NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IGC1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management

Open Book Examination

ANSWER TEMPLATE

Available for 24 hours

Learner name Farrukh Shahzad

NEBOSH learner 00704963
number
Learning Partner name 1535-Qanmos College

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

Task 1: Behavioural safety audit checklists

Question 1
Task 1
The observers practice a checklist for the behavioural safety audits for the Computer
manufacturing organization to ensure that all areas of concern are covered in each audit
and that the audit is carried out in a consistent manner which has many advantages;

 After completing the behavioural safety audit, the coordinator will use the
checklist to collect and evaluate the data to get the required information.

 The checklists help to maintain, update and save the written record of audits
collected by the coordinator. It would be helpful for further references and
audits.

 The checklist was prepared based on the critical behaviour which results in many
accidents, so this checklist will assist in generating guidance to avoid further
accidents and unfavourable incidents.

 The audit checklist helps organize and maintain the data that can be further
utilized for a smooth and productive BSA Program.

 It would help while playing the key role in encouraging the auditor that will
augment the BSA program.

 The proper method and sequence have been maintained in a checklist. It ensures
the procedure is on the way in a sequenced and categorized way.

 The ten observers in all varied departments and sections will observe workers'
behaviour, and the checklist will be the same with a consistent approach.

 The checklist of a behavioural audit will contain all the main and important
points and complete the observation covering all the aspects.

 The checklist of behavioural safety audits can be used as a reference in the

upcoming meetings with employees from all the departments.

 By receiving the checklist of behavioural safety audits of the various workers,

there is a great opportunity to make a correction and correct the safety flaws
where there is a need.

 The critical behaviour checklist will take less time than a regular audit.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

Task 2: Explaining to the contractor the obligations of employers to workers

Question 2
Task 2: Ans
While the investigation taken by the coordinator kept in view the ILO recommendation
R-164, several violations and offences have been witnessed that resulted in the accident
of the contractor;
1. There was a flickering light observation by the contractor at the workplace, which
needs to be replaced.

2. The contractor was performing his duty based on his opinion and perception,
violating ILO's recommendation as it demands a safe workplace.

3. The workers must be equipped with machinery to maintain the workplace by

implementing the various safety work methods without any risk under the ILO
recommendation R-164 article 10(a). However, the scenario depicts the machine
was not safe to use as it started by itself, indicating the violation signs.

4. There was another violation, as the scenario shows the supervisor was too
occupied, so there needed to be more proper organizational provisions.

5. ILO recommendation R-164 article 10 (g) focuses on putting a reasonable load on

workers by excluding excessive pressure and fatigue. In comparison, the scene
shows that both the supervisor and permit issuer were having over workload
leading to unnecessary pressure and stress.

6. Keeping ILO recommendation R-164 article 10 (d) in view, it is important to use

occupational safety and health procedures in the working environment
concerning the size of organizational work. However, according to the scenario, it
has been noticed that only a single permit issuer was issuing the permit,
numbering 75 PTWs per day. Although, it is not manageable to visit the site in
person due to overburdened work.

7. There must be proper supervision while the workers are performing duties
according to ILO recommendation R164 article 10(c). According to the article, the
main focus should be on occupational safety and health measures. The scenario
shows that the worker was doing his maintenance duty without supervision,
leading to an accident.

8. The ILO recommendation demands the proper training of employees. In contrast,

the scenario depicts the contractor working at the manufacturing site first time.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

 9. Another ILO recommendation R164 requires that employers give the employees
PPEs. However, the scenario depicts the contractor doing maintenance without
safety guards.

10. There must be proper instructions before starting the work according to the ILO
Recommendation R164. In comparison, the scenario depicts the contractor
working without a machine operator and supervisor.

Task 3: Management failures

Question 3

The management of this Computer manufacturing industry has failed in certain

places, which lead to this accident of the contractor;

1. Management is responsible for monitoring the activities, yet the incident causing
the accident wasn't viewed as the contractor mentioned that no supervisor was
present during the assignment.

2. Management needs to give some breaks to workers, yet they have failed to do so
as in the scene, the permit issuer and supervisor were under pressure and very
occupied due to the workload.

