Environmental Pollution: Causes and Remedies

Environmental pollution is the addition of any substance like solid, liquid, or gas or any
form of energy such as heat, sound, or radioactivity to the environment at a rate faster than it
can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless form. The major
kinds of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution. Modern society is also
concerned about specific types of pollutants, such as noise pollution, light pollution,
and plastic pollution. The environment is generally contaminated by the wastages of Industry,
Transportation, Agriculture, Trade, Residences etc. Our environment can be protected from
being polluted if we have modern and time-befitting plans for industries, transportations,
agriculture, trade, residences etc.
Causes of Environmental Pollution:
Industry:

Industries have been polluting our environment as mentioned above, notably due to the
increasing use of fossil fuels. Coal is used to make machines work faster, replacing human
force. Though pollution by industries mainly causes air pollution, soil and water
contamination can also occur. Also, the transportation of this energy can be harmful to the
environment. We can take as an example of the transportation of petrol through pipelines; if
there is a leak in the pipeline, the soil will automatically be polluted. At the same time, if the
tanker transporting petrol from its production plant to the place where it will be consumed
leaks or sinks, the water will get contaminated.

Transportation:

The transportations that use diesel as fuel cause pollution to the air. The used gas and
smoke coming out of the transportation are really detrimental to the air around us. And thus
our environment is being polluted.

Agriculture:

Agriculture is mainly responsible for the contamination of water and soil. This is caused
by the increased use of pesticides (insect killer), as well as by the intensive character of its
production. Almost all pesticides are made from chemical substances and are meant to keep
diseases and threatening animals away from the crops. 

Trade:

Trading activities include the production and exchange of goods and services. As regards
goods, pollution can be caused by packaging (which often involves the use of plastic, which is
made from fossil fuels) or transport, mainly.
Residences:

Finally, residential areas provide their fair share of pollution as well. First, to be able
to build homes, the natural environment has to be destroyed in one way or another.

Remedies:

Environmental planning should be considered as a base stone for developmental

planning. Hence, before starting any project, a study to evaluate the environmental impacts has
to be conducted.

Shifting to eco-friendly transportation such as electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles

and promoting shared mobility (i.e., carpooling, and public transports) could reduce air pollution
significantly.

The world is working on reducing the emission (discharge) of hazardous gases from
vehicles causing air pollution constantly in a variety of ways such as car emission control,
electric and hybrid vehicles and public transportation systems, and in the future, we can manage
to reduce emissions profoundly.

Basic solutions for air pollution must involve moving away from fossil fuels,
replacing them with sustainable renewables like solar, geothermal, and wind and producing clean
energy. The world is phasing out coal.

Now, as solar radiation is at a climatic peak, solar power is a fantastic solution. We can

reap power from the sun using solar panel systems and provide energy from home systems to
large scale systems powering entire communities and cities.

Wind power is also coming into play. Solar power and wind turbine power are both
powerful forces against radioactive power and fossil fuel power.

Industry plays a vital role in the progress of societies. At the same time, it exhausts the
natural raw resources and produces pollution. This has created an environmental imbalance.

Green building can help solve environmental problems to an extent. From planning to

demolition, the objective of green building is to create environmentally responsible and resource-
efficient structures to reduce their carbon footprint.

Storage facilities for solid wastes should be built in the city. The necessary actions need
be taken to integrate the solid waste storage facility that is very close to the city, and to nature.
The wastewater recycling project should be exercised, and a recycling center should be built
to reduce water pollution.
Conclusion:

It is the responsibility of every individual to save our planet from these environmental
contamination agents. If preventive measures are not taken then our future generation will have
to face major repercussions. The government is also taking steps to create public awareness.
Every individual should be involved in helping to reduce and control pollution.

Road Accident: Causes and Remedies

Introduction
Road accident is one of the serious problems in our country. Among the main reasons
behind road accident, reckless driving, breaking traffic rules, talking over mobile phones while
driving, feeling sleepy at the time of driving, the tendency of overtaking of the drivers, the
presence of so many cars without proper licenses are specially mentionable. If the drivers follow
the traffic rules and drive the cars following the speed limit, the number of road accident must be
lessened.
Causes
Most of the drivers either in the metropolitan cities or on the highways drive their cars
recklessly. They hardly care about the rules of driving cars laid down by the BRTA. Always they
have a tendency to drive by leaps and bounds overtaking other cars. They think that if they can
overtake other cars, then they are the winners. Many drivers keep on going even when the signal
is red.

