SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Oral Communication
Context
Module No. 8
Strategies for Effective
Communication

First Semester
Second Quarter
8 hours

Hi, welcome to Senior High School! I am so delighted to

see you!

You must have been experiencing a lot of

adjustments now that classes are on again! Well I
want to let you know we are happy to see you and
we will help you get through with your new learning
adventure. Through this module, your learning ride
will be easier and more fun!

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 What I Need To Know

For the Learners

Congratulations for completing the previous modules! You are now ready
for the next step which is learning how to use various communicative strategies
in different situations. To learn more effectively, do not forget to enjoy learning.
Good luck!

Module Content

This module will help you become effective communicators. This is where you
start to apply strategies that will help you be at ease in communicating with others.
You will also see the significance of learning the different speech context, style and
act which are all useful in communication.

These are the competencies included in this module:

 Employs various communicative strategies in different situations

(EN11/12OC-IIab-21)
 Explains that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and
communicative strategy affects the following: (EN11/12OC-IIab-22)
 Language form (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.1)
 Duration of interaction (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.2)
 Relationship of speaker (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.3)
 Role and responsibilities of the speaker (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.4)
 Message (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.5)
 Delivery (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.6)

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 GENERAL INSTRUCTION

To do well in this module, you need to remember the following:

1. Please DO NOT write anything in this module. You will write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper. This will be submitted to the teacher.
2. Read texts carefully so that you can easily comprehend what you are
reading.
3. Answer questions with all honesty. Success does not come from copying
from others. It is made possible by trying hard on your own so that you can
learn even from your mistakes.
4. Review your answers. It is safe to go back and think about what you have
written. This can help you lessen if not avoid errors.
5. Follow instructions given and ask if there is something that you do not
understand.
6. Do the tasks given and do not delay in submitting requirements. This can
help you avoid having a pile of unfinished activities.
7. Feel free to communicate with your teacher. There is no harm in asking for
clarification so that you will not be confused.
8. Remember to review every time you are done answering the activities.
9. Have fun as you learn. This course is very important no matter what your
strand is. When you have fun, you can easily learn the lessons.

What I Know (Pretest)

Let us check your prior knowledge about this module’s coverage.

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write it in your notebook.

1. What are you doing when you start a conversation?

a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Restriction d. Termination
2. What refers to any limitation you have as a speaker?
a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Restriction d. Termination

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3. What pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversation floor?
a. Repair c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
4. What covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of
topic in conversations?
a. Repair c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
5. What strategy involves moving from one topic to another?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
6. What refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Repair d. Turn-taking
7. Which refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that
end a topic in a conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Repair d. Termination
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of nomination?
a. Hi! How are you?
b. Have you heard the news today?
c. I have to go now, bye!
d. Can I ask you something?
9. Which of the following is an example of termination?
a. Do you want to say something?
b. I think that is wrong.
c. It’s already time! Let us talk about it next time.
d. Hello Annie!
10. When you say, “Please speak slowly, you are too fast,” what strategy are you
applying?
a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Topic shifting d. Termination

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 LESSON 1:

COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

Objectives
Here are the things that you are expected to learn at the end of this lesson:

1. List down communicative strategies

2. Find appropriate strategies to use in a given situation
3. Use the strategies effectively in communicating

What’s New

Activity 1. What you do

Fill in the boxes with your own ideas about communicative strategies. There
are no wrong or right answers. Your own ideas matter. List down in your notebook
what you usually apply when you communicate with others.

Communicative Strategies

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 What Is It

We need to communicate to others to establish a relationship and to

have better understanding. However, there are times when miscommunication
occurs. It is important that we know how to adjust and be able to communicate
effectively.
1 Cohen (1990) states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a
conversation. Knowing and applying grammar appropriately is one of the most basic
strategies to maintain a conversation. These are the strategies that people use:

Nomination – employed when you try to open a topic

with the people you are talking to. You may start off with
news inquiries and news announcements as they
promise extended talk. This could signal the beginning
of a new topic in the conversation.
Restriction – refers to any limitation you may have as a
speaker. You are given specific instruction that you must
follow. These instructions confine you as a speaker and
limit what you can say.
Turn-taking – pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversation floor. There is a code of behavior behind establishing and sustaining a
productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to
speak.
Topic Control – covers how procedural formality or informality affects the
development of topic in conversations. This is achieved cooperatively. When a topic
is initiated, it should be collectively developed by avoiding
unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts. You can say “Yes,”
“okay,” “go on,” or asking tag questions to be actively involved without
dominating.
Topic shifting – involves moving from one topic to another. You
have to be very intuitive. Make sure that the previous topic was
nurtured enough to generate adequate views. You may say, “by the
way,” “in addition to what you said,” “which reminds me of,” and the
like.

