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PAPER

“Cable Network Transmission Media (Wired) and Wireless Networks

(Wireless)”

COMPILED BY THE GROUP :

ÿ Desy Agrifa Manalu ÿ

Risky Amelya Sebahyang

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MAJOR

TECHNICAL STUDY PROGRAM

TELECOMMUNICATION

MEDAN STATE POLYTECHNIC

2023
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FOREWORD

The writer praises and thanks to the Almighty God who has showered mercy

and His grace so that the author can complete the assignment of papers on Transmission Media

Wired and Wireless Networks.

The author is fully aware that there are still many shortcomings in the preparation of the paper

both in terms of content and writing. For that criticism and suggestions from all parties

is constructive, the writer always hopes for the improvement of this paper in the future
will come.

On this occasion the author would like to thank the supervisor of the course

English and for all the help from all parties so that this paper can be completed.

Hopefully this paper can be useful for writers, readers and interested parties
need.

Medan, 12 April 2023

Writer
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LIST OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3

TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................4

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background.............................................................................................................................5

1.2 Problem Formulation.............................................................................................................6

Purpose of the Problem..................................................................................................................6

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

2.1 Definition of Transmission Media.................................................................................................6

2.2 Definition of Guided Transmission Media (Wire/cable transmission media)...............................6

2.3 Types of Guided Transmission Media (Wire/Cable Transmission Media)....................................7

Definition of Unguided Transmission Media (Wireless Transmission Media)...................................8
Types of Unguided Transmission Media (Wireless Transmission Media)...........................................8

CHAPTER III CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion........................................................................................................................9

3.2 Suggestion................................................................................................................................. 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Data communication is the process of sending and receiving data or information from two or more devices
(devices, such as computers (laptops) or printers and other communication devices) connected in a network.
Transmission Media is a device used to connect one computer to another computer or peripheral. This media
also functions as a data transmission infrastructure from the workstation to the server or as an
information distribution medium.
The types of transmission media include cables, namely Twisted Pair, Coaxial, and Optical Fiber, as well as in the form
of electromagnetic radiation.

The transmission medium is part of the lowest layer of the OSI layers, namely Physical. This
transmission medium is the basic part that is most prioritized before starting data transmission. On the other hand,
this transmission medium is difficult for programmers to master or even ignored because it is considered
only for manual workers. Even though the transmission media is the basis before starting to build
a network to transmit data.
Therefore the author makes a paper entitled "Transmission Media" to answer these problems.

1.2 Problem Formulation

From the description of the background above, some of the problems that will be discussed in this
paper are:

1. What is the definition of Transmission Media ?

2. What is the meaning of Guided Transmission Media (Wire / cable transmission media) ?

3. What is the transmission media that includes the type of Guided transmission media (Transmission Media

wire/cable) ?

4. What is the meaning of Unguided Transmission Media (Wireless Transmission Media) ?

5. What is the transmission media that includes the type of Unguided transmission media (Transmission Media

Wireless) ?

1.3 Problem Objectives

The objectives of writing this paper are:

1. To know the meaning of Transmission Media

2. To know the meaning of Guided Transmission Media (Wire / Cable transmission media)

3. To find out the type of Guided transmission media (Wire / Cable Transmission Media)
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BAB II

DISCUSSION

2.1 DEFINITIONS OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Transmission media is a medium that connects the sender and receiver of information
(data), because of the long distance, the data is first converted into code or a data encryption
process is carried out and the encrypted data will be manipulated in various ways to be converted back
into original data (description process). ).

Transmission media is used in some electronic equipment to connect senders and receivers
so that they can exchange data. Several electronic devices, such as telephones, computers,
televisions, and radios require a transmission medium to receive data.

The characteristics of this transmission media depend on the type of electronic device, the data used
by the electronic device, the level of effectiveness in sending data and the size of the data sent.
There are two types of transmission media, namely :

1. Guided/Cable

Is: Guided transmission media or guided transmission media is a network that uses a cable
system

2. Unguided/Wireless

Are: Unguided transmission media or unguided transmission media is a network that uses a wave
system.