Apart from this, the number of road accident has increased with the invention of mobile
phones. Many drivers talk over mobile phones at the time of driving, and most of them meet with
accidents.
The drivers need proper sleep before driving. Thus those who don’t sleep well before
starting driving especially on the highways come across frequent accidents.
Moreover, in our country, thousands of cars are there on the roads, and these cars don’t
have any license from the BRTA. Because of these unlicensed cars, the long rage cars face
difficulties and various problems to be driven smoothly, and then some accidents happen.
Remedies
Now, all these unexpected accidents can be reduced if the drivers drive their cars
carefully. With a view to preventing all these accidents, the drivers must follow the traffic rules.
Before starting driving, they should sleep properly. They must not talk over mobile phones while
driving. If the concerned authority takes proper steps for stopping the unlicensed cars, the
number of accidents will also lessen.
The idea can be concluded by opining that road accidents occur in our country for various
reasons which can be solved easily if the concerned authority take necessary and time-befitting
steps.

Women and Children Trafficking

Trafficking is indeed a growing problem in Bangladesh. It has been reported that about
300,000 Bangladeshi children have been trafficked to brothels in India over a period of time.
Over the last five years at least 13,220 children are reported as being trafficked out of the country
and it was possible to rescue only 4,700 of them. It is believed that about 4,500 women and
children from Bangladesh are trafficked to Pakistan annually.
On the other hand, Bangladeshi boys in the ages between 4-12 years are trafficked for
camel racing in the Gulf; sexual exploitation of these boys by the employers in not uncommon.
Bangladeshi men and women migrate willingly to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, the United
Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Iraq, Lebanon, Malaysia, Liberia, and other countries for work,
often under legal and contractual terms. Most Bangladeshis who seek overseas employment
through legal channels rely on the 724 recruiting agencies belonging to the Bangladesh
Association of International Recruiting Agencies (BAIRA). These agencies are legally permitted
to charge workers up to $1,235 and place workers in low-skilled jobs typically paying between
$100 and $150 per month. According to NGOs, however, many workers are charged upwards of
$6,000 for these services.
After marriage, the young wife accompanies the husband to his place of work and since
then, no trace could be found of these young girls. The other way is that the traffickers entice
young girls that they would provide them with jobs and better prospects in other countries. In
other cases, sometimes, parents also sell their children to the traffickers on account of poverty
and hunger. Kidnapping is another way that is being practices for the procurement of women and
children for trafficking.
Bangladesh is one of the vulnerable countries for trafficking because of its large
population and the large population living in conditions of chronic poverty, regular natural
disaster and gender inequality. Most reports emphasize that, in recent years, there has been a
significant increase in the number of children and women being trafficked from Bangladesh into
India and other countries. The causes of trafficking and the factors leading to this apparent
increases in recent years are multiple and complicated. However, for the present purpose, the
factors have been categorized into two groups. The first group, the ‘push’ factors, includes the
conditions which are responsible for trafficking of people from one country to another country.
The second group refers to the set of ‘pull’ factors that support the demand for trafficked victims.
. Recommendations:
 To have clear picture on various manifestations of trafficking research should be done
on forced labor, child trafficking for begging, impact of trafficking on health of victims and
societies they live in.
 To arrange gender sensitizing awareness programs for the people, addressing key
aspects of gender discrimination.
 It is necessary to ensure that women are not marginalized in low paid labor market.
Programs should be developed on vocational training and education for women to enter into
modern labor market.
 Training programs should be developed for law enforcement officials, law and policy
makers, teachers, medical and immigration personal on trafficking
 NGOs should play important role in developing and implementing these programs and
should be supported both by Governments and International organizations.
In conclusion, it can be said that trafficking is today a major social and political concern
both globally as well as nationally. It has also become the fastest growing criminal enterprise in
the world. Bangladesh is a poverty stricken country, human trafficking is increasing at an
alarming rate. However, concerted efforts are there on the part of the Government, the
international agencies, the donor community and the NGOs to combat the problem. Trafficking
in women and children is a violation of several human rights including the very right to life, the
right to liberty and human dignity, and security of person, the right to freedom from torture or
cruelty, inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to a home and family, the right to education
and proper employment, the right to health care and everything that makes for a life with dignity.
Trafficking in women and children is on the rise.

