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Name: Group:

Connectors: 2º Bachillerato

Connectors of CAUSE and RESULT

They are used to show the influence of one action on another. A connector of CAUSE is
always followed by a reason why something happens. Typical connectors of cause are:
because (of), due to, as a result of, or since. A connector of RESULT is followed by the
consequence of an action. Typical connectors of result are: therefore, consequently, so,
thus, as a result, that is why, or for this reason.

Exercise. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Make any
necessary changes.
a. Because of the bad weather, nobody arrived. (since)

b. This computer is less expensive, so I’m going to buy it. (because)

c. Your weight is too high. Therefore, you’ll have to go on a diet. (as a result of)

d. Tom can’t participate in sport because he’s got health problems. (because of)

Connectors of PURPOSE
They are used to show the reason for something:
TO / IN ORDER TO / SO AS TO + INFINITIVE
SO THAT + subordinate clause which usually includes can/could
Eg: I went with you to help you
I went with you so that I could help you
NEGATIVE: NOT TO / IN ORDER NOT TO / SO AS NOT TO
Eg: We left early so as not to be late

Exercise. Choose the correct connector.

a. I’m sending out my CV to many companies in order to / so that I can increase my
chances of getting a job.
b. It’s important to dress smartly so as to / so that make a good impression.
c. We spoke quietly so as to / so as not to disturb anyone.

Inma López, IES Vicente Medina, English Department

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Connectors of ADDITION and CONTRAST

Connectors of ADDITION introduce additional information or help the writer connect similar
ideas. Typical connectors of addition are: furthermore, moreover, besides, also, too, or in
addition. Connectors of CONTRAST help connect opposing ideas. Typical connectors of
contrast are: however, although, in spite of, despite, on the one hand .... on the other
hand, but, or even though. +
Remember: in spite of NOUN
Despite VERB (-ing)
Eg: In spite of the rain, we went out
In spite of being raining, we went out

Exercise. Complete the sentences with the expressions below. There

may be more than one correct answer.

in spite of moreover although however

in addition furthermore what’s more despite

a. Young people need to enjoy their freedom. ……………………, they also need to get used
to life in the real world.
b. …………………… they have broken up, Pete and Jill have remained good friends.
c. Tim arrived late. ……………………, he couldn’t stay for the entire meeting.
d. Sue decided to buy a flat …………………… the fact that it was very expensive.

Exercise. Complete the sentences in a logical manner.

a. We went ahead with our plans in spite of ...

b. The food at the restaurant was terrible. Moreover, ...

c. Helen agreed to go to the wedding although ...

d. Exercise is very healthy for your body. In addition, ...

e. Emma wants to move out of her parents’ house. However, ...

Inma López, IES Vicente Medina, English Department

 archibilingual.wordpress.com / dedicatedfollowerofenglish.com

Connectors of SEQUENCE and TIME EXPRESSIONS

They can help the writer clarify the order in which events occur. These are some of the most
common: first, next, finally, when, as soon as, the next thing, until, by the time, it all
began, or during.

Exercise. Complete the sentences with a suitable connector of

sequence or time expression.
a. Everyone waited patiently …………………… the gates were opened.
b. It’s a long story, but …………………… my sister found a puppy in the street.
c. …………………… she got home, everyone was already asleep.
d. …………………… the ceremony, people stood still and listened to the speeches.
e. We stopped the car …………………… we realised there was a problem.

Exercise. Choose the correct answer.

a. To begin with / It all began when a boy walked into our classroom.
b. We’re all exhausted. Nevertheless / Although we’d like to see the show.
c. Finally / By the time the year was over, we were all good friends.
d. We didn’t keep in touch while / during the summer.
e. We bought everything we needed. After / Then we took it all home and began to prepare
a meal.
f. The guide knew a lot of history. Moreover / However, he was very interesting.

Inma López, IES Vicente Medina, English Department