NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IGC1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Construction Health and Safety
NEBOSH International Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management

Open Book Examination

ANSWER TEMPLATE

Available for 24 hours

Learner name Md Firoz Ansari

NEBOSH learner 00611232
number
Learning Partner name ACE Training and Consulting

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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0007-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 1 of 8

Task 1: Actions of a labour inspector

Question 1 (a)
According to ILO Conventions, listed below is the main function of labour inspection:

 To secure the enforcement of legal provisions relating to conditions of work and

protection of workers while engaged in their work, such as provisions relating to
hours, wages, safety, health and welfare, the employment of children and young
persons, and other connected matters, in so far as such provisions are
enforceable by labour inspectors; legal provisions include arbitration awards and
collective agreements upon which the force of law is conferred and which are
enforceable by labour inspectors;
 To supply technical information and advice to employers and workers concerning
the most effective means of complying with the legal provisions; and
 To bring to the notice of competent authority defects or abuses not specifically
covered by existing legal provisions.

Also promoting and enforcing decent working condition, safety and health standards and
respect of fundamental principles and rights at work are at core of labour inspection
activities.

Question 1 (b)
Following are the action a labour inspector can take when visiting a workplace:

 Securing an undertaking of enforcement from an employer, which have writings

that the compliance will be done before certain time period,
 Labour inspector can issue improvement notice which states certain breach and
failure and it also contains advices on how to fix it,
 They can issue infringement notice for breaches of record keeping,
 Can issue a demand notice for minimum wage to be paid by employer who is
unwilling to pay,
 If any standard is breached by the organisation, they can take action breaches
against that company director who knowingly and intentionally involved in breach,
 Apply to enforcement agency to take actions against the breaches of employment
standards.
 If there is an serious breach then inspector can apply to enforcement court for
penalties against that employer.

Above are some mentioned actions the labour inspector can take following the visit.

Task 2: Effective health and safety policy arrangements

Question 2
An organisation’s general policy statement for health and safety is one clearly written
document which states its health and wellness objective and targets to improve the
performance of its organisation in area of health and safety, aid with personal
advancement of workforce and decrease financial losses. It is organisation’s legal and
managerial responsibility to provide one effective health and safety policy and circulate it
with their workforces.
The mentioned H&S Policy of this organisation is adequate or not is discussed below:

1. As we can see in the mentioned scenario, organisation have suitable risk

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 assessments and also safe system of work which is understood and followed by
the workforce, this will prevent any accidents, injury or ill health.
2. Investigating accidents and near miss: When the accident occurred at
workshop, we see that manager proactively records his findings and observation
by conversating with the customer and tyre fitter who witnessed the incident. He
then again re-visits the accident scene records his own observation and take
some photographs at accident scene. He makes and completes the accident
investigation and also communicate its findings to the workers.
3. Provide safe and healthy working condition: As we can see in the scenario that
the work is done by keeping “Safety First” in mind which is reflected in behaviour
of the workforce. Also, manager has worked extremely hard in managing risk
beyond legal standards which will eventually help in providing safe and healthy
working condition.
4. Providing safe plant and equipment for office and mobile workers: In the
mentioned scenario, we observed that car entry area is in rear of workshop
building and pedestrian access is from front separating both area is safe for
workers. Four post vehicle lift is available for easy working.
5. Providing safe handling and use of substances: As we observed that
organisation invest in latest technology and equipment for tyre fitting. This will
help in safe handling and achieving zero lost time accident.
6. S.M.A.R.T: As we see manager believes in realistic goals and work towards
achieving it, like approach of achieving zero LTI which he believes is achievable.
7. Meeting Legal Requirements: In the scenario manager of the organisation
ensures legal compliance to avoid enforcement action and criminal proceedings.
Because of which organisation achieved certification of health and management
system. In external audit zero non-conformities were found.
8. Identifying H&S hazards and risks at workplace: We observed in the scenario
that Hazard Identification and its risk assessment and safe system of work are
developed with input from workers and followed by workforce too. Manager
himself carry out workplace inspections to identify and mitigate hazards at
workshop.
9. Provide adequate training: We observed that the workers at workshop receives
adequate health and safety information and inductions. We also see that one tire
fitter was also properly trained to be a first-aider.
10. Providing Health and safety information to workers: In the mentioned
scenario we observed that wall of building corridor is mounted with framed health
and safety documents, H&S policy and public liability insurance which are readily
available for workers as information. Also, proper induction and safety information
is given to workshop workers.
11. Consulting workers: We observe that manager informally talks with worker
about health and safety. We also see that finding of the accident investigation is
communicated to the workers.