3. Management is accountable for ensuring equipment upkeep, yet the situation

shows that the machine needed to be adequately taken care of as it would start
unexpectedly.

4. Management must guarantee effective communication, particularly on hazards

and risks, yet the scene demonstrates that the contractor worker noticed a
warning sign while leaving the place.

5. Management was obligated to ensure a proper risk assessment of the job.

However, the scene shows that the risk assessment was absent at the site, and
the contractor affirmed that he had forgotten it.

6. Management needs to provide necessary organizational arrangements. However,

the scene demonstrates that a permit issuer issued 75 permits daily without
physically visiting the site, resulting in the accident.

7. Management was required to employ a competent contractor for the job, yet the
scene indicates that it was the first time this contractor was doing the job at a
manufacturing site.

8. Management is responsible for providing a safe workplace, yet the scene hints at

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

 flickering light at the job site, as reported by the contractor.

9. Management needs more interest in a detailed investigation of the incident and

considers the accidents as mere Human error, leading to more accidents in the
future.

10. Management must provide PPEs to workers, yet the scene shows that the
injured contractor was not wearing gloves.

Task 4: Assessing the permit-to-work system arrangements

Question 4

TASK 4

The Computer manufacturing organization has a permit-to-work system to

regulate high-risk activities, such as the one leading to the accident at the scene.
Upon review, the following points can be made about the application of the
Permit to Work system:

 The permit issuer confirms the safety measures to be implemented for

the activity. They discuss the same with the contractor.
 The issued permits are complete, authorized, and signed by the necessary
parties as per the requirements of the PTW system.
 A copy of the permit is displayed. One copy is kept with the contractor,
and the other is in the site office for documentation.
 The permit issuer in the scenario is an experienced and qualified
individual with 10 years of permit-issuing experience.
 The organization has a designated person with authority to issue permits.
The permit issuer checks the activity and the potential risks before issuing
the permit.
 The permits are clearly outlined for a given period, as in the scene, the
permit is issued from 09:00 to 1700.
 The recipient of the permit is a qualified contractor who is trained on the
permit and its responsibilities.
 All activities requiring a permit are controlled with the PTW system, as the
scene shows that the issuer is issuing 75 permits daily.

In addition to the practices mentioned above, the PTW system of the company
needs to improve in certain areas:

1. The permit issuer should visit the site to assess any potential hazards, which
was not done due to the workload.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

 2. The permit must be a document rather than a document but must ensure that
the hazard and risk are adequately managed, something it should have done
in this instance.

3. The controls outlined in the permit must be appropriately enforced, as the

scene shows that the activity was not supervised, and the contractor was
unaware of certain instructions.

4. The permit must identify appropriate controls, as they needed to be identified

properly - for instance, the contractor needed to be more familiar with
working in a manufacturing environment, and safety signage needed to be
installed correctly.

Task 5: Costs of incidents/accidents

Question 5 (a)

If the accident were more serious, then the following would have been the insured cost;

1. Additional legal costs incurred from any compensation claims made by the injured
worker would also have been faced by the insurance company.

2. The insurance company would have had to cover any medical expenses related to
hospitalization if the worker sustained a severe injury to their hand.

Question 5 (b)

Following are the un-insured costs if the accident was more serious;

1. In a major accident, the production process might be interrupted, and insurance

companies would not cover the loss.
2. The accident's effects on worker morale may cause financial losses which are not
insured.
3. Injured workers may receive sick leave per the organization's policy, and this cost
would not be included in insurance.
4. The organization may need to pay overtime wages to other workers to complete the
maintenance work, and this cost would not be insured.
5. The Computer manufacturing organization may suffer from significant damage to its
reputation from a severe accident, leading to cancelled orders and uninsured
expenditure.
6. The organization may face a penalty for not providing a safe work environment in the
case of a severe accident, and this cost would not be insured.
7. The Computer manufacturing organization may need to hire a new contractor, and the
hiring costs would not be covered by insurance.
8. A serious accident may also cause precious production time to be wasted on calming
the workers and managing the accident, and this cost would not be insured.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