2.2 WIRED/CABLE TRANSMISSION MEDIA (Guided Transmission)

Wire transmission media is also called guided transmission media, meaning that guided
media provides a physically limited signal transmission path. Signals that pass through these media are
directed and limited by the physical boundaries of the media. Twisted pair and coaxial cable use metal
conductors that receive and transmit signals in the form of electric current. Optical fiber or optical fiber
receives and transmits data signals in the form of light.

1.2 TYPES OF WIRE/CABLE TRANSMISSION MEDIA (Guided Transmission)

1. STP Cable ( Shielded Twisted Pair )

STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) cable is a type of cable used in computer networks. This cable
contains two pairs of wires (four wires) each pair twisted. STP cables are more resistant to
interference caused by a bent cable position. In STP cables, the attenuation will increase at high
frequencies, causing crosstalk and signal noise
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1. Speed and output: 10-100 Mbps

2. Average cost per node: slightly expensive compared to UTP and coaxial
3. Media and connector size: medium

4. Maximum cable length allowed : 100m ( short ).

2. UTP Cable ( Unshielded Twisted Pair )

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cables are widely used in computer network installations.
This cable contains four pairs of wires, each pair of which is twisted. This cable is not equipped
with a shield (unshielded). UTP cable is easy to install, small in size, and costs less than
other types of media. UTP cable is very vulnerable to the effects of electrical interference from
the surrounding media.

1. Speed and output: 10 – 100 Mbps

2. Average cost per node: inexpensive

3. Medium and size: small

4. Maximum cable length allowed : 100m (short).

UTP cable has many advantages. Besides being easy to install, small size, also the price
cheaper than other media Disadvantages of UTP cable is the range of the effects of electrical
interference originating from the media or devices around it. UTP cable is widely used for
the practice of network administrators because cable can be used as an effective and reliable
medium.

3. Coaxial Cable

Coaxcial cable is the transmission medium that will be most widely used in Local Area
Networks (LAN) and is the choice of many people because apart from being cheap, this type of
cable is also easy to use.

Coaxcial consists of two conductors shaped to operate over a large frequency band.
It consists of two core conductors and is surrounded by small wires. Between the core
conductor and the surrounding conductors are separated by an insulator (jacket or shield).
Coaxcial cable is less likely to interfere due to the shield. Coaxcial can be used for long
distances and supports more terminals on a single line.

This coaxial cable is divided into 2 parts, namely baseband coaxial cable (50 ohm cable)
used for digital transmission and broadband coaxial cable (75 ohm cable) used for
analog transmission.

4. Fiber Optic

Fiber optic cable is a networking medium that can be used for modulation transmission.
When compared to other transmission media, fiber optic has a higher price.
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but sufficiently resistant to electromagnetic interference and capable of operating at high data rates and
capacities.

Fiber optic cable can transmit tens of millions of digital bits per second on an optical cable link

operating in a commercial network. This is enough to deliver thousands of phone calls.

Some of the advantages of fiber optic cables are :

• Speed

Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds, reaching gigabits per second.

• Bandwidth

Fiber optic is capable of carrying packets with large capacity.

• Distance

Signals can be transmitted further without requiring any "refresh" or "amplification"

treatment.

• Resistance

Strong resistance to electromagnetic effects generated by electronic devices such as radios,

motors, or even other transmission cables around it.

• Maintenance

Fiber optic cables are relatively inexpensive to maintain.

The types of fiber optic cables are:

1. Single mode cable is a single fiber of glass fiber which has a diameter of 8.3

up to 10 microns. (one micron is about 1/250th the thickness of a human hair)

2. Multimode cable is a cable consisting of multi-fiber glass fiber, in combination

(range) diameter of 50 to 100 microns. Each fiber in a multimode cable is capable of carrying

independent signal distinct from other fibers in the cable bundle.

3. Plastic Optical Fiber is the latest plastic-based cable that has a familiar performance

with a single mode cable, but the price is a bit cheap.