Role of Bangladesh Police in the Liberation War

The Armed Bengali Policemen of former East Pakistan, especially of Dhaka city
endeared themselves greatly to the freedom-craving Bengali masses in the wake of the
historic non-co-operation movement that commenced at the call of Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman in March 1971. The occupation Pakistan Army never trusted Bengali
policemen in their strategy to establish complete control over Dhaka city. Quite naturally,
the Rajarbagh Police Lines became a headache to the Eastern command of the Pakistan
Army.

On 4th March, 1971 several Policemen from Rajarbagh Police lines chanted full-
throated slogans of “Joy Bangla” and thus expressed their solidarity with the mass
upsurge. Thereafter, following the historic 7th March speech of Bangabandhu, the
Policemen at Rajarbagh started preparing themselves in a cautious and guarded manner
for open encounter in the not-too-distant future. They had to do so because there was a
large number of non-Bengali junior officers serving in police lines at that time. However,
that did not prevent the Bengali Policemen from bringing down the Pakistani flag before
the armoury and replacing that by the Bangladesh flag.

On 16th March 1971 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman came to the President
House at Baily Road in a transport that carried the black flag on the bonnet. While the on-
duty Pakistan Army Personnel did not pay any compliments to Bangabandhu, the armed
Bengali Policemen posted there greeted him with full honours. On this day the Policemen
of Dhaka City expressed their spontaneous support to various programs of the non-co-
operation movement. Even the jeeps and trucks that were deployed for duties with the
Pakistan President displayed black flags as token of sorrow and support.

The Pakistani establishment in March 1971 understood quite clearly that the
Bengali policemen would be the main source of armed struggle of the Bengali people of
East Pakistan. The now infamous “operation searchlight” has specifically directed for
disarming Bengali Policemen of important districts. 

Major General Rao Farman Ali recounts that the policemen at Rajarbagh revolted
at 10 pm and opened fire on Pakistan Army trucks moving nearby. He adds that nearly
2000 policemen who put up stiff resistance were disarmed by 3 am. Many such policemen
were killed and injured.
 Activities and movements during the non-co-operation days of March 71 indicated
that there could be an armed attack on Rajarbagh Police Lines by the Pakistan Army.
Policemen deployed at different places in Dhaka city and intelligence personnel had
similar premonitions. Therefore, the armed Bengali policemen at Rajarbagh remained
mentally prepared to resist Pakistan Army attack. At midnight on 25th March, 1971 when
Pakistan Army attacked the marginally armed policemen at Rajarbagh, a short but sharp
resistance took place. The momentous event of being surrounded and attacked by
Pakistan Army was transmitted to all districts and sub-divisions through police wireless.

The 1971 Liberation War exhibits on display at the Bangladesh Police Liberation War
Museum in the capital’s Rajarbagh Police Lines. The museum was established to portray the
valour the law enforcers showed during the war. Photo: Collected
There was no high-ranking officer available to command the rebellious policemen at
Rajarbagh and thus they fought their own battle. They snatched the keys of the armoury
from Reserve Inspector Mofizuddin and distributed 303 rifles and ammunitions amongst
their comrades. The policemen took positions on different sides of Rajarbagh Police
Lines, on surrounding rooftops and one particular group took position in present-day
Bangla Motor Area.

When the convoy carrying the Pakistan Army personnel reached the main gate of
Rajarbagh Police Lines they were subjected to continuous volleys of .303 rifle fire from
different directions. This heavy attack surprised the Pakistan Army initially but not very
long thereafter, they counter attacked with heavy machine gun being effectively
supported by mortar and tank fire. Four barracks of reserve police caught fire as a result
and policemen ran in different directions to escape from continuous barrage of bullets and
raging fire. It did not take long for the Pakistan Army to enter Police lines parade ground
with heavy tank support. Even then many policemen continued firing from the roof of
four-storied barrack. The Pakistan Army then fired to illuminate the area and killed
Bengali policemen at fixed targets. Those policemen who could hide managed to retreat
in several directions. Many also ran short of ammunitions and were compelled to
withdraw.

