search engine
3. Search history of www

Highest Score 15 15Good
10Fair 5Poor
Lesson 6 Maintain computer equipment and systems
1. Implement procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular backups and virus checks
in accordance with standards operating procedures
2. Implement basic file maintenance procedures in line with the standards operating procedures
Introduction
Computer maintenance is very important for keeping your computer running smoothly. A computer
which is left untreated can accumulate dust and debris, which may result on slow performance.
Additionally, your computer may get infected with virus or malware if your antivirus is not updated.
Maintenance of Computer System
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Perhaps you have handpicked the finest computer with the selected fastest processor and
graphic card and with a few gigabytes of memory. So, you thought to yourself that your machine
is probably going to sustain you for the next five (5) years. But little did you discover that some six
months down the road, your computer is behaving like a Pentium computer, perpetually flustering
you with its choppy images, frustrating pop-ups and tremendously slow disk access. Gradually,
your computer crashes and all your data is lost on one fine afternoon.
One thing you have probably missed out is the need for system maintenance. The basic routine
maintenance comprises of the 3 basic processes.
3 Basic Processes
1. Data Backup
2. Malware Maintenance
3. Disk or File Maintenance
Data Backup
Backing up basically means creating a redundant copy of a data so that in case anything
happens to the original data, you have a spare copy. This is typically a simple thing to do.
What data should I back up?

In general, you should back up any work or data that cannot be replaced easily. Some examples
are word processing documents, spreadsheets, databases (for financial data), customer data, and
personal files such as pictures, music files, emails, etc.
As a rule of thumb, do not backup programs or system folders. Programs will need to be
reinstalled before you can run them and system folders can be restored from your operating system
install disc. Be sure to save program installation discs, operating system discs, and registration
information in a safe place. If you have downloaded any of your applications, you should save the install
files whenever possible.
Malware Maintenance
Malware refers to any kind of malicious codes, objects or content that infiltrates your computer,
resulting in damage and causing your system to act in an undesirable manner. Commonly, these
include viruses, spyware, worms, trojan horses, spams and many more. When you are infected, you
can lose your privacy, confidential data, and access to your system when software and hardware are
damaged. Fortunately, there are a couple of
preventive measures you can take to protect yourself
from malware.
One thing you can do to scan the file for any
virus infection before you attempt to open it. If the
scan shows nothing, it is probably a safe file. But then
again, it may be a new virus yet to be updated in your
virus scan. You can either wait and apply the next
virus signature update and perform a second scan or
risk it all and open the file.
Disk Maintenance
Did anyone tell you that your hard disk is a tricky machine? When you first installed your
operating system, you may be pleased to know how smooth and efficient your software applications
are running. But gradually, it slows down and this bothers you. What truly causes the decline in
performance? You may argue that your disk is just a couple of months old. This has much to do with
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the way you operate on your system. Try to imagine a big tool bucket filled with gadgets.
Initially, the bucket only contains a few spanners, a hammer and some screws. So every time
you search for a particular item, it is relatively easy to find. But soon as you keep filling the bucket with
all sorts of items and especially when the amount of items grows, you will discover that you may need
more time just to search for a particular screw head. In such cases, uninstall any unnecessary software
and defragment your disk. Typically, your system performance will decline when the amount of data in
your hard disk starts to grow.
Disk cleanup in Windows 10

To delete temporary files:
1. In the search box on the taskbar, type disk cleanup, and select Disk Cleanup from the
list of results.
2. Select the drive you want to clean up, and then select OK.
3. Under Files to delete, select the file types to get rid of. To get a description of the file
type, select it.
4. Select OK.
If you need to free up more space, you can also delete system files:
1. In Disk Cleanup, select Clean up system files.
2. Select the file types to get rid of. To get a description of the file type, select it.
3. Select OK.

Self-Check 6.1
A.IDENFICATION
Disk cleanup in Windows 10

Steps
To delete temporary files:
1. Select the drive you want to clean up, and then select OK.
2. Select OK.
3. Under Files to delete, select the file types to get rid of. To get a description of the file
type, select it.
4. In the search box on the taskbar, type disk cleanup, and select Disk Cleanup from the
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list of results.
If you need to free up more space, you can also delete system files:
1. Select OK.
2. Select the file types to get rid of. To get a description of the file type, select it.
3. In Disk Cleanup, select Clean up system files.
B.ENUMERATION
Directions: Enumerate the following. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1-3. give the 3 Basic Processes for system maintenance

Operation Sheet 6.1
Directions: Use the appropriate hardware/software to do each of the following tasks.

