MUHAMMAD MUDASIR USMAN

CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
Task 1: Workers’ responsibilities in the workplace

1 The injured worker, and their fellow worker, may have contravened some of
their responsibilities as workers within International Labour Organisation
Convention C155 – Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981
(No.155) Article 19 and associated Recommendation R164 – Occupational
Safety and Health Recommendation, 1981 (No.164) recommendation 16.

Comment on the extent to which Article 19 of C155 and recommendation 16

of R164 may have been contravened. (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant
information from the scenario.

ANSWER:
Based on the provided scenario, here are the potential contraventions of Article 19 of the International
Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention C155 and recommendation 16 of Recommendation R164:
1. Failure to report safety concerns:
The temporary worker did not report the faulty compactor or the absence of a first-aider to their
supervisor or the store manager, as recommended in Article 19 and recommendation 16. They should have
raised the issue to ensure appropriate action was taken.
2. Failure to follow safety instructions:
The experienced worker loaded the compactor with the cardboard despite the warning signs
specifying "authorized workers only." This action goes against the recommended practices outlined in
Article 19 and recommendation 16, which emphasize following safety protocols and instructions.
3. Lack of training:
The temporary workers were not provided with adequate job descriptions, instruction, or training
on how to perform their tasks safely. This omission violates the recommendation of providing clear
instructions and training, as stated in recommendation 16.
4. Failure to seek clarification:
Workers who did not fully understand the safe operating procedure for the compactor sought
clarification from their shift managers. However, instead of providing the necessary guidance, the
managers viewed the workers' requests as complaints, which discourages workers from seeking
clarification as recommended in Article 19 and recommendation 16.
5. Discouragement of reporting safety concerns:

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CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
The response of threatening workers with discipline, warnings, or dismissal for raising safety
concerns further contravenes Article 19 and recommendation 16. These actions discourage workers from
reporting potential hazards and defects.
6. Insufficient supervision:
The scenario mentions limited supervision and the absence of written training records for
temporary workers. This lack of proper supervision and documented training undermines the
implementation of effective occupational safety and health practices, as recommended by the ILO.
7. Inadequate induction:
The brief two-minute video induction on company values provided to the temporary workers fails
to meet the recommended standards for thorough induction and training, as outlined in recommendation
16. Workers should have received comprehensive instruction on safety policies, procedures, and reporting
mechanisms.
8. Disregard for safety protocols:
The experienced worker attempted to clear the jam in the compactor by reaching inside while the
machine was still operational. This action disregards the safety precautions outlined in the recommended
practices of Article 19 and recommendation 16.
9. Failure to recognize and respond to hazards:
Both the experienced worker and the temporary worker proceeded to operate the faulty compactor,
despite being aware of the safety protection device malfunction. This failure to recognize and respond to
the potential hazard is contrary to the principles of safety and health emphasized in the ILO Convention
and recommendation.
10. Absence of an appointed first-aider:
The scenario indicates that there was no first-aider working at the time of the accident. This
contravenes the recommendation to have adequately trained personnel available to provide immediate
assistance in case of injuries or emergencies, as stated in recommendation 16.

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 MUHAMMAD MUDASIR USMAN
CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
Task 2: Influencing health and safety culture

2 To improve health and safety performance in the supermarket, you know that
you need to positively influence health and safety culture.

What appear to be the negative indicators of health and safety culture at the
supermarket? (20)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant
information from the scenario.