Hence sighting the above examples from the scenario, we can clearly state that this
mentioned organisation’s general policy statement for health and safety was adequate
and this policy is implemented to most extent according to my point of view.

Task 3: Demonstrating management commitment

Question 3
Management commitment is an important part of health and safety culture. Management
must be noticeable on the ground level by setting examples themselves by following all
safety precautions and dealing with safety breaches instantly and proactively. The
manageOr has shown his reliable leadership quality very actively and this can be seen by
below examples from the scenario:

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 1. Manager is seen regularly in the tyre fitting workshop, monitoring and reviewing
the health and safety at workplace and communicating informally to trained
workers about health and safety.
2. Though he needs to show profit also but the approach of manager is of safety first,
which in return is reflected in the behaviour of the workforce.
3. As a manager he could have done only little and required things but he worked
extremely hard in managing risks beyond legal and accredited standard
requirements. He is proactive and goes beyond the limit to make his workplace
safe for his workforce.
4. As we can see that the safe system of work is implemented and understood by
the workforce. Manager ensured that the risk assessment and safe system
developed with the input from the workers.
5. Manager ensured that latest and suitable technology and equipment are
provided to worker for smooth working.
6. As we can see in the above scenario that the Manager was instrumental in
achieving certification of organisation’s health and management system.
7. Manager managed to receive zero non-conformities when the organisation was
externally audited, this shows his shear commitment and determination towards
health and safety culture of the workshop.
8. Manager ensures that all workforce is adequately trained and competent to
carry out work assigned to them
9. In the mentioned scenario, Manager ensures that culture of incident reporting
and investigation is fostered. He himself understands how important it is to
identify root cause of any incident to prevent repeat accidents.
10. We see that when incident took place at workshop, manager himself visited the
accident place to remain there until further help arrives.
11. After the injured person is shifted to local hospital, manager could have instructed
other workers to continue the work but he instructs other tyre fitters to stop work
and leave everything in the workplace.
12. Manager knowing his own responsible, notified the enforcement authority of the
accident, submitting an online report form
13. He himself recorded and completed the incident investigation and after
completing the investigation, the finding were communicated to the workforce.
With the above mentioned scenario based examples, we can see how effectively and
proactively the manager demonstrate his commitment towards health and safety of the
workplace.

Task 4: Determining organisational factors positively influencing behaviour at

work

Question 4
The behaviour of workers at workplace can be affected or influenced in different
manners. Organisational factor is one of the human factors that influences workers
positively or negatively at workplace. Mentioned below are some organistional factor that
would positively influence health and safety behaviour of worker:

1. Setting and publication of health and safety policy: We observed that the health
and safety policy of the organisation is framed and documented on the walls of
workshop building corridor. This health and safety policy will determine
commitment of the management.
2. Health and Safety targets: We observe that workshop manager has set goals and
targets of achieving zero lost time accident each which he believes is a realistic
goal and he works hard for this. This target and goal setting will be motivated
workforce in achieving the same.

