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    Vat ligu xuc tac Catalyst materials Noi dung 4. Cac thanh pian cia chat xuc téc ran 2. Phuong phép két ta 3, Phuong phép tim ‘4, Cac phurong phap knac 4. Cac thanh phan ctia chat xtc tac ran a Tae Sree = rea Sk re elelale zlzle Rete [en 2/2 «Pye [2[= tele, dlele[e] eS ova. (sure: Sottero UNDIES OF Inousran calc CESS om We Som 205), aes Acca an esi Tay Ca Sor LORGRM REN ene (usta cama moe io Wi Sos 2008) 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) ‘ACTIVE COMPONENT (CHAT HOAT Tine Cac kim loai ‘Sy chéng lap cc mire nang Iwong dién tt xic tién qua trinh trao déi electron vei chat bi hap phy: cdc phan tng oxy héa khty, trao 4éi nh la: hydro héa, dehydro héa, oxy héa. VD: phan ting oxy héa khit, trao déi nhu a: hydro héa, dehydro héa, oxy hés. 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) ACTIVE COMPONENT (CHAT HoAT rine Chat ban dan nhw oxides, sulfide: C6 cae mic electron cho-nhan > cung cap cae kha nding va oxyhoa ~Kkhir. VD: Phan tng oxy héa, hydordesulfurization, denitrogenation, .. 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) ACTIVE COMPONENT (CHAT HOAT Tne) Chat cach dién (oxides): khéng cé kha nang xi tién qua srinh trao d6i dign tich nhung bé mat co thé chira céc ion H* la cc tam acid rat quan trong treng nhiéu phan ung VD: Phan tmg cracking,... 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) ACTIVE COMPONENT SUPPORT (CHAT HOAT Tne) (cur mane) Er TT ‘ vn ‘an Duy tl bé mat riéng Ion la no’ lwu tri eta cdc edu tr Cacknen | Rei | stagione NL ce {eonaucr0rs) = nyorogeroyes — |-9, UH,Ag noe! Gong sia 0 ceeomies | ream | sac [0.20 co Chdt mang thong dung c6 bé mat nea sy ALO; (comeina) Shrzewmvee —_|-c105 Hes, md cieontes | cotonum | “romeraion |, 805.40, c (esses) | Genmsn | “komen | S8ranor e Tae” | concung lays Teumeten | 2eots 5i0,-A,0, orm 2 rms » 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) ‘SUPPORT (cHAT Ma) ‘Chat mang phéi dam bao yéu cau vé d@ bén nhiét (co nhigt d6 néng chay cao) mi 32073 ‘20 2889 210; 2088 An: 2310 213 S10, 1973 ym a 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) ‘SUPPORT (cHAT Ma) 186 xép: la cAn thiét 68 tang dign tich bé mat riéng, {uy nhin dang va kich thud [6 x6p a yéu t6 quan trong khi qua trinh khuéch tan bj gidi han. Hoat tinh xue tée: Chat mang khdng nén cé hoat_ tinh xic tac vi sé xu tién cc phan Gng phy khong mong muén, VD: Cac oxide duoc nung 6 nhiét d6 rét cao sé hau inhu khdng 6 hoat tink, nhung ob bé mat riéng thép. ym a re yp Psp rm Cie Sa) iene toms rey ve ‘agate ‘o 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) SUPPORT (CHAT MAN) Twong téc “‘chét mang-chét hoat tinh”: Hoat tinh cca chat xc téc c6 nh hung béi sy twong tac Cu tt xc téc-chét mang. Chat mang an huéng true tiép dén sy phan bé cau tir hoat dong. Support Rate [mol m™hri{metal 10°] 10% 0%co SiO, 151 230 ‘ALO; 37 185, |oUsTaM CaM ROE Wy om 2008) SIO;rAl,03, 7 10 ome a rma ‘Temperature, °C 4. Cac thanh phan ca chat xéc tac ran fy) I pI gpg HET I Egg go Lana Lee einen ane PROMOTER Gib Ky o_o [ rn (CHAT xUC TIEN) La chat them vao thydng [a véi mét yong it anh a huéng dén hoat tinh, d@ chon Ige va d6 bén ciia condi xue tao, “gla Vi eda mon ay a pe ee ae 4 tt : - we Cac chét phy gia tang cwreng hay han ché cac chic ning xic tae dug xép chung vao nhsm promoter. orm as ms 1 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) PROMOTER (cna xue ne) Gilip tang evéng 46 bén nhigt ciia cht mang Vi dy: thém métiugng nhé SiO, ho&e ZrO, vio y= ‘ALO, (1-2%) > qua trinh chuyén hoa dang thu hinh ny sang «-Al,0, cao hon nhiéu so vei ban du (900°C). 