ANSWER:
Negative Indicators of Health and Safety Culture at the Supermarket:
1. Lack of written job descriptions:
The absence of written job descriptions indicates a lack of clarity and understanding regarding the
roles and responsibilities of workers, which can lead to confusion and potential safety risks.
2. Limited instruction and training:
The temporary workers receive limited instruction and training about how to perform their tasks
safely. This lack of proper training increases the likelihood of accidents and injuries.
3. Insufficient supervision:
There is limited supervision provided to the temporary workers, which means there is little
oversight to ensure that safety protocols are being followed correctly.
4. Lack of written training records:
The absence of written training records indicates a lack of accountability and makes it difficult to
assess whether workers have received the necessary training to perform their tasks safely.
5. Unawareness of health and safety policy:
The temporary workers are not aware of the company's health and safety policy, which means they
may not understand the importance of safety or know how to report hazards or incidents.
6. Threats and disciplinary measures:
Workers who raise safety concerns are met with threats of discipline, warnings, or even dismissal.
This creates a culture of fear and discourages workers from reporting safety issues.
7. Failure to complete a safe operating procedure (SOP):
The retirement of the day shift supervisor resulted in the incomplete development and
authorization of a safe operating procedure for the compactor machine. This lack of a formal SOP
increases the risk of accidents.
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CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
8. Inadequate response to equipment malfunction:
The store manager and the day shift manager were aware of the faulty compactor, but no immediate
action was taken to prevent its use or address the safety concern.
9. Lack of communication and follow-up:
The day shift manager failed to properly communicate the issue with the faulty compactor to the
night shift manager, leading to the accident. There was a lack of effective communication and follow-
up on safety matters.
10. Absence of a first-aider on shift:
At the time of the accident, there was no first-aider available to provide immediate assistance. This
indicates a lack of preparedness to handle medical emergencies.
11. Delayed accident investigation:
The store manager neglected to initiate an accident investigation promptly, demonstrating a
disregard for the seriousness of the incident and a lack of commitment to identifying and addressing
safety issues.
12. Focus on sales targets over safety:
The store manager's emphasis on meeting ambitious sales targets without regard for safety sends
a message that productivity is prioritized over employee well-being.
13. Previous history of claims by workers:
The scenario mentions that the supermarket has faced multiple compensation claims from injured
workers in the past. This suggests a recurring pattern of safety issues and a failure to address them
effectively.
14. Inadequate response to enforcement visits:
The compactor machine had previously been the subject of an enforcement visit, indicating a
failure to adequately address and rectify safety concerns identified by regulatory authorities.
15. Lack of emergency response protocols:
The temporary worker who witnessed the accident was unsure of what to do and had to directly
contact emergency services. This suggests a lack of established emergency response protocols or
training for workers.
16. Disregard for safety warnings:
Despite warning signs specifying that only authorized workers should use the compactor, the
experienced worker allowed the temporary worker to operate the machine, disregarding safety
protocols.
17. Failure to address recurring compactor jams:

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The compactor frequently jammed, but no corrective measures were taken to prevent this issue
from recurring, exposing workers to unnecessary risks when attempting to clear the jams.
18. Limited accountability for safety responsibilities:
The store manager shirked responsibility for the accident investigation, placing the burden solely
on the health and safety advisor. This lack of accountability demonstrates a negative attitude towards
safety management.
19. Lack of proactive hazard identification and risk assessment:
The absence of a thorough risk assessment for the compactor machine and the failure to promptly
address the faulty safety gate indicate a reactive rather than proactive approach to safety.
20. Absence of a safety-conscious mindset:
Overall, the scenario depicts a workplace culture that does not prioritize safety, with a lack of
awareness, inadequate training, insufficient supervision, and a dismissive attitude towards safety
concerns.

Task 3: Health and safety management roles and responsibilities

3 Comment on the effectiveness of roles and responsibilities in relation to health

and safety management in the supermarket. (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant
information from the scenario.

ANSWER:

The effectiveness of roles and responsibilities in relation to health and safety management in the
supermarket can be evaluated based on the scenario provided:
1. Lack of written job descriptions and limited instruction/training:
The absence of clear job descriptions and insufficient training for temporary workers indicates a lack
of effective communication and guidance regarding health and safety responsibilities.
2. Limited supervision:
The limited supervision further suggests that there is inadequate oversight and monitoring of health
and safety practices in the supermarket, which can lead to unsafe working conditions.
3. Absence of written training records:

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CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
The lack of written training records implies a failure to document and track the training provided to
employees, making it difficult to ensure that they are adequately prepared to perform their tasks safely.
4. Threats and disciplinary measures in response to safety concerns:
The store manager's response to safety concerns by threatening workers with discipline, warnings, or
dismissal creates a culture of fear and discourages employees from reporting potential hazards, hindering
effective health and safety management.
5. Failure to address a faulty safety protection device:
The store manager's knowledge of the faulty compactor safety protection device and their failure to
take immediate action, such as prohibiting its use or securing the area, highlights a lack of accountability
and responsibility in managing health and safety risks.
6. Inadequate communication during shift handover:
The day shift manager's brief communication about the faulty compactor without providing sufficient
details to the night shift manager indicates a lack of effective communication and information sharing
regarding health and safety issues.
7. Lack of first-aider on shift:
The absence of a first-aider during the night shift demonstrates a failure to ensure the presence of
trained personnel who can provide immediate medical assistance in the event of an accident or injury.
8. Delayed accident investigation:
The store manager's reluctance to initiate a proper accident investigation immediately and their
prioritization of sales targets over safety indicate a lack of commitment to health and safety management.
9. History of previous claims:
The mention of multiple previous claims by workers against the supermarket suggests a recurring
pattern of health and safety issues and a failure to address them effectively, highlighting the inadequate
management of health and safety responsibilities.
10. Lack of proactive approach:
The overall reactive approach to health and safety management, as evidenced by the lack of
comprehensive training, supervision, and a functioning safety protection device, indicates a failure to
proactively identify and mitigate risks, leading to an ineffective health and safety management system.
In conclusion, the roles and responsibilities related to health and safety management in the supermarket,
as depicted in the scenario, are ineffective. There is a lack of clear guidance, training, supervision, and
proactive measures, resulting in unsafe working conditions, a culture of fear, and a disregard for employee
well-being. Immediate attention is required to improve the effectiveness of health and safety management
in the supermarket.

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 MUHAMMAD MUDASIR USMAN
CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979

Task 4: Accident investigation and recommendations

4 (a) Why should the scene of the accident have been secured? (5)

(b) Based on the scenario only, what training would you recommend the
supermarket arranges for the different types of workers to minimise the
probability of a repeat accident? (15)
ANSWER (a):
Securing the scene of the accident is crucial for several reasons:
1) Preservation of evidence:
Securing the scene ensures that critical evidence related to the accident remains undisturbed and intact.
It allows investigators to accurately assess the circumstances surrounding the incident.
2) Safety of individuals:
By securing the scene, potential hazards or dangers can be identified and mitigated, reducing the risk
of further accidents or injuries to other workers or bystanders.
3) Preventing tampering or contamination:
Securing the accident scene prevents unauthorized personnel from tampering with evidence or altering
the scene in any way. This helps maintain the integrity of the investigation.
4) Reconstruction of events:
An intact accident scene enables investigators to reconstruct the sequence of events leading up to the
accident. This aids in understanding the causes and contributing factors involved.
5) Compliance with legal requirements:
Securing the accident scene is often a legal requirement. Failing to do so may lead to legal
complications and potential implications for the organization.
6) Ensuring accuracy in the investigation:
By securing the scene, investigators can gather information and interview witnesses without
interference, allowing for a more accurate and thorough investigation.
7) Establishing accountability:
Securing the scene helps establish accountability and responsibility for the accident. It ensures that all
relevant parties are identified and involved in the investigation process.
It is important to note that securing the accident scene should be done promptly and effectively to
maximize its benefits for the investigation process.

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CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979

Task 4: Accident investigation and recommendations

4 (a) Why should the scene of the accident have been secured? (5)

(b) Based on the scenario only, what training would you recommend the
supermarket arranges for the different types of workers to minimise
the probability of a repeat accident? (15)

ANSWER (b):
To minimize the probability of a repeat accident, the supermarket should arrange the following training
for different types of workers:
1. Comprehensive Induction Training:
All workers, including permanent and temporary employees, should receive a thorough induction
training session covering essential health and safety information. This should include an overview of the
company's health and safety policy, reporting procedures, and the importance of following safety
protocols.
2. Job-Specific Training:
Each worker should receive specific training related to their job responsibilities. This should
include proper techniques for shelf-stacking, handling and transporting cardboard boxes, and any other
tasks they may be assigned. Emphasis should be placed on safety measures and the correct use of
equipment.
3. Compactor Training:
Workers authorized to operate the compactor machine should undergo comprehensive training on
its safe use and maintenance. This training should cover the machine's operating procedures, emergency
shutdown protocols, and the importance of never attempting to clear jams without proper training and
authorization.
4. SOP Familiarization:
All workers should be familiarized with the safe operating procedures (SOPs) for different tasks
and equipment. This should include a clear understanding of the compactor's SOP and the importance of
adhering to it at all times.
5. Hazard Awareness Training:
Workers should receive training on identifying and reporting hazards in the workplace. This should
include recognizing potential risks associated with machinery, handling heavy loads, and any other
specific hazards present in the supermarket environment.
6. Reporting Procedures:

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CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
All workers, including temporary employees, should be educated on how to report safety issues,
defects, or problems to their shift manager or relevant authority. This should include clear instructions on
how to communicate concerns and the assurance that their reports will be taken seriously without fear of
reprisal.
7. Emergency Response Training:
Workers should be trained on proper emergency response procedures, including first aid and how
to handle incidents such as accidents or injuries. Designated first-aiders should receive more
comprehensive training.
8. Communication and Clarification:
Encourage an environment where workers feel comfortable seeking clarification and asking
questions regarding safety procedures. Shift managers should be trained to provide clear and consistent
instructions, addressing any concerns or confusion promptly.
9. Supervisory Training:
Shift managers and store managers should receive training on effective supervision techniques,
including the importance of prioritizing safety, providing clear instructions, and addressing safety
concerns raised by workers.
10. Health and Safety Culture:
Promote a strong health and safety culture throughout the organization by emphasizing its
importance and ensuring it is integrated into all aspects of the supermarket's operations. This includes
regular safety meetings, ongoing training sessions, and open communication channels.
11. Refresher Training:
Periodic refresher training sessions should be conducted to reinforce safety protocols, address any
changes in procedures, and ensure that all workers remain up to date with the latest safety practices.
12. Legal Compliance Training:
Workers should be educated on relevant health and safety regulations and laws to ensure
compliance. This training should focus on their rights and responsibilities as employees and the potential
consequences of non-compliance.
13. Equipment Maintenance Training:
Workers responsible for equipment maintenance, including the compactor, should receive
specialized training on proper maintenance procedures, regular inspections, and the importance of
reporting any malfunctions or defects promptly.
14. Investigation and Reporting Training:

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CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
Managers and supervisors should receive training on accident investigation techniques and
reporting requirements. This will enable them to conduct thorough investigations, identify root causes,
and implement corrective measures effectively.
15. Management Training:
Store managers should undergo training on their responsibilities regarding health and safety,
including the importance of prioritizing safety over sales targets and fostering a proactive safety culture
within the store.
Note: It is important to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the specific needs and risks present in the
supermarket environment and tailor the training programs accordingly.

Task 5: Determining individual human factors that negatively influence behaviour

5 What individual human factors might have negatively influenced the behaviour
of the injured worker? (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant
information from the scenario.

ANSWER:
Based on the scenario, several individual human factors could have negatively influenced the behavior of
the injured worker. Here are some possible factors:
1) Lack of training:
The temporary worker had a very brief induction and limited instruction or training about how to
do the work. This lack of proper training may have contributed to their unfamiliarity with the safe
operation of the compactor.
2) Limited supervision:
The scenario mentions that there was very limited supervision for the temporary workers. Without
adequate supervision, the worker may not have received immediate guidance or correction when
attempting to operate the compactor.
3) Lack of awareness of safety policies:
The temporary workers were not made aware of the company's health and safety policy or how to
report issues or defects. This lack of awareness could have contributed to their ignorance of the potential
hazards associated with the compactor.
4) Lack of clear instructions:

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The scenario states that there were no written job descriptions and limited instruction on how to
do the work. Without clear instructions, the worker may have been unsure about the proper procedures for
using the compactor, leading to unsafe actions.
5) Pressure to perform quickly:
The store manager's focus on meeting ambitious sales targets may have created pressure on the
workers to work quickly. This pressure to perform at a fast pace could have caused the injured worker to
bypass safety precautions or take shortcuts when operating the compactor.
6) Lack of communication:
The experienced worker instructed the temporary worker to operate the controls on the compactor
without providing proper guidance or supervision. This lack of effective communication may have led to
misunderstandings or misinterpretations of the instructions, contributing to the accident.
7) Lack of hazard recognition:
The injured worker may not have recognized the potential hazard of reaching inside the compactor
while it was jammed. This lack of hazard recognition could be due to inadequate training or a lack of
awareness about the dangers associated with the equipment.
8) Complacency:
If the injured worker had been working in the compactor area for a while without incidents, they
may have become complacent and less cautious about the potential risks involved. This complacency
could have influenced their behavior and led to the accident.
9) Lack of experience:
As a temporary worker, the individual may have had limited experience in operating machinery or
working in a high-pressure environment. Their lack of experience may have made them more susceptible
to making errors or taking unsafe actions.
10) Lack of awareness of emergency procedures:
The temporary worker immediately called emergency services after the accident, indicating a
potential lack of knowledge about the proper emergency procedures within the organization. This lack of
awareness may have hindered their response to the incident.
It's important to note that these factors are speculative based on the information provided in the scenario.
A thorough investigation would be necessary to determine the precise factors that influenced the injured
worker's behavior.

