NAME: __DANAO, FRANCIS ALFRED N.

__ DATE SUBMITTED: December 12, 2022

PROJECT FOR THE FINAL PERIOD

I. What is exactly Industrial Engineering?
- Industrial engineering, a subfield of engineering management, focuses on
improving production processes for everything from consumer goods to
large-scale industrial goods. Improvements in productivity, lower
production costs, tighter quality control, worker safety, environmental
protection, and regulatory compliance are all possible outcomes.

Industrial Engineers determine strategies to improve processes. They

contribute significantly to employers by saving money and improving the
workplace for coworkers. Industrial Engineering is the branch of
engineering most directly tied to human resources, as it employs social
skills to collaborate with all types of personnel, including engineers,
salesmen, and upper management. One of the primary priorities of an
industrial engineer is to enhance the working surroundings of people,
rather than the workers themselves. They seek to improve the efficiency of
others. Industrial engineers must have exceptional writing and
presentation skills.

II. What are the common characteristics and personalities of an Industrial

Engineer?
- Industrial Engineers are creative, curious, and like different things.They
are also good at problem-solving and have critical-thinking skills. As a
result of their high extraversion, industrial engineers need stimulating
environments and social interactions to feel fulfilled. They also score
highly on the openness to experience and new ideas scale, suggesting
that they are naturally inquisitive, creative, and appreciative of variety.
- Inquisitive mind
- Negotiation skills
- Listening skills
- Creative problem solving
- Diplomacy
- Patience
- Ability to adapt to many environments and interact with a diverse group of
individuals
- Good common sense
- Continuous desire to learn
- Leadership skills
- Resourcefulness
 - Desire for organization and efficiency
- Good math skills
- Strong time management skills
- Mechanical aptitude
- Excellent communication/salesmanship
- Quantitative skills
- Technical competency
- Continuous drive for improvement
- Passion for improvement

III. Discuss the future of an Industrial Engineer in the Philippines.

- In the Philippines, Industrial Engineering is a very good major to pursue
because it offers many options for employment and advancement.
Because industrial engineers bring such a diverse set of skills to the table,
a growing number of businesses are eager to fill open positions in their
organizations with qualified candidates. Industrial Engineers also earns a
great deal of money, junior IE can expect to receive somewhere around
P12,000 per month.
IV. What types of projects do Industrial Engineers work on? Enumerate as many
as you can.
● Planning how long should the warranty on an automobile or appliance run,
what should it cover, and what will it cost the manufacturer.
● Reducing waiting times for rides at an amusement park
● Integrating computer voice systems for order-pickers in a warehouse
● Planning how often should the sales force of a frozen yogurt company call
on its customers
● Determining what are the most cost-effective precautions to reduce the
occurrence and environmental impact of oil spills
● Determining the reliability and maintenance needs for the air conditioning
system of a hospital
● Managing and tracking progress on the installation of a new baggage
tracking system for an airline
● Discovering a new way to assemble a product that will prevent worker
injury
● Planning the flow of materials to the assembly line in an automobile
factory
● Exploring the impact of adding robots to a manufacturing line
● Designing vehicles for the disabled
● Exploring what’s the most efficient method for routing a long-distance
telephone call
● Improving the quality of cellular phones
● Designing and testing the web page interface for a company
● Designing the admissions procedure at a hospital
V. How do Industrial Engineers benefit society and business?
Industrial engineering provides a methodical strategy for streamlining and
enhancing production and efficiency. The following advantages can be
directly attributed to the efforts of industrial engineers:
- Business techniques that are leaner, more profitable, and more efficient,
while enhancing customer service and quality.
- Enhanced effectiveness. This enhances competitiveness, profitability, and
resource efficiency.
- The concept of establishing time or labor norms. The success of the first
manufacturing lines in the 1920s was due to Industrial Engineers.
- Good organization and increasing production are vital to the long-term
health of a firm since they eliminate or decrease some of life's hassles.
- Increased capacity to accomplish more with less resources.
- Making work safer, faster, easier, and more enjoyable.
- Providing a means for firms to assess their processes and attempt to
enhance them.
- It emphasizes optimization - achieving more with less - and contributes to
the reduction of waste in society.

VI. Define and expound the following:

1. Planning
The term "production planning" refers to the process of determining
what will be made, when it will be made, how much will be made,
and other relevant factors. Production planning that takes the long
view is essential for achieving maximum efficiency in the
manufacturing process.
A trash company has a service contract with a subdivision in
metro-Omaha to pick up trash. This is a large subdivision with
about 4000 homes. The streets go both ways, and trash is picked
up once a week (every Tuesday). The company sends three trucks
to the subdivision. All of them enter at a fixed point, say x, and
leave at an exit point, y, when their work is done (which is different
than x). Even though no single truck or even a pair of trucks
together can do everything the neighborhood needs, the capacity of
all three is enough; that is, all three must be used in some way.
Your goal is to find a fixed route for each vehicle so that the total
distance traveled by all trucks is the shortest possible and the
following rules are followed: I No vehicle's capacity is exceeded,
and (ii) each street is driven down at least once, following the
direction if needed.

