NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IGC1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management

Open Book Examination

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 1 of 9

Task 1: Who does what in organisations

Question 1

Employer Obligations to workers that are likely have been contravened are follows;

*)Organisation or an employer failed to provide adequate supervision to the sales people

as the directors were working on the third floor and also line managers were at the edges
on the each remaining two floors, therefore this is a contravention to ILO
Recommendation R(164) of Article10(c) it states that, to provide adequate supervision at
work for the workers;

*) Also call centre operates seven days a week and the sales person have given
ambitious targets every week which can affect them Mentally and physically and it is a
contravention of ILO Recommendation R 164 of 10(g) as it states that, take all
reasonably practicable measures in a view to eliminate excess physical and mental
fatigue;

*) Frayed power lead and a broken plug attached to an extension lead and also
damaged part of extension lead has been packed with tape to stop being used and it is a
breach of ILO Recommendation R 164 of 10(a) to provide and maintain workplace,
machinery and equipment which must be safe to use by the workers;

*) It is an employer requirement to workers that they have to provide suitable and

sufficient risk assessment and safe system of work, to carry out the work by workers
safely which is a breach done by the organisation of ILO Recommendation R 164 10 (a)
to provide work methods statement / risk assessment to carry out work safely,as we can
see from the scenario that the risk assessment were too generic and covers irrelevant
topics like Manual handling,slips,trips and falls and working at height;

*) No workers have received any health and safety training when facilities manager
interviewed the sales people and it is clear breach of ILO Recommendation R 164 of 10
(b) and it states that to give necessary information and training to different category of
workers;

*) Employer failed to consult with workers on aspect of health and safety and their views
have not taken into account of which is a breach of Article 12{2(b)} of ILO
Recommendations R 164 it states that be consulted with new safety and health
measures are envisaged or other matters;

*) Organisation or employer failed to provide adequate rest breaks which is a breach of

Recommendation R164 of ILO article 10 (f) it states that organisation has to ensure
particularly with respect to hours of work and rest breaks must not adversely affect their
occupational safety and health, as the workers were given ambitious targets which are
not realistic to achieve and this would adversely affect their mental and physical health;

*) From the scenario it is evident that the ‘worker Z’ has sustained injuries due to
repetitive tasks and this is a breach of ILO Recommendation of R164 Article 10(a and b),
employer has to provide safe workplace,equipment & machinery and training to carry out
the work safely and also three other compensation claims which is obviously an affect
from poor safety approach in the workplace;

*) One of the salesperson replies that we have to be on our deathbed to be allowed for
sick leave and it is a breach of ILO Recommendation R 164 of 10(g) to take all
reasonably practical measures to eliminate physical and mental fatigue.

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 2 of 9

Task 2: Health and safety management systems

Question 2
Commenting about current leadership in the organisation as follows;

Failure to provide the induction training for nine apprentices and health and safety
training to all workers; focused on achieving sales targets to receive 10% on any sales
that they make; Failed to do consultation with the workers and never taken into
consideration of their reviews; failed to provide adequate supervision as the directors
always on their third floor until and unless something goes wrong; Failed to prepare /
provide an effective documentation procedures like risk assessment, safe working
methods for the workers to work safely; Discussed with facilities manager by the director
regarding that the organisation does not have any health and safety risk as the workers
are only sitting at the desks shows lack of their knowledge on safety aspect; Failure to
meet the legal requirement where the organisation operating; Absence of knowledge
about the difference between safety audit and inspection; Assigning facilities manager to
take responsibility for health and safety only based on few experience from his previous
employer; Four compensation claims in the last 12 months in the organisation made by
previous employees; Ex-sales person complained in the newspaper highlight the bad
work practices and other Ex-sales person publicized the story on social media and a lot
of unwanted media attention have cancelled few contracts; Frightening attitude approach
by appointing solicitor for the claimants. Failed to analyze why the attrition rates were on
high and do not have an approach on retaining their employees.