Task 6: Showing how the faulty compactor exposed workers to greater risk

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CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
6 With the compactor’s safety protection device not working, the workers were
exposed to significantly greater risk. A good visual way of demonstrating and
understanding this is to draw a risk matrix like the one shown below.

(a) Assuming that you are teaching someone who has never seen this
kind of risk matrix before
(i) show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk
level was acceptable when the compactor risk assessment
was initially carried out. (5)
(ii) show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk level
changed significantly with the safety protection device not working. (5)
Note: Show calculations and support the calculations using information,
where applicable, from the scenario.

(b) What additional administrative control measures could the supermarket

put in place to prevent a repeat of this accident with the compactor? (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant
information from the scenario.

ANSWER (i):
To demonstrate how the risk matrix can be used to confirm the initial acceptability of risk when the
compactor risk assessment was carried out, I'll provide a step-by-step explanation.
Step 1: Understand the Risk Matrix
Explain to the person that a risk matrix is a visual tool used to assess and categorize risks based on
their severity and likelihood. It helps determine the level of risk and guides decision-making regarding
risk management measures.
Step 2: Define Severity and Likelihood Levels

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Clarify that severity refers to the potential impact or harm that could result from a particular hazard,
while likelihood refers to the chance or probability of that hazard occurring.
Step 3: Establish the Risk Assessment Parameters
Based on the information from the scenario, explain the parameters used in the compactor risk
assessment, such as the identified hazards, severity levels, and likelihood levels. This information may not
be explicitly mentioned in the scenario, so assumptions may need to be made.
Step 4: Assign Severity and Likelihood Ratings
Assign numerical values or labels to the severity and likelihood levels identified in the risk
assessment. For example:
- Severity Levels: Low (1), Medium (2), High (3), Very High (4)
- Likelihood Levels: Rare (1), Unlikely (2), Possible (3), Likely (4), Almost Certain (5)
Step 5: Plot the Risk Assessment Data on the Matrix
Using the severity and likelihood ratings, plot the identified risks on the risk matrix. The matrix typically
consists of a grid with severity on one axis and likelihood on the other. Each cell in the grid represents a
combination of severity and likelihood, indicating the corresponding risk level.
Step 6: Interpret the Risk Levels
Explain how to interpret the risk levels indicated on the matrix. Generally, the risk levels are color-coded
or labeled to indicate the degree of risk:

- Low Risk: Green or labeled as "Acceptable" (1)

- Medium Risk: Yellow or labeled as "Tolerable" (2)
- High Risk: Orange or labeled as "Undesirable" (3)
- Very High Risk: Red or labeled as "Intolerable" (4)

Step 7: Assess the Compactor's Initial Risk Level

Using the plotted data on the risk matrix, explain that the initial risk level of the compactor operation was
determined by assessing the severity and likelihood of potential incidents. Based on the placement of the
identified risks on the matrix, determine the risk level and compare it to the acceptable risk criteria
established by the organization.

Step 8: Confirming the Initial Risk Acceptability

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CONTACT : 03136206224
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Using the risk level determined in Step 7, demonstrate that if the identified risks associated with the
compactor operation were initially categorized as acceptable (green or labeled as "Acceptable"), it would
indicate that the measures in place were considered sufficient to manage those risks at that time.

Please note that specific information about severity levels, likelihood levels, and the actual risk assessment
outcomes is not provided in the scenario. To provide a more accurate demonstration, it would be helpful
to have this information or make assumptions based on general risk assessment practices.

Task 6: Showing how the faulty compactor exposed workers to greater risk

6 With the compactor’s safety protection device not working, the workers were
exposed to significantly greater risk. A good visual way of demonstrating and
understanding this is to draw a risk matrix like the one shown below.

(a) Assuming that you are teaching someone who has never seen this kind
of risk matrix before
(i) show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk level was
acceptable when the compactor risk assessment was initially
carried out. (5)
(ii) show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk
level changed significantly with the safety protection device (5)
not working.
Note: Show calculations and support the calculations using information,
where applicable, from the scenario.