2. Economic Decision Analysis

 - Industrial Engineers employ analytical, mathematical, and empirical
tools to planning, contracts, and judgments involving economic,
financial, or social valuations in the field of Economic Decision
Analysis.
You are considering making a bid to purchase the oil business
HuskerOil Inc. If all goes according to plan, you will purchase 100%
of HuskerOil shares for cash, regardless of their current market
price. HuskerOil has lately taken a huge risk by pinning the fate of
the company on the outcome of a single exploratory project.
HuskerOil's worth could go as high as $100 million (if the
exploration project is successful) or as low as zero (if the project
fails) (the project is a failure). Truth be told, HuskerOil knows the
value of the firm based on the exploration, but you don't. While the
range of possible HuskerOil values is 0-$100 million, you think that
any number in between those two is just as likely. If you buy
HuskerOil, you'll be able to double their price thanks to your
management skills. As long as your offer bid is equivalent to or
surpasses HuskerOil’s existing worth, they will accept. How much
money do you think you should bid?

3. Queuing
- The aim of queuing theory is the achievement of economic balance
between the cost of providing service and service time.
A 24-hour supermarket wants to establish firm guidelines for how
many registers should be staffed at any given moment. While it
makes little sense to keep more than one lane available at 2:00
a.m., on busy days like the afternoon before Thanksgiving, it's
essential to do so. If, however, too many lines are opened, the
employees needed to manage them will have to be pulled from
more important tasks like stocking and check cashing. If clients
believe your checkout process to be excessively inconvenient, your
business could easily be lost to a larger competition across the
street. The chain's leadership has said they would not be accepting
any further applications for new employees. However, they have a
goal in place to ensure that the total time it takes a consumer to
complete the checkout process (including time spent waiting in line)
is less than 10 minutes. How might one go about formulating a plan
that helps shop owners better gauge when to open and shut their
cash registers? Is it possible to create even another fast lane?
Should we put a cap of 10 on the latter? Can we keep it to under
15? Is there really a big difference? What is Industrial Engineering,
and what does it have to do with the University of Nebraska at
Lincoln (Dr. Paul Savory), where the company's president studied?
 Is there a chance that customer #10 won't have to wait more than 5
minutes in line if he unexpectedly drops by the store on a Friday at
1:30 pm, provided that there are three open checkout lanes?

4. Manufacturing
- Manufacturing enables engineers to view the "big picture." In this
way, the design of a new product will be more effective, as a design
engineer will grasp the cost, difficulties, and peculiarities of how to
build their design, as well as how to bring it to life and enjoy all of its
benefits.
A new gas meter, with improved features, has been released by a
company that produces similar devices for regulating natural gas.
Sales of the gas meter are expected to be modest at first because
contractors and code enforcers are sometimes resistant to adopting
new technologies. However, once the product is tried and
approved, sales will skyrocket. There is not enough of a financial
incentive to establish a new manufacturing facility only to produce
the gas meter. Instead, it will need to be made on the same
assembly line as conventional gas meters. Creating a strategy for
incorporating the new gas meter into the current gas meter
production process is your responsibility. To ensure that you have
enough new meters to fulfill projected sales, your plan should think
about how the production staff will be taught to construct the new
meter, how quality inspections will be carried out, and what the
daily production schedule should look like.
5. Quality Inspection
- Quality Inspection is the process of evaluating and confirming that
the materials and products being examined meet the defined
criteria. It is accomplished by many means, such as a quality
inspector measuring, scrutinizing, gauging, and evaluating the
attributes of the product.
Testing and evaluating a product to ensure it satisfies production
and consumer requirements is what quality control is all about. Let's
think about how M&Ms are made. So, what exactly does "excellent"
mean in terms of these sweets? To what extent do factors such as
package condition, M&M coating, "m" stamping, flavor, and so on
affect the overall quality of M&M candy production? A quality
inspection plan's objective is to check the product against
predefined criteria to guarantee it is of the highest standard. When
and where during the M&M production process should quality
control take place? In what ways does the strategy for inspections
cost money? To what extent is mediocrity acceptable?
6. Bin Packing
- The bin packing problem is an optimization problem in which things
of varying sizes must be packed into a finite number of bins or
containers, each of which has a defined capacity, in a manner that
minimizes the number of bins needed.
For building projects in Nebraska, your small business uses steel
reinforcing rod that has been specially cut to size. These rods are
purchased from a steel products distributor who is willing to cut the
rods for you and to specification. But the distributor can only
provide stock in 60-foot lengths, so your parts will be chopped
down to size. That is, if you need two lengths of rod, one of 15 and
the other of 45 feet, then a single 60-foot piece is cut in the obvious
way with nothing left over and all is well. However, if you only need
eight 7-foot sections, the remaining 4 feet of the 60-foot original will
go to waste. Of course, some of these excess pieces may be useful
later, but you will have to find storage areas for such pieces which,
in turn, a cost. In fact, the remainder can be completely useless and
hence categorized as garbage. This indicates that we may need to
be quite ingenious in how we describe the pattern of cuts on each
of the specified lengths in order to reduce the amount of full, 60-foot
units that must be used. For example, suppose you need to place
an order for 10 pieces of rod having lengths 41, 24, 24, 22, 21, 19,
9, 7,7 and 6 feet respectively. Given that the combined length of all
10 sections is 180 feet, it's clear that we'd be lucky to make use of
more than three of the 60-foot spans. Naturally, this is simply a
simplified version of what may be a rather messy topic in general,
but it serves as a useful numerical illustration nonetheless. In fact,
you could have an order for hundreds or thousands of pieces to be
cut from stock in a real-world environment. Moreover, the latter may
also be available in a range of sizes. Indeed, your issue could have
more than one facet. To reduce material waste, you could, for
instance, look for templates to cut two-dimensional objects out of
rectangular metal plates. You could be working in a 3D environment
where you need to figure out the most efficient way to load oddly
shaped items into the massive shipping containers used by express
mail services. There is a common thread running through all of
these packing challenges, and they are all quite challenging.