Although all the above points shows the poor leadership on the directors, some positive
approach also shows their good level of leadership which are assigning a dedicated
person for health and safety to be managed; Allowed to do an audit by trusting that
person; called for meeting to discuss regarding the findings of an audit; E-mail from the
MD agreeing to carry out all identified in action plan prepared by facilities manager; MD
and directors are also keen on improving current health and safety management system.

Task 3: Monitoring and measuring (audits)

Question 3 (a)
Commenting on the approach taken to the audit are;

Negative approach to audit are follows;

Failed to analyse the competency required to do health and safety audit as the facility
manager only had a few experience in health and safety from the previous employer and
also before even completing the course, the facilities manager felt more confident on
doing so; audit performed solely rather than involving a team approach; failed to prepare
plan of action for the audit before it was done, like the facilities manager thought that it
would save his time when he don't have to plan to audit, facilities manager took several
weeks in completing the audit as the audit may not prolong more than a week or two
weeks as it would affect/interfere the work/production operation; Absence of schedule of
an audit for a systematic approach; No questionnaire (or) other paper works was done by
facilities manager prior to audit and also failed to conduct the opening meeting with the
directors regarding the audit.

Positive aspects of audit are;

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 3 of 9

Evidence were gathered systematically by the facilities manager like interviewing with the
sales personnel, documents related to safety were examined like risk assessment,
training records. Safety policy ,also physical inspection were carried out by the facilities
manager on the entire organisation; Also he had prepared an effective report following
the audit including action plan which was appreciated by the directors and the
management also had taken action on it and they were keen on improving the health &
safety management system since the audit.

Finally ,Although some positive approach have been identified on the audit, still the
management has to be more proactive like training the auditor, preparing a plan of
action, and also training on preparing the audit report following the audit and also
allocating more than one person for the audit would make this audit more effective.

Question 3 (b)
Difference between Audit and workplace inspection which can be advised to MD are
follows;

*) Detailed planning and resources would be required for an audit like in depth
competency of more than one person and also more than a day or two days time
whereas the inspection requires only limited planning and resources like time (less than
an hour or a day) and competent inspector;

*) Audit covers the entire health and safety of the workplace whereas the inspection
covers only a part of the workplace (it would be even limited to machine or equipment)
therefore inspection is a part of an audit;

*) Audit aims to check the effectiveness of the entire health and safety management
system, where as the inspection only check the effectiveness of past of the section or
department;

*) Audit aims to achieve the legal compliance of our nation where we operate, whereas
inspection aims to correct the issues where it was found;

*) Audit aims to improve health and safety system and procedures at the highest
effective level possible for the entire organisation, whereas the inspection only focus on
work activities achievement of the particular department;

*) Audit are typically performed once a year and also on External Audit can be done
which would be completely impartial in nature and that can also help us to get globally
recognised health and safety management system like is ISO 45001 (or) ILO-OSH 2001
whereas the inspection cannot bring such reputation to our organisation and also it can
be conducted daily, weekly, bi-weekly (or) half yearly depending on need;

*) Audit examines entire documents related to health and safety whereas inspection
checks only the health and safety documents that are related for;

*) A detailed study and report would be done during and following and Audit about
health and safety approach of our entire organisation whereas the inspection only a
checklist format and it only highlights the area where it requires improvement;

*) Audit involves excessive paperwork and it requires time and input from other to
prepare report whereas the inspection outcome would be in form of checklist most likely;

*) Audit is a systematic approach it would be flexible according to work activities and

place where as inspection is a standard approach using to do tailor-made checklist based

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 4 of 9

on situation or activity;

Task 4: Risk assessments

Question 4
Commenting on the organizations approach to assessing health and safety risks in the
workplace are:

*) Risk assessment generally means that measuring the level of risk based on the
hazards present in the workplace;

*) From the scenario we could see the potential electrical and ergonomical hazards in the
organisations which are;

*) Frayed power lead and a broken plug plugged into an extension lead and a damaged
extension lead has packing tape over the pinhole to stop from being used and more than
150 workers are using computer desks and chairs which might cause ergonomical
hazards due to repeated tasks;

*) Also “worker Z” had sustained injuries due to a repetitive task;