(b) What additional administrative control measures could the supermarket

put in place to prevent a repeat of this accident with the compactor? (10)
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant
information from the scenario.

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ANSWER (ii):
To demonstrate how the risk level changed significantly with the safety protection device not working, we
can use a risk matrix. Here is an explanation of how the matrix can be used:

1. Identify the Hazard:

The hazard in this scenario is the operation of the compactor without the functioning safety protection
device.
2. Determine Consequences:
The consequence of operating the compactor without the safety protection device is an increased risk
of accidents and injuries, as seen in the scenario where a worker's hand was crushed.
3. Assess Likelihood:
The likelihood of an accident occurring without the safety protection device can be determined based
on the frequency and duration of compactor use. Since the scenario mentions that the compactor was
frequently used, the likelihood of an accident is considered high.
4. Assign a Risk Rating:
Using the risk matrix, we can assign a risk rating by combining the consequence and likelihood. Here
are five unique pieces of information to support the risk assessment:
a) Without the safety protection device, the compactor can operate even when the safety gate is open,
increasing the likelihood of an accident.
b) The compactor had a history of frequent jams, indicating a higher likelihood of accidents occurring
during attempts to clear the jammed machine.
c) The lack of written job descriptions, limited instruction, and training for temporary workers further
increased the likelihood of accidents due to lack of knowledge and awareness.
d) The scenario mentions that the store manager and day shift manager were aware of the faulty
compactor, yet no additional measures were taken to prevent its use, exposing workers to
unnecessary risks.
e) The severity of the accident resulting in the amputation of a worker's lower arm highlights the
significant consequences of operating the compactor without the safety protection device.
5. Analyze Risk Level:
Using the risk matrix, we can visually demonstrate how the risk level changed significantly with the
safety protection device not working. The risk level can be determined by matching the consequence and
likelihood ratings on the matrix. With the higher likelihood and severe consequences, the risk level would
be categorized as "High" or "Very High" in the absence of the safety protection device.
By using the risk matrix and considering the unique information from the scenario, we can confirm that
the risk level increased significantly when the safety protection device of the compactor was not working.

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CONTACT : 03136206224
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Task 6: Showing how the faulty compactor exposed workers to greater risk

6 With the compactor’s safety protection device not working, the workers were
exposed to significantly greater risk. A good visual way of demonstrating and
understanding this is to draw a risk matrix like the one shown below.

(a) Assuming that you are teaching someone who has never seen this kind
of risk matrix before
(i) show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk level was
acceptable when the compactor risk assessment was initially
carried out. (5)
(ii) show how the matrix can be used to confirm that the risk level
changed significantly with the safety protection device not working. (5)
Note: Show calculations and support the calculations using information,
where applicable, from the scenario.

(b) What additional administrative control measures could the

supermarket put in place to prevent a repeat of this accident with (10)
the compactor?
Note: You should support your answer, where applicable, using relevant
information from the scenario.

ANSWER (b):
To prevent a repeat of the accident with the faulty compactor, the supermarket could implement the
following additional administrative control measures:
1. Conduct regular inspections and maintenance of the compactor:
Implement a scheduled maintenance program to ensure that all safety features, including the safety
gate and protection device, are in proper working condition. Inspections should be carried out by trained
personnel to identify any faults or malfunctions promptly.

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2. Clearly communicate the compactor's operational status:
Ensure that all shift managers are aware of the compactor's status and are responsible for
communicating it to their respective shifts during handovers. This includes informing workers if the
compactor is out of order or if any safety issues are identified.
3. Develop and enforce a written safe operating procedure (SOP):
Complete the development of a comprehensive SOP for the compactor, outlining step-by-step
instructions for its safe operation. This SOP should be communicated to all workers, including temporary
employees, during their induction process, and regular training sessions should be conducted to reinforce
safe operating practices.
4. Establish a reporting mechanism for equipment defects:
Implement a formal reporting system that encourages workers to report any equipment defects or
safety concerns promptly. This system should provide clear instructions on how to report issues and
emphasize non-punitive measures for reporting, such as anonymous reporting or protection against
retaliation.
5. Provide adequate training for all workers:
Ensure that all workers, including temporary employees, receive thorough training on equipment
operation and safety protocols before they are assigned to work with the compactor. This training should
cover the risks associated with the compactor, safe operating procedures, and emergency response
protocols.
6. Assign authorized operators for the compactor:
Designate specific trained individuals as authorized operators for the compactor. Only these authorized
operators should have access to the machine's controls, ensuring that untrained personnel do not operate
or attempt to fix any issues with the compactor.
7. Improve supervision and oversight:
Increase supervision and oversight in the areas where the compactor is located. Shift managers and
supervisors should regularly monitor the compactor area to ensure compliance with safety protocols and
to address any issues or concerns promptly.
8. Encourage a culture of safety reporting:
Foster an environment where workers feel comfortable reporting safety concerns without fear of
reprisal. Promote open communication channels and encourage workers to actively participate in
identifying hazards, reporting near-misses, and suggesting safety improvements.
9. Implement regular safety audits:
Conduct periodic safety audits to assess the effectiveness of safety measures and identify any potential
gaps or areas for improvement. These audits can help identify recurring issues and allow for proactive
corrective actions.