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Figure 1. https://www.needpix.com/photo/1185610/cartoon-interview-news-program-show-tv-channel-smile-report-
looking-to-camera
Figure 2. https://www.needpix.com/photo/1816912/argument-man-angry-silhouette-confrontation-dispute-businessmen-
business-conflict

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Repair – refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. For example, if everybody
in the conversation seems to talk at the same time, give way and appreciate other’s
initiative to set the conversation back to its topic.

Termination – refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that

end a topic in a conversation. Most of the time, the one who initiated the conversation
takes responsibility to signal the concluding cues. You can do this by sharing what
you learned or complete the discussion of the topic.
If you will be able to use these strategies well, you will be good in handling
conversations. You will avoid miscommunication. However, you must also consider
the situation. You must choose your words wisely. What you say must depend on
what the situation calls for.

For example, if you are just talking with friends, then it is alright to be casual and when
you start and end the conversation, you need not be formal. Meanwhile, if you are in
a formal situation, you must start and control the conversation with care. Be polite
whenever you can. You have nothing to lose when you do that.

What’s More

Activity 2. What Strategy

What type of strategy is used in each statement? Write your answer in your
notebook.

____________________1. Do you have anything to say?

____________________2. One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion
is the importance of listening well to others.
____________________3. Excuse me? I think we should talk one at a time.
____________________4. Go on with your ideas. I will let you finish before I say
something.
____________________5. Have you heard the latest news?
____________________6. Hi Jonas! How are you?

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____________________7. Send my regards to them! See you next week!
____________________8. Good to see you. Anyway, I came to visit you because I
want to personally offer apologies for what happened
yesterday.
____________________9. Sorry, I can’t decide on that now. Let us discuss it
tomorrow, okay?
____________________10. Now, it’s your turn to ask me a question.

Activity 3. Your Turn

You have identified the communicative strategies. This time, give your own
examples of statements in the given situations. You may refer to statements in the
previous activity as samples. Use statements that you often say in normal
conversations. Write your answer in your notebook.

Strategies Situation Sample Statements

You want to
talk to your
Nomination teacher.

You are giving

instructions to
Restriction a member.

Your friend is
out of topic.
Topic Control

You want to
talk about food
Topic Shift after
discussing
about the
news.

You will give

your silent
Turn – taking classmate a
chance to
speak.

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 The volume of
the voices is
Repair getting higher.

You want to
end the
Termination conversation
but your friend
is still talking.

Activity 4. Conversations

Create a dialogue or conversations between or among people where each of

the strategies are used effectively. Take note of the situation given and make sure
that you apply the strategies appropriately. Use the given template below. Write your
answer in your notebook.
Situation/Scenario 1: You and your friends are talking about the new movie
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________

Situation/Scenario 2: You are having a meeting with your teacher and

classmates
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 4: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 4: __________________________________________________________

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Situation/Scenario 2: You are trying to stop two debaters in a debate from
quarreling
Speaker1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________

Reflective Questions: Write your answer in your notebook.

1. How can learning the communicative strategies help you?

2. Now that you have learned about these strategies, what will you do next?

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 What I Learned

Remember these key points:

 There are different strategies that people use when

communicating:
o Nomination
o Restriction
o Turn-taking
o Topic shifting
o Topic control
o Repair
o Termination.
 You must be able to employ these communicative strategies
appropriately in any situation

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 What I Can Do

Activity 5. My Own Strategy

Create a comic strip that will show how a good conversation goes. In the
conversation, make sure that you will show ALL the communicative strategies are
applied well. Your scene must be one that actually happens in real life. It can be
about you as students, siblings, or participants in an event. What is important is that
you are able to apply the strategies in the situation well. Write your answer in your
notebook or use a separate sheet if you must. You will be graded base on the rubric
below.

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Rubric for Comic Strip

Category 4 3 2 1

Content Comic Strip Comic Strip Comic Strip Comic Strip

contains all contains all contains only contains only
the required the required some of the has one of the
strategies strategies required required
presented presented strategies strategies
with with presented presented
appropriate appropriate with with
dialogues in dialogues. appropriate appropriate
realistic dialogues. dialogues.
context.