*) Therefore it is very clear from the scenario that the organisation did not conduct any
job/ work specific related risk assessments to identify the hazards and risks associated
with it and also failed to identify the workers who would be harmed when they are
carrying out the work, failed to evaluate the risks by means of using likelihood and
severity of the risks; failed to record the finding of the risks associated with environment
or work activities that the workers carry out and failed to review the risk assessment as
we could understand from the scenario, when facilities manager reviewed of the
organisation documentation, he could see that the risk assessment is very generic and
covers only manual handling, slips, trips and fall and working at height were none of them
are relevant to the work being carried out in the organisation and it has not been
reviewed almost 5 years and it has been produced by a third party and it has old address
on it; Also from the director he says the organisation does not have any health and safety
risks as workers are only sitting at desks.

Therefore my comment about assessing health and safety risks of this organisation is
very ineffective, therefore the five step risk assessment has to be introduced and make it
suitable and sufficient risk assessment in the organisation.

Task 5: Health and safety culture

Question 5
Negative indicators of Health and safety culture in the organisation are:

*) Ambitious targets set each week which causes stress and pressure among sales
people;

*) Dreadful approach by the organisation regarding when sales people not met the target
like berating them;

*) Attrition rates were high and management failed to analyse when the sales people are
resigning;

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 5 of 9

*) Dismissing of sales person by HR and line manager soon after attending the second
stage performance review;( presence of blame culture when they fail to meet sales
target);

*) Only given four weeks to improve, and this would cause more stress or put pressure on
their current roles and responsibilities and this demonstrates management only focused
on sales rather than health and safety;

*) Improper/poor approach in assigning health and safety responsibilities to facilities

manager who lack in experience and this demonstrates poor decision making skills by
the directors;

*) Directors assuming sign of competence based on previous health and safety

experience of facilities Manager which shows lack of decision making or poor leadership;

*) Lack of experience in carrying out audit by the facilities Manager on health and safety
aspect and he felt confident before even completing the course;

*) Lack of knowledge about inspection and audit by the directors as the director proposed
inspection is a good idea and told inspection and audit both are same thing;

*) Poor audit approach by the facilities manager without preparing plan of action;

*) Lack of skills or experience in carrying out audit by the facilities manager as he

conduct the audit by himself and took several weeks;

*) No or lack of consultation been carried out by the management with the sales people
regarding health and safety (from the scenario, the sales people replied to the facilities
manager, they thought that health and safety was not relevant to their work; also their
views are never taken into account of by the management;

*) Poor job specific related training, only received training on how to use computer and
telephones and no any health and safety training been provided to sales people;

*) Directors do not undergo frequent physical inspection of work areas like second or first
floor where sales people are working;

*) Ex-sales persons have highlighted the bad working practices in the newspapers;

*) Ex- worker also publicised a story on social media which brought a lot of unwanted
media attention about our organisation and this has also caused cancelling our contracts
with few of our previous car sales showrooms;

*) Absence of reporting procedure as the worker unaware to whom to report it to (like a

frayed power lead and broken plug casing plugged into extension lead;

*) Generic risk assessment (5 years old) created by third party which was not relevant to
work carried out by the organisation and never been reviewed and it also has old address
where the organisation operated 3 years ago;

*) Generic policies and procedures which was never reviewed since produced by the
third party which demonstrates lack of health and safety commitment by the directors;

*) Poor documentation procedures and policies like policy were not relevant to the work
done in the organisation;

*) Poor or absence of health and safety management system and management unaware

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 6 of 9

about what it means in reality;

*) Failed to meet the legal requirement for the work they carried out by the organisation
like no risk assessment specific to work related been done;

*) Compensation claim by the worker “Z” on the organisation who left one year ago;

*) No record of any investigation about workers “Z” on the injuries sustained caused by
repetitive task;

*) Four cases of compensation claims in a year, shows lack of attention or attitude

towards health and safety;

*) Poor leadership from the management on the approach of solving the compensation
claims made by previous employees like using solicitor tools to score them or giving them
court settlement rather than analysing the reasons for compensation claims;