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) PROMOTER: (cHar x00 new Gilip ngan chin cde phan tng phy khéng mong muén, vi dy phan tng tg0 e6c. Vi du: thém K* vao qua trinh digu ch& AO, gidm khuynh hung tao 6c ciia chat mang Al,O, nho- trung hda cdc tém acid trén chét mang nay. 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) PROMOTER (cna xue ne) Xiie tién chat hoat tinh xic the Vi dy: Xe tae er0 qua trinh t8ng hep Ammonia (Fi duge xuc tin b6i AIO, va KO ~AI,O, ngéin cn qua trinh sintering (thiGu kt) trong qua trinh khd; én dinh cau tric lop cia xuc tac Fe. = K,0 du d8¢ cée tam acid ea Al,O, 1. Cac thanh phan cia chat xtc tac ran) PROMOTER (car xuC ne) Catalyst Promoters [Cac chive ning ALO, $0520," |THna gob eaeanae Wel Tang 39 acs a0. Hon ch sinter cbs ent hogt an SiOah0, Pt Hi we oxyoacO Cracking cays Creaking catst_| Pe a= an Het hyo is PUALO, Re (idm deter na v8 sing forming calalst 2. Phuong phap két tua (precipitation) Ung dung trong téng hop: i. Chat mang 2. Phuong phap két tua Dung dich smu6i kim loi cor KOH. _ er ‘Na,CO,,. Oi ii. Xuc tac oxit kim loai Rain vé ginh paid te i hinh hay tin — iii, Xe tac trén chét mang ‘6, no8e gel rms a rms n 2. Phuong phap két tla a 2. Phuong phap két tla a (precipitation) (precipitation) encimtanon en Két tua (precipitation) Sle tenon bie ova. a Qué trinh ké: tia bao gém 3 giai doan: () Dung dich qua bao hba (ii) Qua trinh tao mam (ii) Phat trim mam ova. x 2. Phuong phap két tua (precipitation) Riva va loc (Washing and filtering) 4 2. Phuong phap két tua (precipitation) ‘Sy (drying) 4 2. Phuong phap két tua (precipitation) ‘Sy (drying) ‘nin huréng ia nit 5 sy silica hydrogel 2. Phuong phap két tua (precipitation) Nghién (grinding) 4 2. Phuong phap két tua (precipitation) Nung (Calcination) La qua trinh xi; nit them sau khi sy. Mot s6 qua trinh xay ra trong kh nung “Hd H,0.8 CO, nit a hoe + Thay ais pin eh ths pore + Taonén cepa Pet tah 1 bb at “On dt ent cot 2. Phuong phap két ta a (precipitation) Nung (Calcination) Ai60), an TCT esis AG] [m= 11 (oon HERES oe] [Bees eng tn rw Aion me ‘Anh hurting cia it a rung ln kichthude pore AO, (hae Rerson, ones resentencing 208) ova. rms » 2. Phuong phap két tha & 2. Phuong phap két tha & (precipitation) (precipitation) Nung (Galcination) Tao vién 2. Phuong phap két ta a (precipitation) ‘Dua chat hoat tinh lén chét mang (C6 02 qua trinh quan trong xay ra khi dua chat hoat tin len chat mang bang PP kat tla: + Két tia sol ca pha hoat tin len bb mat erat mang (bao 96m cd bé mat pore) + Tuong tac voi bé mat cia chat mang 2. Phuong phap két ta a (precipitation) ‘Dua chat hoat tinh lén chét mang (C6 02 qua trinh quan trong xay ra khi dua chat hoat tin len chat mang bang PP kat tla: + Két tia sol ca pha hoat tin len bb mat erat mang (bao 96m cd bé mat pore) + Tuong tac voi bé mat cia chat mang 2. Phuong phap két ta a (precipitation) ‘Dua chat hoat tinh