Creativity The comic The comic The comic The comic

strip has strip has strip has strip is very
creative creative creative simple and
illustrations illustrations illustrations ordinary.
and and but a little
organized organized disorganized
format. It is format. in format.
very
attractive to
the eye.

Accuracy The The There are a There are

dialogues are dialogues are few errors in several errors
written written grammar, in grammar,
correctly in correctly in punctuation punctuation
terms of terms of and spelling. and spelling.
grammar, grammar,
punctuation, punctuation,
and spelling. and spelling.
Thus, ideas
are clear.

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Self-Check!

Great job! You have completed Lesson 1 successfully! Before going to the
next lesson, choose the icon that best shows your learning experience. Write the
description of the icon in your notebook.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach what I learned
to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other things that I
need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I need

help in some tasks.

If you have chosen the first icon, you are ready for lesson 2. If you have chosen
the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have
chosen the third icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your teacher,
parents, or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find difficult. Be honest so that you
will truly improve.

Additional Activity

After doing the activities:

I noticed
___________________________________________________
A question I have is
___________________________________________________
I’m not sure
___________________________________________________
I realized
___________________________________________________

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 LESSON 2:

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Objectives
Here are the things that you are expected to learn at the end of this lesson:
1. Explain that a shift in speech context, style, act and communicative strategy
affects the following:
a. language form
b. duration of interaction
c. relationship of speaker
d. role and responsibilities of the speaker
e. message
f. delivery
2. Use appropriate language in a given situation
3. Communicate effectively in different situations

What’s New

Activity 1. Review
Fill in this diagram with what you learned in the previous lesson. Try to include
also what you learned about speech context, speech style and speech act. Write your
answer in your notebook.

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 What Is It

You have learned about the different speech context, speech style, speech act
and communicative strategies. Why do we need to know all of these?
We need to know the speech context so that we will know what style and act to
use in communicating with others. We can choose the best words to say in applying
the communicative strategies. Whenever there is a shift on any of these, the language
form, duration of interaction, relationship of speaker, role and responsibilities of the
speaker, message and delivery are affected. Therefore, all of these can affect how
we approach, what we say, and how long we to speak with others.
For example,
A.
Approach Situation: you and your best friends are talking
Context: Dyad Style: Casual
Language Form Less formal words, use those that you both
understand
Duration of interaction Not very long unless you are in a hurry
Relationship of speaker Friends
Role and responsibilities of Make each other feel happy or comfortable
the speaker
Message Funny experiences
Delivery Extemporaneous, not rehearsed

B.
Approach Situation: you are talking to your guidance
counselor
Context: Dyad Style: Consultative
Language Form A bit formal and serious
Duration of interaction There is a time limit from 10-30 minutes
Relationship of speaker Professional
Role and responsibilities of Speaker must be polite and honest
the speaker
Message Personal experience
Delivery Clear and extemporaneous
You will see that there is a difference in the approaches if the context is
different. What is important is you know what is the APPROPRIATE approach. This
is the best way to become effective in our communication with others. It is not enough
that you know the concepts. You have to understand how to use them, where to apply
and when to adjust. Before you know it, you have already been a good speaker!

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 What’s More

Activity 2. Try it yourself

Fill in the tables with appropriate approach. Write your answer in your
notebook.

Approach Situation: You are having a meeting with your

family
Context: small group Style: intimate
Language Form

Duration of interaction

Relationship of speaker

Role and responsibilities of

the speaker
Message

Delivery

Approach Situation: You are asked to give the opening

remarks of the school orientation program
Context: Public Style: Formal
Language Form

Duration of interaction

Relationship of speaker

Role and responsibilities of

the speaker
Message

Delivery

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Activity 3. Evaluate

Look at the given pictures. Find out what style, context, act and strategies are
evident in the situation. How should the speakers speak? Write your answer in your
notebook.

https://www.wallpaperflare.com/illustration-of-people-waiting-
at-a-bus-station-talking-building-wallpaper-aaydx

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Reflective Questions:

1. How does the shift of speech context, style, act and strategies affect the way
you communicate?

2. Why are these lessons important?

What I Learned

Remember these key points:

 A shift in speech context, style, act and communicative strategy

affects the following:
o language form
o duration of interaction
o relationship of speaker
o role and responsibilities of the speaker
o message
o delivery
 You must be able to adjust and speak appropriately in any situation