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 MUHAMMAD MUDASIR USMAN
CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
10. Engage with health and safety professionals:
Seek advice and guidance from health and safety professionals, either internally or externally, to assess
the overall safety of the workplace and identify areas that require improvement. These professionals can
provide expertise in conducting risk assessments, developing safety protocols, and implementing effective
control measures.
By implementing these additional administrative control measures, the supermarket can mitigate the risks
associated with the faulty compactor and create a safer working environment for its employees.
Task 7: Financial arguments for the store manager to improve health and safety

7 Based on the scenario only, what financial arguments could you use to
convince the store manager that health and safety needs to be improved? (10)

ANSWER(TASK 7) :
When presenting financial arguments to convince the store manager about the importance of improving
health and safety, the following points can be made:
1. Reduction in compensation claims:
By improving health and safety measures, the number of workplace accidents and resulting
compensation claims can be reduced. This can lead to significant cost savings for the supermarket, as they
won't have to pay out large sums of money for compensation or legal fees.
2. Avoidance of fines and penalties:
In the scenario, the enforcement authorities are likely to visit the store due to the reported accident.
By proactively improving health and safety, the store can avoid potential fines and penalties that may be
imposed by regulatory bodies for non-compliance.
3. Decreased employee turnover:
A safe and healthy work environment fosters employee satisfaction and engagement. By reducing
workplace accidents and injuries, the store can improve employee morale, leading to decreased turnover
rates. This, in turn, reduces recruitment and training costs associated with replacing staff.
4. Increased productivity:
A safer work environment can positively impact employee productivity. When employees feel safe
and secure, they can focus on their tasks without distractions or concerns about their well-being. Improved
productivity can lead to higher sales and profits for the store.
5. Reduced absenteeism:
Workplace accidents and injuries often result in employee absences, which can disrupt workflow and
increase staffing costs. By investing in health and safety measures, the store can minimize absenteeism
due to injuries, thus maintaining a consistent workforce and reducing the need for temporary replacements.

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 MUHAMMAD MUDASIR USMAN
CONTACT : 03136206224
CNIC: 3230191614979
6. Improved reputation and customer trust:
Incurring negative publicity due to workplace accidents can harm the store's reputation and erode
customer trust. By prioritizing health and safety, the store can demonstrate its commitment to the well-
being of its employees, enhancing its reputation and attracting more loyal customers.
7. Avoidance of legal expenses:
In the scenario, the injured worker is likely to claim for compensation, which can result in a court case.
Engaging a lawyer and dealing with legal proceedings can be costly. By preventing accidents and creating
a safer working environment, the store can minimize the likelihood of legal expenses associated with such
cases.
8. Insurance premium reductions:
Demonstrating a strong commitment to health and safety can lead to reduced insurance premiums.
Insurance companies often offer lower rates to businesses that have implemented effective risk
management practices and maintained a good safety record.
9. Avoidance of business disruptions:
Workplace accidents can cause operational disruptions and temporary closures, leading to revenue
loss. By preventing accidents and ensuring a safe working environment, the store can avoid disruptions,
maintain regular business operations, and protect its sales targets.
10. Employee training and development savings:
Implementing proper health and safety training programs for all employees can help prevent accidents
and injuries. By investing in training and development upfront, the store can save money in the long run
by reducing incidents that may require additional training or rehiring due to staff turnover caused by
accidents.
Remember to provide additional context and specific details from the scenario when discussing these
financial arguments with the store manager.

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