7. Logistics
- Logistics connects corporate divisions, suppliers, and service
providers in order to fulfill customers' requests on time and provide
a streamlined production process. Industry, commerce, and service
 providers seek graduates with extensive training who can develop
and manage sophisticated logistics systems.
There is a glut of grain right now, so it's being stored in silos all
around the country (100,000 tons are available in St. Paul; 150,000
tons in Kansas City; 95,000 tons in Denver, etc.). This grain is in
high demand across much of Eastern Europe (at least 75,000 tons
in Sarajevo; at least 150,000 tons in the Ukraine; 120,000 tons in
Poland and so forth). The government has calculated the cost per
ton of transport from each storage facility to all potential demand
areas. What is the most cost-effective method of transporting the
grain, assuming we have enough to meet demand? For example,
maybe the amount delivered to the Ukraine is satisfied by all of the
surplus in St. Paul plus 50,000 tons from Kansas City while from
the remaining tonnage in Kansas City, 75,000 is shipped to
Sarajevo while 25,000 tons are sent to Poland, etc. There are
undoubtedly a plethora of options; which one would you
recommend? The other possibility is that (unfortunately) there is
less grain supply than demand. Which means that some areas
won't get the grain they require (at least from that available in the
United States). How would you tackle the problem now?

8. Routing
- Routing could be characterized as "In the process of transforming
raw materials into completed goods, each component of the
product will adhere to a specific set of guidelines. The path of the
product will also dictate the sequence of production procedures."
Trash collection in a metro-Omaha subdivision is contracted out to
a waste management business. There are about 4000 homes in
this community, and the roadways are one- and two-way with
weekly trash collection (every Tuesday). Three trucks are sent to
the subdivision by the company, and they all enter via location "x,"
and leave via location "y," once their tasks have been accomplished
(which is different than x). The capacity of all three trucks together
is sufficient to meet the needs of the neighborhood, but no one nor
even a pair of trucks can do it alone. The goal is to discover a fixed
route for each vehicle that minimizes the total distance traveled
(across all trucks) while still satisfying the following constraints: I no
more than the permitted number of vehicles is in use, and (ii) each
roadway is traveled on at least once, following signs and signals as
appropriate.
VII. Define and draw an example of each of the following type of organizational
structure:
1. Hierarchical
- Organized by how important people or things are, or having to do
with such a system.

2. Functional
- A functional organization is a sort of organizational structure that
adheres to the principle of specialization based on the function or
role of the organization's members.

3. Divisional
- Divisional structures group employees not by function but by the
goods or services they supply. Large companies like General
Electric have specialized departments for electronics,
transportation, and aircraft, each with its own set of bookkeepers,
marketers, and so on.
4. Matrix
- In a matrix organization, different bosses are in charge of different
teams. The matrix design helps teams talk to each other more
openly and can help businesses come up with new products and
services. When this structure is used, teams don't have to
rearrange themselves every time a new project starts.