lén chét mang Cac chi ¥: + Teanh ey tao mém va phat tr nhanh ching vi Kh 6 kich thud Sol qué lon khong thé oi vao ca pore cia chat mang ‘ma ch ket tia bée ngoa + Nen thém bazo ao ting giot va Khudy man, lién tc. ++ BGi kh thu hin & ché d6 lam lanh 68 aim aul tri tao ‘mam va phat tir. + Qua tinh khudy trOn trong PTN la don alan, nhung trong ‘cong nghiep s@ gép van dé kon vé thiétbi, nang luca, 2. Phuong phap két ta a (precipitation) ‘Dua chat hoat tinh lén chét mang Cac chi ¥: + Qua trinh sy cln duge chd y dae big trong tong hop ry 20 v6i trong hop tBng hep ehét mang & tren. Tran oy gia nhigt nhanh gép dp suat ho’ nudic lm tong pore. + Nung s8 chuyén cde dang hydroxide, carbonate vé céc déang bén hom Ia cxide hay kim lagi tay vao khi st dung, ++ Phuong pap nay thicn hop khi phn tan knit ivgng chat host tinh Knoang “0-20%. Vet Luong it hon, nén ding Phuong phap kha. 3. Phuong phdp tam (impregnation) Phuong phap cing trong tng hop xuc tac trén chat ‘mang (supported catalyst) La phuong phép don gian nhat dé dua chat hoat tinh lan chat mang cxnece —> | 3. Phuong phap tam Dung dich smu6i kim loi 3. Phuong phdp tam (impregnation) Mue tiéu la lap day cae pore bang dung dich muéi Oi ndng d6 thich hep dé dat ham lueng tam mong muén. Di vei he théng lim thuzésng dling edsh thm “incipient wetness” (dry impregnation, tm kho) 3. Phuong phap tam (impregnation) Incipient wetness impregnation 3. Phuong phap tam (impregnation) = 4 3. Phuong phap tam a (impregnation) Nung (Qua trinh nung fa qua trinh xi by niet trong mot {rung khi c6 tinh oxy héa (thuéng ding khéng khi) 6 nhit 6 cao han mat chit so vai nhidt a dup kin sé thyc hién phan cng Trong khi nung, 6 nhiGu qua trinh xay ra lam thay 446i chat xuc tac, vi dy tao chat méi bang phan ung, pha rén, qu trish chuyén pha tir dang v6 dinh hinh thanh dang tinh thé, thay d8i cdu tric pore va céc oe cont tinh chat co hoe rms a rms 2 3. Phuong phap tam a 3. Phuong phap tam a (impregnation) (impregnation) Nung ‘86% v6 xc tac kim log trén chat mang, nurg tao nén cae oxide kim loa a tibn chét xe tc, cdc tn chdt ny pha Gauge kind ve dang kien fa {Qu tinh Kh 8 8 thy hign ng dng H (ha long bing N,), CO, hoge cht kh y6u hon chéng han hor vou. {Qua trinn khur nay cong co thé duge én nen ngay tue qua trinh bat au phan ting. Tong tnrég hop may c&n pha (6 sy dibu khién hi6t 6 thich hop. ova. Cu tric pore, bé mat riéng duoc xée dinh va khéng ché bang each iva chen cht mang Cac tinh chét va chu tre chat xd tae phy Fop voi sy ti wu truyén nhigt,truyén khbi drge iva chon truve tir Buse chon. chat mang, Nin chung, kh tang lygng thm hoat tinh cia chdt aie tae 8 ién t6i gia tr gt han. VII do kinht6, trong cac kim loal qui s8 duoc thm vai phan trim kh6i luna 0.05-0.5%. Cac kim lagi khac'sé duoc ding 5-15 %, ym a 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Phuong phap trao déi ion (lon-exchange) Phuong phép sol-gel Phuong phap thy nhiét (hydrothermal) Phuong phap ting hop vat igu mao quan trung binh 4. Cac phuong phap khac a lon-exchange La. qué trnh hp phy cc ion tr dung dich chia cc cation ode anion cd zo diva rao 6bi vb ion sin cb wen bd mat ‘kn nang trae a6! fon eva cae chat mang: + Zeolite cb kra néng ta0 d8i cation menh + SiO, ¢6 khanang hp ph cation yéu +A,0, 06 thé hp phy cd