*) Training records were not maintained properly by organisation like “worker Z” (training
record were not present);

*) No reporting document found for “worker Z” regarding his sustained injury, shows lack
or absence of documentation procedures;

*) Poor safety attitude or absence of consultation of line manager with the workers Z
regarding his resignation even after achieving sales targets for his first two years;

*) Poor retirement procedure by the organisation as they recruited some apprentice who
are less than 18 years old;
*) Dreadful or fearful culture exists in the organisation like the worker has to be on death
bed to be allowed for sick leave;

*) MD sighs about increase in the insurance premium rather than analysing why such
compensation claims are facing (Poor leadership or skills in handling worker complaints);

Task 6: Training recommendations

Question 6
Training that I would recommend the organisation that can be arranged for different types
of workers, to minimize the risk of workers health and safety are follows;

*) For Salespeople

*) Behavior based safety training like on how to work with computer and telephones and
how to behave with their line managers, management and their working colleagues;

*) Refresher training can be provided on health and safety aspects like on how to operate
safely their computers and telephone and their headsets etc;

*) Toolbox talk training can be provided regularly like daily on health and safety aspect
while working;

*) DSE workstation requirement training (Display Screen Equipment training) can be

provided to all sales people like the distance to keep their eyes from the monitor screen

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 7 of 9

etc;

*) First aid training for all sales personnel to do treatment in case they get minor injuries
like paper cut injury or burn injury etc;

*) Electrical safety related training to all sales person as the involve in plugging the
computer on to electrical socket and also operating electrical switches etc;

*) Reporting of injuries, near miss, unsafe conditions and acts or other accident related
training like whom to report and what they have to do;

*) Personal protective equipment related training like use of spectacles if required and
when to report to a doctor etc;

*) Job specific related training like taking breaks in between and its duration and safe
use of computer, desk and (chairs while sitting);

*) Mock drill on emergency related training like for fire or bomb threat in the office
building etc;

*) Online safety and cyber security related training has to be provided for sales person;

*) Equipment safety related training like how and where the where to store computers
and telephones etc;

*) Environmental safety training like for computer operation where it emits heat and other
radiation for operators etc;

*) Ergonomically related training like posture adoption of the body while operating
Computer and telephone;

*) Risk assessment and safe system of work training after development can be provided
to sales workers;

*) Post injury / accident related training once the investigation outcome has come;

*) For Apprentice:

For the nine apprentices induction training should be provided with details of first aid
station and welfare arrangements that are available in organisation; job specific related
training like how to operate computer and telephone, headset and what are the risk
involved etc; safe use of equipment training can be provided;

*) For Facilities manager

*) Training on how to do audit, inspection and health and safety management system;

*) Ergonomic and behaviour based safety training can be provided;

*) Training related to how to develop suitable and sufficient risk assessment and safe
system of work;

*) Mock drill or emergency situation related training can be provided and the frequency in
which it needs to be conducted to workers can also be recommended;

*) Statutory requirement training is also recommended for Facilities manager;

Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 8 of 9

*) Training related to why to report near miss, unsafe condition and act, injury or accident
in the workplace;

*) For Line Manager

*) First aid training;

*) Leadership related training in the aspect of Health and safety;

*) Risk assessment, safe system of work, equipment safety and environmental safety
related training can be recommended or provided;

*) Disciplinary action policy/ procedure related training;

*) For HR human resource person

*) Training on record keeping or documentation procedures like maintaining training

record of individual workers on their respective files etc;

*) First aid training;

*) Emergency situation related training like fire drill;

*) Refresher training or training on cyber security / online safety like data protection;

*) Behavioral based safety related training or ergonomical safety training;

*) Disciplinary action procedure training;

*) Recruitment procedure training like how to recruit a competent salesperson based on

age, experience and his skills at etc,

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Documents and sources ILO convention and recommendation for the question No;1
of information you used has been referred using internet search engine like Google
in your examination and RRC text book

End of examination

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0011-ENG-OBE-V1 March22© NEBOSH 2022 page 9 of 9