1. Select an MS word file and create back up by copying original files and store somewhere else
2. Open any anti-virus application installed and scan for viruses
3. Perform computer disk clean up
Scoring Rubrics
Was the task
Task accomplished?
YES No
1. Select an MS word file and create back up by
copying original files and store somewhere else
2. Open any anti-virus application installed and
scan for viruses
3. Perform computer disk clean up
For Total Score

Highest Score 15
15Good
10Fair 5Poor
MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
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MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes and values needed identify, care, handle
and use measuring instruments.
LO 1 Select measuring instruments
 Identify object/s or component to be measured
 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
 Select measuring tools in the line with the job requirements
LO 2 Carry Out Measurements and Calculation
 Select appropriate measuring instrument to achieve required outcome
 Obtain accurate measurements for job
 Perform calculation needed to complete task using the for mathematical fundamental operations
addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x), and division (/)
 Use calculation involving fractions, percentages and mixed number to complete workplace task
 Self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy
 Read instruments to the limit of accuracy of the tool
CONDITIONS:
 Place of assessment
 Measuring instruments
 Straight edge
 Torque gauge
 Try square
 Protractor
 Combination gauge
 Steel rule
Definition of Terms
LO 1 Select measuring instruments Read and understand the information sheet
 Answer Self-Check 1.1 sample guide. Check yourself by answering
 Answer Operation Sheet 1.1 the self-check, activity sheet and by
LO 2 Assess own Work performing the operation sheet. You must
 Read Information Sheet 2.1 complete all the requirements before
 Answer Self-Check 2.1 proceeding to the next activity.
Definition of Terms
Bit -
A fundamental unit of information having just two possible values, as
either of the binary digits 0 or 1.
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Byte - A unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications
that most commonly consists of eight bits.
Booting - Starting (a computer) by loading an operating system from a disk.
Electronic storage - A device for recording (storing) information (data).
Firewire - Apple Computer's version of a standard, IEEE 1394, High
Performance Serial Bus, for connecting devices to your personal
computer.
Hot-swappable - The connection and disconnection of peripherals or other
components without interrupting system operation.
Interface - The point of interaction or communication between a computer and
any other entity, such as a printer or human operator.
Laser - A device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a
process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of
photons.
Magnetic platter - A thin, high precision disk that is coated on both sides with a high
precision magnetic material and which is used in a hard disk drive
(HDD) to store data.
Memory module - A narrow printed circuit board that holds memory chips.
Magnetic storage media - any storage medium in which different patterns of magnetization are
used to represent stored bits or bytes of information
Operating system - A set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and
provide common services for application software.
Optical storage media - Any storage in which data is written and read with a laser for archival
or backup purposes.
Lesson 1 Select measuring instruments

1. Identify object/s or component to be measured
2. Obtain correct specification from relevant source
3. Select measuring tools with job requirements
Introduction
MEMORY
Although memory is technically any form of electronic storage, it is