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The working principle of optical fiber transmission is as follows:

• Light from a source enters a glass cylinder or plastic core. • The light beam

is reflected and operated along the fiber, while some is absorbed by the surrounding material. • Propagation

in single mode provides better

performance than multimode, because with multimode transmission, each beam travels a path of different

length and this results in transfer times in the fiber causing signal elements to spread out in time, so that

the received data may be inaccurate , because there is only one

transmission line in single mode transmission, then distortion will not occur. On fiber optics

There are 3 types of transmission, namely single mode, multimode and multimode graded index.

Advantages of optical fiber compared to other media:

1. Small transmission attenuation

2. Wide frequency field

3. Small size and light weight

4. No interference

1.3 WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA

1. Definition of Wireless Transmission Media

Wireless transmission media or what is also called unguided transmission is a data transmission
medium that does not require cables in the transmission process, this unguided or wireless medium utilizes an
antenna for transmission in air, vacuum or water. For transmission, the antenna spreads electromagnetic energy
into the medium (usually air), while for signal reception, the antenna captures electromagnetic waves from the medium.
There are basically two types of configurations for wireless transmission.

1. Unidirectional

For a unidirectional configuration, the transmitting antenna outputs a concentrated electromagnetic signal;
the transmitting and receiving antennas must be aligned carefully. Generally, the higher the frequency of a signal, the
more likely it is to focus it into a unidirectional beam.

2. All Directions

For an all-direction configuration, the transmitted signal spreads widely in all directions and is received
by multiple antennas.

2.3 TYPES OF WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA ( Unguided Transmission )

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1. Microwaves

Satellite Microwave

The communications satellite is a microwave relay station. Used to connect two or more
microwave transmitters or receivers to the ground, known as earth stations or ground stations. Satellite is
particularly suitable for television broadcast distribution and is also used for point-to-point exchange between
telephone exchanges on public telephone networks.

1. Microwaves

Microwave is the high-end of RF (Radio Frequency), around 1 – 30 GHz.

Transmission with a microwave there are several things that need attention :

Frequency allocation

• Interference, Security

• Must be straight-line (line-of-sight propagation)

• Distance without repeater between 10 – 100 km

2. Infrared (Infra Red)

Infrared is the first generation of wireless connection technology used for mobile devices. InfraRed is an
electromagnetic wave radiation with a longer wavelength than red waves but shorter than radio waves, namely
0.7 micro m to 1 millimeter. Infrared light has a frequency range of 1011 Hz to 1014 Hz.
Infrared as a data transmission medium also has a regulatory body in accordance with that set by the
Infrared Data Association (IrDA) consortium, infrared light from Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) has a wavelength
of around 875 nm. Until now there are two versions viz

• Versions 1.0 and 1.1.Standard from IrDA

Are both versions of infrared only lies in the amount of data that can be transferred in one packet. Version 1.0 of
infrared has speeds from 2.4 to 115.2 Kbps.

• While version 2.0 has speeds from 0.576 to 1.152 Mbps. Infrared has two

speed because the structure of data transmission on this interconnection is quite unique.
The infrared connection process works in a very simple way. When a meeting occurs in
between two devices with the interconnection there will be an anonymous recognition between the two
devices.
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The advantages of infrared in data transmission

1. Data transmission by infrared can be done at any time, because it is sent by infrared
infrared does not need a signal.

2. Sending data with infrared can be said to be easy because it is a powerful tool
simple.

Infrared weakness in data transmission

1. In sending data with infrared, the two infrared holes must face one
each other. This makes it rather difficult for us to transfer data because of the different way

bother.

2. Infrared is very harmful to the eyes, so don't even get infrared light
about eyes

3.Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless (wireless) communication technology that operates in the 2.4 GHz
unlicensed ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequency by using a frequency hopping transceiver that is capable of
providing data and voice communication services in real-time between Bluetooth hosts. with a limited range of services.

This technology was pioneered by Ericsson, which is currently starting to displace the dominance of infrared for
mobile devices (HP, PDA), this technology has been developed by a consortium, namely the Bluetooth
Special Interest Group (SIG). Bluetooth coverage can reach up to 10 meters and media flexibility is not
hindered. Unlike other media such as infrared or Wi-Fi, Bluetooth allows connection between any electronic
device and not just computers.