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 3. Risk assessment: Organisation have developed suitable risk assessments with
input from the workers. This will help in controlling risk to employees, visitors and
contractors, etc. Following and readily availability of risk assessments imparts
positive behaviour in workers as they have written procedural controls to avoid
risks.
4. Safe system of work: This organisational factor of safe system work influence
workforce to behave in a positive manner.
5. Effective reporting culture: As we observe that manager foster a culture of
incident reporting and investigation that identifies root cause to prevent repeated
incident. This reporting culture will influence positive health and safety behaviour
in workers.
6. Accident investigation: A serious accident investigation is very important to
influence positive behaviour of workers as the result of investigation are shared
with workers.
7. Emergency preparedness: As we observe in the above scenario, there is an
effective emergency procedure at the workplace. When accident took place first
aide is given properly, the ambulance arrives, etc. This will also influence safe
behaviour in workers

Task 5: Accident investigation

Question 5 (a)
As we see that when accident occurs the managers asks all worker in the workshop to
stop the work and leave everything in the incident location as it is for time being, so that
scene of the accident can be secured.
Securing incident of the accident is one of the initial and foremost things to do to allow
proper investigation of the incident. After the incident if the workplace is not secure then
there is high probability that physical evidence and memory of what occurred may
disappear.

One can gather information by drawing sketches, taking photographs etc prior to cleaning
and start work normally. This stops evidences at site from being corrupted, scenes
maligned, items can be removed etc. By securing accident scene we can answer the
questions where, when and who of investigation procedure.

Ref: HSG-245 Investing accident and incident.

Question 5 (b)
The moment accident took place the manager went to the accident place to be there till
the helps arrives. Then after when injure person was moved to local hospital, the
manager instructed other tyre fitters to stop work and leave everything in the workshop
as it is for the time being.

Question 5 (c)
Based on the above scenario, the manager foremostly

 Secured the scene of accident by stopping all other worker to stop the work and
leave everything in the workshop as it is for time being.
 He then recorded the observation of witness(customer) using his mobile phone
by taking his permission.
 Then he revisits the accident scene and personally records the observation my
recorder on the mobile phone.
 He also takes photographs at accident scene to record the scenario of accident as

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 it will be vanished the moment work will start.
 After that he collects information from the second witness(first-aider) who has
seen happening accident.

Task 6: Reactive and active monitoring

Question 6 (a)
Reactive measure is monitoring method in which the recorded information of health and
safety data of an organisation is reviewed and actions are take based on the available
data. Below are some reactive(lagging) monitoring measures that could be readily used
by tyre fitting organisation:

 Accident report book: Accident report book is used to record any accident
occurred at workplace with minute details and this helps in coming to conclusion
that what went wrong. Tyre fitting workshop can use this report book to get
information about their shortcomings and take necessary measure to avoid such
incidents in future.
 Complaints from workers: Any written complaints from the workers can be
reviewed by the workshops and if its important certain measure can be taken to
close that complaint to avoid any mishaps.
 Investigating accident/incident: Investigation of any incident is very necessary to
come on conclusion that what went wrong and what led to that accident. Then
findings of that investigation report will be shared with workers and certain control
measure could be applied accordingly.
 Data of injuries or ill health, including sickness/absence: It is seen in the above
scenario that the manager temporarily uses to cover for workers when they are
absent occasionally. Record about absenteeism could be helpful in identifying the
types of sickness workers are suffering from and if it is work related sickness then
certain measure could be taken to avoid those.
 Enforcement actions: According to scenario, enforcement action can be used to
against some lagging points by the organisation to force workshop to adhere to
certain control measure and take required action.

Question 6 (b)
Active Monitoring attempts to identify, evaluate and control hazards and risks before they
lead to accidents. Mentioned are the active(leading) monitoring measure that could be
readily available by the workshop:

 Safety Audits: We observed that in scenario tyre fitting organization conducts

external audits. External audits help finding any shortcoming at workplace and
specifies certain control measure to be applied for compliance.
 Safety Inspection: In the mentioned scenario, manager frequently conducts
inspections at workshop.
 Benchmarking: Manager has set a goal of zero lost time accident each year and
he works very hard to achieve that goal. This is another active measure of
workshop.
 Risk assessment: One can review the quantity and quality of risk assessments
available at workplace to actively monitor the efficiency of any control measure.
 Health and safety information, training: Workshop provides its workers with
adequate safety information and training.