used most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage. If your
computer's CPU had to constantly access the hard drive to retrieve every
piece of data it needs, it would operate very slowly. When the information
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is kept in memory, the CPU can access it much more quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to
store data temporarily.
The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes from permanent
storage (the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data go in random access memory (RAM) first.
The CPU then stores pieces of data it will need to access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special
instructions in the register.
Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions that
can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the
operating system are stored in ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even when the computer is
powered down. The contents cannot be erased or changed by normal means.
Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being
accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the
computer is powered off.
Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips. The individual memory chip,
called dual inline package (DIP) chips, was difficult to install and often became loose on the
motherboard. To solve this problem, designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board
called a memory module.
Here are some types of memory modules:
Dual Inline Package (DIP)
Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM)
Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM)
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RAMBus Inline Memory Module (RIMM)
Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module(SODIMM).
SIMMs have 30-pin and 72-pin configurations. DIMM is a circuit board that holds SDRAM, DDR
SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.
The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can process because
faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As processor speed increases, memory
speed must also increase. For example, single-channel memory is capable of transferring data at 64
bits. Dual-channel memory increases speed by using a second channel of memory, creating a data
transfer rate of 128 bits.
Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. DDR2 offers
faster performance while using less energy. DDR3 operates at even higher speeds than DDR2;
however, none of these DDR technologies are backward- or forward compatible.
Even with a wide and fast bus, it still takes longer for data to get from the memory card to the
CPU than it takes for the CPU to actually process the data. Caches are designed to alleviate this
bottleneck by making the data used most often by the CPU instantly available.
Registers are memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific data needed by the CPU,
particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU). An integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled
directly by the compiler that sends information for the CPU to process.
STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media. The drive can be
used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a media disk. Storage drives can be
installed inside the computer case, such as a hard drive. For portability, some storage drives can
connect to the computer using a USB port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port. These portable storage
drives are sometimes referred to as removable drives and can be used on multiple computers. Here are
some common types of storage drives: Floppy drive, Hard drive, Optical drive and Flash drive.
Floppy Drive
A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses removable 3.5-
inch floppy disks. These magnetic floppy disks can
store 720 KB or1.44 MB of data. In a computer,
the floppy drive is usually configured as the A:
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drive. The floppy drive can be used to boot the computer if it contains a bootable floppy disk. A 5.25-inch
floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.
Hard Drive
A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that is
installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent
storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and
applications. The hard drive is often configured as the first drive in the
boot sequence. The storage capacity of a hard drive is measured in
billions of bytes, or gigabytes (GB). The speed of a hard drive is
measured in revolutions per minute (RPM).
Multiple hard drives can be added to increase storage capacity. Traditional hard drives are magnetic.
Magnetic hard drives have dri…ve motors designed to spin magnetic platters and the drive heads. In
contrast, the newer solid state drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts. Because there are no drive
motors and moving parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive. Non-volatile flash
memory chips manage all storage on an SSD, which results in faster access to data, higher reliability,
and reduced power usage. SSDs have the same form factor as magnetic hard drives and use ATA or
SATA interfaces. SSDs can be installed as a replacement for magnetic drives.
Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the
optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blue-ray Disc (BD).CD, DVD, and BD
media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or
rewritable(read and write multiple times).
External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage
device that connects to a USB port. An external flash drive uses the same type of
non-volatile memory chips as solid state drives and does not require power to
maintain the data. These drives can be accessed by the operating system in the
same way that other types of drives are accessed.
Types of Drive Interfaces

Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are used to connect the
drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer, the connection interface on the drive must
be the same as the controller on the motherboard. Here are some common drive interfaces:
 IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is
an early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk drives. An IDE
interface uses a 40-pin connector.
 SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface.
ASATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
 SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can connect
up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. An SCSI interface
uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
What Is System Information Software?
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A system information software or PC information software is a tool that tells you the detailed
specifications of your computer. A good system information tool tells you everything from RAM usage
and CPU usage to what type of graphics memory you have and so on.
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10 Best System Information Software 2019
1. Speccy
2. Everest Home Edition
3. Wise System Monitor
4. HWiNFO
5. CPUz And GPUz
6. HWMonitor
7. Belarc Advisor
8. Astra32
9. Sandra Lite
10. Agaue Eye

Self-Check 1.1
Directions: Give the meaning of the acronyms given below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. CPU –
2. IDE –
3. ALU –
4. SATA –
5. HDD –
B. MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
___ 1. Chips that located on the motherboard. A. Registers
___ 2. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside B. Flash drive or Thumb drive
the computer.
___ 3. Early drive controller interface that connects C. Read-only memory
computers and hard disk drives which an
interface that uses a 40-pin connector.
___ 4. Temporary storage for data and programs that D. IDE
are being accessed by the CPU.
___ 5. A storage device that uses lasers to read data E. Floppy drive
on the optical media.
___ 6. A storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch F. Random access memory
disks.
___ 7. Soldered the memory chips on a special circuit G. Optical drive
board.
___ 8. A removable storage device that connects to a H. DDR
USB port.
___ 9. Memory cells built right into the CPU that contain I. Hard drive
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specific data needed particularly the Arithmetic
and Logic Unit.
___ 10. Technology that doubles the maximum J. Memory module
bandwidth of SDRAM.