The advantages and disadvantages of Bluetooth are:

The advantages of Bluetooth

1. Bluetooth can penetrate walls and other obstacle media but still has to be at a distance
maximum 10 meters.

2. Bluetooth technology does not require cables or other media to transfer data.

3. Bluetooth can synchronize data from cellphone to computer or vice versa.

4. Bluetooth has low power usage and can be used as a modem intermediary.

Disadvantages of bluetooth

1. Bluetooth technology still uses the same frequency as a LAN network.

2. In Indonesia, there are many viruses that can spread via Bluetooth
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3. A lot of Bluetooth security must be considered to prevent data transfer from failing.

4.Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless connection like a cellphone using radio technology
so that users can transfer data quickly and safely. Wi-Fi is short for Wireless Fidelity, which means a set of
standards used for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) based on the IEEE 802.11 specification. Newer standards
than the 802.11a or b specifications, such as 802.16 g, are currently under development, these new specifications
offer many improvements ranging from greater coverage area to transfer rates.

Difference Between Wireless Network and WIRE (Cable Network)

Advantages :

1. Low maintenance costs (only includes cell stations, not like cable networks

covering the entire cable),

2. The infrastructure is small in dimension,

3. Development is fast, easy to develop (eg with microcell concepts and techniques

frequency reuse),

4. Easy and cheap to relocate and supports portability.

Weakness :

Expensive equipment costs (this weakness can be eliminated by developing and producing
electronic component technology so as to reduce network costs), large delays, radio propagation
problems such as obstructions, reflections and many sources of interference (this weakness can be
overcome by modulation techniques, antenna diversity techniques , spread spectrum techniques etc.), network
capacity faces spectrum limitations (frequency bands cannot be widened but can be utilized efficiently with
the help of various techniques such as spread spectrum/DS-CDMA) and data security (confidentiality) is less
secure.
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CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

Transmission media is a medium that connects the sender and receiver of information (data),
because of the long distance, the data is first converted into code or a data encryption process is carried
out and the encrypted data will be manipulated in various ways to be converted back into original data
(description process). ).

The characteristics of this transmission media depend on the type of electronic device, the data used
by the electronic device, the level of effectiveness in sending data and the size of the data sent.
There are two types of transmission media, namely :

1. Guided/Cable

Is: Guided transmission media or guided transmission media is a network that uses a cable
system

2. Unguided/Wirelees

Are: Unguided transmission media or unguided transmission media is a network that uses a wave system.

In data communication there are several elements so that a communication process can
take place properly. These elements can be data sources, media and data recipients.
In data communication, the media used are wired and wireless. Orbit participation, signal
hijacking, and the role of Intelsat and organizational competition in the international arena affect satellite
capability. The satellite system that is widely used today is the non-regenerative satellite. The
use of a regenerative satellite system will cause the price of the satellite to be expensive.
It is undeniable that at present, mobile communications is playing an increasingly significant role in
meeting the needs of telecommunications, especially mobile systems. Currently the number of
telephone users has reached ±1 billion and this figure exceeds the number of fixed telephone network users.
So that at that time wireless communication will be the dominant mode of access technology.
The number of wireless LANs that are active with the default configuration will make it easier for hackers
to take advantage of the network illegally. The default configuration of each wireless device vendor should
be changed so that the security of access to the wifi is better. Wireless network security can be improved
by not only using one of the techniques discussed above, but by using a combination of several of
these techniques so that security is guaranteed. The wireless layout and power/transmit power settings
of an Access Point can also be done to reduce the risk of wireless misuse. Make sure the area that is
reached is only the area that is actually used by the user. For wireless security solutions, you can use the
protocol that has been provided, namely WPA2Radius or often called RSN/802.11i.
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Suggestions

This paper still has various types of shortcomings, so we really hope for constructive
suggestions.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Slamet. 2006. Setting modem speedy Http://slamkendal.multiply.com

/journal/item/1/setting_modem_speedy (accessed March 08, 2015)

https://www.academia.edu/5160635/MAKALAH_WIRE_LAN_DAN_WIRELES

Stallings William. 2006.” Computer Organization And Architecture 8th ed.”, New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.