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 What I Can Do

Activity 4. Script Write

Write a script for a one-act play that shows how a teenager has become a bad
speaker to a good speaker after learning that a shift in speech context, style, act and
communicative strategy affects how he or she should approach in a given situation.
You can think of any character, setting, and other elements in a play. If there is a
chance, you will use this script to present the play. Write your script in your notebook.
Rubric for Script:

Category 4 3 2 1

Content The script Comic Strip Comic Strip Comic Strip

contains all the contains all the contains only contains only
required required some of the has one of the
elements elements required required
(style, context, (style, context, elements elements
act) presented act) presented presented with presented with
with with appropriate appropriate
appropriate appropriate dialogues. dialogues.
dialogues in dialogues.
realistic
context.

Creativity The script has The script has The script has The comic
creative way of creative way of simple way of strip is very
showing the showing the showing the simple and
situation and situation and situation but a ordinary.
organized flow organized flow little
of events. It is of events. disorganized
very in the flow of
interesting. events.

Accuracy The script lines The script There are a few There are
are written dialogues are errors in several errors
correctly in written grammar, in grammar,
terms of correctly in punctuation punctuation
grammar, terms of and spelling. and spelling.
punctuation, grammar,
and spelling. punctuation,
Thus, ideas are and spelling.
clear.

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Self-Check!

Great job! You have completed Lesson 2 successfully! Before going to the
next lesson, choose the icon that best shows your learning experience. Write the
description of the icon in your notebook.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach what I learned
to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other things that I
need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I need

help in some tasks.

If you have chosen the first icon, you are ready for the next module. If you have
chosen the second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you
have chosen the third icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your
teacher, parents or peers in clarifying the lessons that you find difficult. Be honest so
that you will truly improve.

Additional Activity

After doing the activities:

I noticed
___________________________________________________

A question I have is
___________________________________________________

I’m not sure

___________________________________________________

I realized
___________________________________________________

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 Visit these links for more information about the lessons in this module. Review
and study before you answer the post-test below.

Links for Enrichment:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2zGIN8IVKQ&feature=share

communicative strategies accessed May 12, 2020

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMv2fAWrP_8&feature=share

communicative strategies accessed May 12, 2020

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlo2d_65h8Y&feature=share

examples of context, style, act and strategies accessed May 12, 2020

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coPGjFRFPMQ&feature=share

examples of context, style, act and strategies accessed May 12, 2020

What I Know (Post Test)

Let us check how much you have learned in this module’s coverage.
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. All of these are affected when there is a shift in speech context and speech
style. Which does NOT belong to the group?
a. Topic Control c. Delivery
b. Language Form d. Message
2. Which of the following is NOT a communicative strategy?
a. Restriction c. Repair
b. Responsibility d. Termination
3. What pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversation floor?
a. Repair c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking

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4. What strategy involves moving from one topic to another?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
5. What covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of
topic in conversations?
a. Repair c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
6. Which refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that
end a topic in a conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Repair d. Termination
7. What refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Repair d. Turn-taking
8. Which of the following is an example of nomination?
a. Hello, Jazz! How have you been?
b. Please go back to the main topic.
c. I have to leave. Excuse me.
d. Speaking of fun, there is a carnival in town.
9. Which of the following is an example of termination?
a. No, you got it wrong.
b. The correct answer is “true.”
c. Do you know the latest event?
d. Please excuse me, my mom is calling.
10. When you say, “Please tell Geo that the he has to see Ms. Daisy,” what strategy
are you applying?
a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Topic shifting d. Restriction

Remarkable! You have just

completed the lessons, activities and
test on this module! Relax and buckle
up for the next ride to a more exciting
topic and activities in the next module.

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 Answer Key

References:

Deped Curriculum Guide

Sipacio, Philippe John Fresnillo and Balgos, Anne Richie Garcia. Oral Communication in
Context. Quezon City: C&E Publishing House, Inc., 2016.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2zGIN8IVKQ&feature=share
communicative strategies accessed May 12, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMv2fAWrP_8&feature=share
communicative strategies accessed May 12, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlo2d_65h8Y&feature=share
examples of context, style, act and strategies accessed May 12, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coPGjFRFPMQ&feature=share
examples of context, style, act and strategies accessed May 12, 2020

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)
Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1,
Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng
Misamis Oriental

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