Task 6: Indicators of health and safety culture

Question 6 (a)

Positive indicators
Following are the positive indicators of the Health and safety culture of Computer
manufacturing organizations;

1. The organization has competent staff, as they have trained observers to execute
the BSA program.
2. The company is organizing different safety awareness training and training for
observers, ensuring that all of them attend the training, which is a great indicator
of safety culture.
3. The BSA observers provide verbal feedback to workers, rewarding them for good
behaviour and investigating the causes of bad behaviour, which is a good sign.
4. The organization also has Lockout/Tagout and Isolation procedures, which the
permit issuer confirms.
5. The business engages workers and contractors in active safety monitoring,
indicating a strong safety culture.
6. The business has allocated a budget and resources for developing safety
awareness training, which is another good indicator.
7. The organization provides separate financial support for training observers who
conduct the Behavioral Safety Audit, indicating the management's commitment
to safety.
8. The organization is taking special considerations, such as providing special
communication facilities for hearing-disabilities observers.
9. The organization is learning from past incidents, as critical behaviours have been
extracted from past accident data and incorporated into the BSA checklist.
10. A Permit to Work system is implemented in the Computer manufacturing
organization to control high-risk activities, signed by authorized people and
issued for a reasonable period.
11. The company has implemented a successful Behavioral Safety Audit program to
enhance health and safety in the organization, which is a positive indicator.
12. The organization has appointed a site behavioural champion who has a positive
attitude towards safety activities and supports the HSE team, which is a positive
indicator.

Question 6 (b)

The negative indicators observed in the Computer manufacturing Organization are as

follows;

1. Certain veteran middle managers and supervisors have adopted an

unfavourable attitude towards safety and are not supportive of the BSA

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

 program's active monitoring, indicating a negative culture.
2. The supervisors hold the workers accountable for accidents, indicating a
blame culture within the organization.
3. No supervision was done for the contractor's work, which further signifies
a negative culture.
4. No comprehensive examination was conducted initially, and the
management only focused on the immediate causes of the accident,
revealing a negative culture.
5. The contractor worker neglected to provide any method statement or risk
assessment, and the supervisor regarded such paperwork as a formality,
causing him to start the job.
6. The contractor worker proceeded with maintenance duties based on his
assumptions, as he still needed to be given specific instructions from the
machine operator and supervisor.
7. No thorough investigation was conducted initially, and the management
only relied on the immediate causes of the accident, which is a sign of a
negative culture.
8. The supervisor considers workers responsible for accidents indicating a
blame culture in the organization, which is also an indicator of negative
culture.
9. The Permit issuer is overburdened and does not physically inspect the site
for potential hazards and their controls, which leads to accidents,
signifying a negative culture.
10. Equipment maintenance must be properly ensured as it often starts
unexpectedly, demonstrating a negative culture in this food
manufacturing organization.
11. No proper investigation was initially conducted, and the management
relied only on the immediate causes of the accident, indicating a negative
culture.
12. Certain veteran mid-level managers and supervisors have adopted a
pessimistic attitude towards safety and are not enthusiastic about the
active monitoring provided by the BSA program, which is a sign of a
negative culture.

Task 7: Understanding arrangements in ISO 45001: 2018 (Plan, Do, Check,

Act)

Question 7 (a)
Task 7:
a) Resources are related to the plan section of the PDCA cycle. As it is noticed, it is
provided at the start of the planning.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

Question 7 (b)
b) Occupational health and safety objectives are related to the Plan section of the
PDCA cycle because the objectives and goal-oriented tasks are set during the
planning procedure.

Question 7 (c)
c) Performance evaluation is related to the Act section of the PDCA, as assessment
and evaluation are completed during checking.

Question 7 (d)
d) Internal communication is related to the Check section of the PDCA cycle, as
meetings are conducted weekly to determine current control measures'
effectiveness.

Question 7 (e)
e) The hazard identification is related to the Do section.

Question 7 (f)
f) Control of documented information is related to the Do section of the PDCA cycle.