Operation Sheet 1.1
Directions: Use the appropriate hardware/software and to do each of the following tasks.
1. Using the system information software measure the capacity or speed of memory, data storage,
processor and video card of the computer system unit.
Scoring Rubrics
# of measured
Task computer system
units
1. Using the system information software measure the capacity or speed of
memory, data storage, processor and video card of the computer system unit.
For Total Score

2 points for every number of measured computer system unit
Highest possible Score 20
18+Excellent
14 – 16Very Good
10 –12 Good
Carry Out Measurements and

Lesson 2 Calculation
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1. Obtain accurate measurement for job
2. Perform calculation needed to complete task using the for mathematical fundamental
operations addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x), and division (/)
3. Use calculation involving fractions, percentages and mixed number to complete
workplace task
4. Self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy
Introduction
The Binary System History
The concept of using two symbols to encode information is an old one. African bush tribes sent
messages via a combination of high and low pitches. Australian aborigines and New Guinea Tribesman
counted by two's. Even more recently, Morse code consists of groups of dots and dashes which
represents letters of the alphabet in another two-symbol code.
Timeline
In 1666, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz wrote the essay "De Arte Combinatoria" which laid a
method for expressing all things in law of thought which consists of precision
mathematics.
In the 19th Century, British mathematician George Boole invents

the system of symbolic logic call Boolean algebra.
In 1867, Charles Sanders Peirce introduces Boolean algebra to the United States.
In 1936 Claude Shannon bridges the gap between algebraic theory and practical
application.
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital

binary format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and
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represents the smallest piece of data. Humans interpret words and pictures; computers interpret only
patterns of bits.
A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit can be used to represent
the state of something that has two states. For example, a light switch can be either On or Off; in binary
representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0, respectively.
Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and special characters with bits.
A commonly used code is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII,
each character is represented by a string of bits. For example:
Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011
Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is known as a byte. Codes
can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: computer data, graphics, photos, voice,
video, and music.
CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY
To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the number by 2. Get the quotient
and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and remainder again. Do
it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary
equivalent.
Example: 25
Quotient Remainder
25/2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
25 = 11001
Checking:
16 8 4 2 1 decimal value
1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 0 0 1 results
16+8+1 = 25
Binary
210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Evaluate Decimal
Value
Decimal Number
1024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Value
1 1 1
1 1 0 4+2+0 6
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1 0 1 0 8+0+2+1 10
1 0 1 1 0 16+0+4+2+0 22
1 0 1 1 0 1 32+0+8+4+0+1 45
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 64+0+0+0+4+2+1 71
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 128+0+0+16+0+0+0+1 145
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 256+128+64+0+0+0+0+2+0 450
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 512+256+0+0+0+16+0+0+2+1 787
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1024+0+0+128+64+0+0+0+0+2+1 1219
CALCULATING DATA STORAGE
While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital storage is the byte. A byte
is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure (UOM) used to represent data storage capacity.
When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes
(GB), and terabytes (TB).
One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024. A megabyte represents more
than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776.
The exact number is gained by taking 2^n power.
In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the greater the number
of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from a digital camera will use around 360KB, and
a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB or more.
Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure the size or storage
capacity of a device. Examples of components and devices that use byte storage include: random
access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3players.
CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs have a data storage capacity of
approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc, and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs have a
storage capacity of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.
Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of bytes being used. For
example:
A file is 20 KB in size
1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
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If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then approximately a total of
51 files can be stored in that folder (1,048,576 / 20,480 = 512).

Self-Check 2.1
A. IDENTIFICATION
Directions: In calculating data storage: Give the name of the given symbols below. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. MB -
2. KB -
3. TB -
4. GB -
5. PB -
B.MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Select the best answer of the given choices. Write the letter your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the value of decimal number 65 in binary?

