English

Proficiency for
Empowered
Professionals

Julius Ceazar P. Lepran

MODULE 2 – Lesson 2

RHETORIC
“The faculty of observing in any given case the
available means of persuasion.”

- Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

MODULE 2 – Lesson 2
Rhetoric Defined
• Rhetoric is the ancient art of persuasion.
• It’s a way of presenting and making your views
convincing and attractive to your readers or
audience.
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Rhetoric Defined
• Useful academic and professional skill

• Rhetoric matters because arguments matter.

• If you can persuade people to come around to

your point of view, you can be more successful
in all sorts of subjects.
MODULE 2 – Lesson 2
Uses of Rhetoric
• Public Speaking
• Advertisement
• Literature
• Media
• Pop Culture
• Academe
• Work
 MODULE 2 – Lesson 2

Aristotle’s
Rhetorical
Triangle

• Speaker
• Audience
• Message
MODULE 2 – Lesson 2

The Rhetorical Triangle

SPEAKER
Writers use who they are, what they know
and feel, and what they’ve seen and done to
find their attitudes towards a subject and their
understanding of a reader.
MODULE 2 – Lesson 2

The Rhetorical Triangle

SUBJECT/MESSAGE
Considering the subject means that the
writer/speaker evaluates what he or she knows
already and needs to know, investigates
perspectives, and determines kinds of evidence
or proofs that seem most useful.
MODULE 2 – Lesson 2

The Rhetorical Triangle

AUDIENCE
Considering the audience means speculating
about the reader’s expectations, knowledge, and
disposition with regard to the subject writers
explore.
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RHETORICAL APPEALS

Logos
Pathos
Ethos
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LOGOS: Appeal to Logic

• Logic, Reason, Rationality

• Using logic, careful structure,
and objective evidence to appeal to the audience
• Using information that can be fact checked (using
multiple reliable sources) and thorough
explanations to support key points
• providing statistics
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Source: https://bit.ly/31Iv8LH
 MODULE 2 – Lesson 2
PATHOS: Appeal to Emotions

• trying to tap into the audience’s emotions to get them

to agree with the author’s claim.
• an author using pathetic appeals wants the audience
to feel something: anger, pride, joy, rage, or
happiness.
• emotions can make us vulnerable, and an author can
use this vulnerability to get the audience to believe
that his or her argument is a compelling one.
 MODULE 2 – Lesson 2

Source: https://www.pinterest.ca/pin/5348093287593139/
 MODULE 2 – Lesson 2
ETHOS: Appeal to Values/Trust

• Speaker’s credibility and character

• determined by the author’s knowledge and
expertise in the subject at hand
• to establish credibility, an author may draw
attention to who he or she is or what kinds of
experience he or she has with the topic being
discussed as an ethical appeal
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ETHOS: Appeal to Values/Trust

• Some speakers already have an established

credibility
• Character is different from credibility
• A person can be credible but lack character or
vice versa.
• Thus, ethos comes down to trust.
 MODULE 2 – Lesson 2

Source: https://bit.ly/2EQljlz
MODULE 2 – Lesson 2

~ END ~
Further discussion is in the module, so read!