Question 7 (g)
g) The accident investigation is related to the Check section of the PDCA cycle.

Question 7 (h)
h) Actions related to the work permit system are related to the Do section

Question 7 (i)
i) Active monitoring is related to the Check section, as inspections took place during
the evaluation

Question 7 (j)
j) Continual improvement is related to the Act section of the PDCA cycle as it occurs
at the end.

Task 8: Contractor management

Question 8
The following problematic traits were noted in a Computer manufacturing organization
managed by a contractor:

1.The organization failed to address the contractor's behaviour, even after noticing
a safety breach.
2.The contractor was hired without examining his training and qualifications,
indicating a disregard for his capability.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page

 3.The supervisor only visited the job site once on the first day, even though ongoing
supervision was needed for the contractor's work.
4.The contractor required effective communication and coordination, but there
needed to be more interaction before the contractor spotted a danger sign.
5.Despite the contractor's permit outlining safety measures like isolations and LOTO,
these needed to be followed, and the contractor was working without them.
6.Safe working practices were needed for the maintenance work, but the contractor
carried it out as he pleased and assumed.
7.The contractor was approved for maintenance work even though he had no prior
experience in the manufacturing industry.
8.The machine operator and supervisor should have approached the contractor
before taking action but instead acted hastily.
9.The contractor's accident history and client list should have been thoroughly
checked before he was chosen for the incomplete maintenance project.
10.A permit-to-work arrangement was necessary to monitor the contractor's work,
but the permit issuer should have physically visited the contractor's location
before granting the permit.

Task 9: Training recommendations

Question 9
A company must prioritize diverse training for its employees to excel in a competitive
business environment and improve health and safety efficiency. The following steps
should be taken:

1.Educate all employees on risk levels, particularly those in charge of obtaining risk
information before granting a permit to work.
2.Schedule regular SSW training sessions to ensure all employees are familiar with
the safe work system for a specific activity.
3.Ensure all employees are familiar with the organization's health and safety policy.
4.Ensure that all employees know how to move safely around the workplace and its
surroundings.
5.Train employees on recognizing hazards, general safety indicators, and emergency
signs.
6.Familiarize all employees with the Emergency Response Plan, emergency phone
numbers, and the location of the nearest emergency room.
7.Ensure that first aid services are easily accessible and located in a convenient place.
8.Provide a Toolbox talk before starting any activity to give employees a basic
understanding of the task.
9.Plan training on disciplinary measures and take corrective action against personnel
who violate the rules.
10. Offer training on international standards, such as ISO 9001 and ISO 45001.
11. Provide firefighting training to all employees.
12. Provide risk assessment training for employees based on the nature of their job .

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Documen Q1
ts and 1. https://safetyculture.com/checklists/behavior-based-safety/
sources 2. https://www.fleetcostcare.com/benefits-of-using-checklists-to-improve-
of safety/
informati 3. References taken from scenario also
on you
used in Q2
your 1. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?
examinati p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R164
on 2. ILO executive website, and HSE EXCUTIVE website.
3. Based on scenario

Q3
1. https://www.alcumus.com/en-gb/insights/blog/the-top-6-pitfalls-of-
health-and-safety-management/
2. https://www.nebosh.org.uk/open-book-examinations/resources/
3. https://safetymanagement.eku.edu/blog/common-errors-in-safety-
management/

Q4
1. https://www.safetymint.com/permit-to-work-system.htm

Q5
1. https://hsewatch.com/direct-and-indirect-costs-of-workplace-accidents/

Q6.
1. https://ergo-plus.com/25-signs-you-have-an-awesome-safety-culture/
2. National Safety Council - https://www.nsc.org

Q7
1. https://www.hse.gov.uk/managing/iso45001.htm

Q8 based on scenario also

1. https://www.hse.gov.uk/managing/delivering/do/organising/managing-
contractors.htm

Q9
1. https://www.hse.gov.uk/simple-health-safety/training/index.htm

End of examination

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Examinations: Technical Learner Guide. All Open Book Examination guidance documents
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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0024-ENG-OBE-V1 Feb23 © NEBOSH 2023 page