Task 7: Emergency procedures in practice

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Question 7 (a)
Based on the scenario listed below are points that worked well with the management of
the emergency:

 First of all, the workers present there did not panicked even though the injured
worker was heavily wounded and unconscious.
 This shows that workers were provided sufficient information and training to
manage the emergency situation.
 Out of five tyre fitters, one was a trained first aider who show the accident and
acted accordingly.
 The first aider instructed his fellow worker to telephone the emergency services.
 The first aid being well trained, placed the injured worker in recovery position and
then closely monitors the situation until help arrives.
 When manager is alerted about the incident, he immediately reached at incident
area to be there if situation deteriorates. He remains there until further help
arrives.
 Being a presence of manager helped in relaxing the customer who got panicked
and anxious. Manager cooled down the situation and managed it efficiently.
 Ambulance arrived on time as the call was made immediately and worker was
taken to local hospital on time.

Question 7 (b)
Presence of one senior, experienced and calm person is must required to handle any
emergency situation in a very efficient manner. Even a small incident can be lethal if not
managed well on time. Presence of senior person at workplace not only boost the morale
of another worker but also stops them to worry and panic. As we observed in the
mentioned scenario, manager efficiently and effectively managed the emergency
situation

So, in the event of manage being off work, below arrangement must be made to manage
similar emergency in future:

 First of all, arrangement of one experienced competent person is must when

the manager is off work. He will be in power of manager until that manager joins
again.
 Emergency preparedness training must be provided to all workers present at
workshop so that they must be aware of do’s and don’ts during emergency.
 Emergency drill must be done from time to time so that workers gets familiar with
the situation and doesn’t panics when real accident occurs.
 Emergency contact numbers must be circulated and pasted at all important
premises of the workshop, so that emergency services can be contacted
immediately when some mishap occurs.

Task 8: The legal reasons for health and safety management

Question 8
An organisation has to follow certain set of legislations within its organisation provide its
worker safer, healthier workplace, cleaner environment and more reliable products and
services. It is legal duty to protect worker from certain harms, so government has brought
health and safety legislation to compel employer to take care of its employees and
environment. Legislation sets rights and responsibilities of employee and employer so
that they can be made accountable for their actions and inactions.

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 In the mentioned workshop according to me below are some legal reasons for the way
health and safety is managed at the workplace:

 Enforcement notices: Manager ensure legal compliance of health and safety to

avoid any enforcement action against its workplace. Enforcement authority can
issue enforcement notice against an employer for any improvement and
prohibition. Enforcement actions further includes but not limited to – providing
information and advice face to face or in writing, serving notice, withdrawing of
approvals, varying licences conditions or exemptions, issuing caution and
prosecution of employer or duty holders. Enforcement action comes under
preventive actions.
 Criminal or civil court proceedings: These are punitive measure in which
criminal or civil courts take actions and imposes fines or imprisonment for
breaches of any legislations. This punishment can be given to an organisation or
to an individual of an employee.
 Compensatory claims: In this an employer can sue an organisation for any
compensation. For example the tyre fitter in the scenario can claim for personal
accidental compensation if company is not willing to pay.

Also, ILO Occupational Safety and Health Convention 1981, C155 says that basic its
duty of employer towards an employee to fulfil basic legal care.

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Documents and Course notes, HSG245 Investigating accident and incident,

sources of information ILO Occupational Safety and Health Convention 1981,
you used in your C155.
examination

End of examination

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Examinations: Technical Learner Guide. All Open Book Examination guidance documents
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Answer sheet IG1_IGC1-0007-ENG-OBE-V1 Aug21 © NEBOSH 2021 page 8 of 8