anion vacation yu ++ MgO 06 thé 389 phy man anion + Carbon e6 thé lao cde pve tra0 06 Gn tch vice chat cho electron, ting a chat hp phy yéu cation 4. Cac phuong phap khac a lon-exchange Dung dich chia ion Xe 4. Cac phuong phap khac a lon-exchange Gata (dena 7) TK | Rady aan) ie 4 | Teva, say ACY Catalyst (dang ¥*) }é Zeolite ¥ Zeolite ZSM-S 4. Cac phuong phap khac lon-exchange Tinh acid ota zeolite dugc tao tanh nhephuong phép tra0 di ion: Zeolite (dang Na‘) bg 66 va tho’ gian a tién hanh tao dBi. Ton-oxchange) eae (core) ‘matarentt Zeolite (dang NH") {on exchange NaY wi H* vd La* orm rms % 4 4. Cac phuong phap khac a lon-exchange Giap dibu chinh duge 6 acid ata ché:xic tac thong qua diéu chinh % tra0 a8) fon ava en 4. Cac phuong phap khac Sol-Gel ‘Sol: colloid solution’: dung dich keo, céchat c6 kien thud 1-100 am Gol: & mana huGin6i két vara chat wor 18 xbp ich thudc dud micromet va ede chubl polymer c& chibu da trung binh fn hon micromet Phone oho t8pe hop so-ge a phuona hap tng how vat igu cb bao gbm qua tinh chuyén hoa Sol ~ Ge 4 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Sol-Gel Ung dung ‘Téng hop vat iu vO co mot hay nhiéu pha: Lam chat sae aoa chat nang Téng hop vat ligu nano nhidu pha ‘Téng hop cac vat lidu boc chat hdu co bén trong “Tao lop phi (coating), mang meng (thin fim), mang (membrane) met pha hay nhigu phe. 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Sol-Gel het en mam, ce ~ Gana Gor — foieen oana ‘co, vate 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Sol-Gel ai 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Sol-Gel — hop Al,O, e440, a 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Sol-Gel Téng hgp Al,O, Luu y: (1) Dung méi hiruco (ti 16 dung mBi/H,0) (2) Ti xd tae acd (3) B6 sung cac chat hoat dong bé mat (8) Thay ob au i go yl UB uy i or gn ain) (8) Chuyén née ALO, dang Boehmite thin ede dang Khe bang cach hig 6 cc nint 6b knde nha, 4. Cac phuong phap khac (hydrothermal, solvothermal) La phuong php chinh dng trong t8ng hyp zeolte La qua trinh chuyén hoa hn hop gdm: hop chét cba Si Al, on Kim loai Kiém, cdc phan ti chdt hou co (chat inh hung cfu tric, SDA, Structure-drecting Agent) va ddung dich qua bao ha thanh cfu tric tinh thé vi x6p (microporous) aluminosilicate. ova. 1 4. Cac phuong phap khac (hydrothermal, solvothermal) Nguén Si: ke0 SiO,, ti tinh fag (Na,S0;), silicon alkovdes (Tetra methyl othosicate, THOS, Teta ey! ‘rhnelicate TEOS) Ngubn Ar: gibbste, boehmite, mui AP, aluminium a Ikorides SSDA: Cac phan tiy hou co trung héa hod mang digntich ‘duona ova. 4. Cac phuong phap khac 4. Cac phuong phap khac (hydrothermal, solvothermal) ova. 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Phuong phap thiy nhiét Cac yéu té anh huong (1) Thanh phan ac ohét 2) pH Thing unting 919 (3) Nhigt a9 va fi glan oda qua trinh thcy niet (4) Qua trinn gid ha (Aging) (6) Loai SDA: gnh huéng cfu trbe cA loi zeolite khic 4 . Cac phuong phap khac a Phuong phap thiy nhiét seals 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Phuong phap téng hop vat liéu mao quan trung binh (ty tim hiéu) 4. Cac phuong phap khac a Phuong phap téng hop vat liéu mao quan trung binh pon aS an trerepors) us un tung 2

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