A. 1000001
B. 1010001
C. 1111000
D. 110111
A. 100100
B. 1010001
C. 1000001
D. 1110001

A. 101101
B. 100100
C. 111110
D. 100011
A. 1111000
B. 1001111
C. 1100111
D. 1000001
A. 111001
B. 111110
C. 101111
D. 110111
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6. If a 20 KB mp3 file is stored in a 1 MB folder. How many mp3 file can be stored?
A. 51
B. 65
C. 25
D. 34
7. If a 5 MB image file is stored in a 1 GB folder. How many image file can be stored?
A. 175
B. 155
C. 204
D. 242
8. If a 355 MB video file is stored in a 1 GB folder. How many video file can be stored?
A. 5
B. 3
C. 1
D. 2
9. If a 565 KB mp3 file is stored in a 1 GB folder. How many mp3 file can be stored?
A. 1855
B. 2023
C. 1555
D. 220
10. If a 225 KB mp3 file is stored in a 2 MB folder. How many mp3 file can be stored?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 9
D. 6
Activity Sheet 2.1
Directions: Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary show your solution. Perform checking
to verify answers.
1) 19
2) 28
3) 37
MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
MODULE TITLE : PERFORMING MENSURATION AND CALCULATION
78 | P a g e
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes and values needed identify, care, handle
and use measuring instruments.
LO 1 Select measuring instruments
 Identify object/s or component to be measured
 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
 Select measuring tools in the line with the job requirements
LO 2 Carry Out Measurements and Calculation
 Select appropriate measuring instrument to achieve required outcome
 Obtain accurate measurements for job
 Perform calculation needed to complete task using the for mathematical fundamental operations
addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x), and division (/)
 Use calculation involving fractions, percentages and mixed number to complete workplace task
 Self-check and correct numerical computation for accuracy
 Read instruments to the limit of accuracy of the tool
CONDITIONS:
 Place of assessment
 Measuring instruments
 Straight edge
 Torque gauge
 Try square
 Protractor
 Combination gauge
 Steel rule
Definition of Terms
LO 1 Select measuring instruments Read and understand the information sheet
 Answer Self-Check 1.1 sample guide. Check yourself by answering
 Answer Operation Sheet 1.1 the self-check, activity sheet and by
LO 2 Assess own Work performing the operation sheet. You must
 Read Information Sheet 2.1 complete all the requirements before
 Answer Self-Check 2.1 proceeding to the next activity.
79 | P a g e

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QUARTER 1 - MODULE 1

QUALIFICATION : Computer Systems Servicing NC II

Checklist - help organize data by category

Lesson 1 Assessing quality of received materials

What Do You Need To Know?

Information Sheet 1.1

Characteristics of Materials Used in Specific Projects

 suitable for the application/purposes

Fault Identification and Reporting

These are the things to be considered when:

3. That the materials are in acceptable condition.

4. That terms regarding installation and/or set-up of equipment are met.

Whenever goods are received:

1. The person receiving the goods must document, using the

2. Any exceptions must be noted so that partial payments can be

D. Make an Inventory Report of the Materials

1.) act as Quality Checker;

3.) must generate reports when receiving the equipment’s.

Example of Log Report (to be completed by the Quality checker)

Date Item Quality

Quality Checker: Date:

Item Name Total no. in Total no. Comments

How Much Have You Learned?

A. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Give three factors to be considered when choosing the right material?

2. Give three characteristic of materials to be used for specific project?

3. Give four things to be considered when receiving materials?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity.

Activity Sheet 1.1

Lesson 2 Assessing own work

What Do You Need To Know?

Information Sheet 2.1

Workplace Procedure is a set of written instructions that identifies the

A safe working procedure should be written when:

 designing a new job or task

The safe working procedure should identify:

ELEMENT PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

OHS Management Issues

TYPES AND WORK-RELATED ERRORS

A. Quantity of work (untimely completion, limited production)

1. Poor prioritizing, timing, scheduling

 Tardiness, absenteeism, leaving without permission

B. Quality of work (failure to meet quality standards)

2. Failure to meet expectations for product quality, cost or service

4. Spoilage and/or waste of materials

5. Inappropriate or poor work methods

Work Behavior Which Result in Performance Problems

A. Inappropriate behavior (often referred to as "poor attitude")

 Negativism, lack of cooperation, hostility

 Unwillingness, refusal or inability to update skills

 Inappropriate communication style: over-aggressive, passive

 Destructive humor, sarcasm, horseplay, fighting

D. Inappropriate physical behavior

 Smoking, eating, drinking in inappropriate places

Information Sheet 2.2

Specific quality standards for:

In production process, checking of quality assurance must be highly considered. Quality

A valuable process to perform on a whole consumer product is failure testing, the

The company-wide quality approach places an emphasis on three

1. Elements such as controls, job management, adequate processes,

D. Total quality control

Table 1.2.2 Quality System Elements.

According to Turban et al, 2002, “Customer service is a series