In the above inspiring and historic resistance by Bengali policemen many valiant
sons of the soil embraced martyrdom and nearly 150 police personnel of different ranks
were captured by the Pakistan Army. The attacking Pakistan Army who carried automatic
and heavy weapons like HMG and tanks numbered nearly 800.

The armed resistance of Bengali policemen at Rajarbagh would remain a milestone

in the annals of our historic liberation struggle. This was a story of poorly armed but
extraordinarily determined men who being energised by the indomitable fire of patriotism
engaged headlong an adversary far superior in combat gear. They fought gallantly and
sacrificed their lives so that we may live in dignity and peace. Today it is time to once
again remember them in solemn silence and deep gratitude.
 COVID-19: Symptoms and Ways of Prevention

Symptoms

People with COVID-19 have had a wide range of symptoms reported – ranging from mild
symptoms to severe illness. Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus. Anyone
can have mild to severe symptoms. People with these symptoms may have COVID-19:

 Fever or chills
 Cough
 Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
 Fatigue or weakness
 Muscle or body aches
 Headache
 New loss of taste or smell
 Sore throat
 Congestion or runny nose
 Nausea or vomiting
 Diarrhea

This list does not include all possible symptoms. CDC will continue to update this list as
we learn more about COVID-19. Older adults and people who have severe underlying medical
conditions like heart or lung disease or diabetes seem to be at higher risk for developing more
serious complications from COVID-19 illness.

Important Ways to Slow the Spread

 Wear a mask that covers your nose and mouth to help protect yourself and others.
 Stay 6 feet apart from others who don’t live with you.
 Get a COVID-19 vaccine when it is available to you.
 Avoid crowds and poorly ventilated indoor spaces.
 Wash your hands often with soap and water. Use hand sanitizer if soap and water aren’t
available.

Wear a mask

 Everyone 2 years and older should wear masks in public.

 Masks should be worn in addition to staying at least 6 feet apart, especially around people
who don’t live with you.

 If someone in your household is infected, people in the household should take

precautions including wearing masks to avoid spread to others.
  Wash your hands or use hand sanitizer before putting on your mask.

 Wear your mask over your nose and mouth and secure it under your chin.

 Fit the mask snugly against the sides of your face, slipping the loops over your ears or
tying the strings behind your head.

 If you have to continually adjust your mask, it doesn’t fit properly, and you might need to
find a different mask type or brand.

 Make sure you can breathe easily.

Effective February 2, 2021, masks are required on planes, buses, trains, and other forms of
public transportation traveling into, within, or out of the United States and in U.S. transportation
hubs such as airports and stations.

Stay 6 feet away from others

 Inside your home: Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
o If possible, maintain 6 feet between the person who is sick and other household
members.
 Outside your home: Put 6 feet of distance between yourself and people who don’t live
in your household.
o Remember that some people without symptoms may be able to spread virus.
o Stay at least 6 feet (about 2 arm lengths) from other people.
o Keeping distance from others is especially important for people who are at
higher risk of getting very sick.

Get Vaccinated

 Authorized COVID-19 vaccines can help protect you from COVID-19.

 You should get a COVID-19 vaccine when it is available to you.
 Once you are fully vaccinated, you may be able to start doing some things that you had
stopped doing because of the pandemic.

Avoid crowds and poorly ventilated spaces

 Being in crowds like in restaurants, bars, fitness centers, or movie theaters puts you at
higher risk for COVID-19.
 Avoid indoor spaces that do not offer fresh air from the outdoors as much as possible.
 If indoors, bring in fresh air by opening windows and doors, if possible.
Wash your hands often

 Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you
have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.
 It’s especially important to wash:
o Before eating or preparing food
o Before touching your face
o After using the restroom
o After leaving a public place
o After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing
o After handling your mask
o After changing a diaper
o After caring for someone sick
o After touching animals or pets
 If soap and water are not readily available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least
60% alcohol. Cover all surfaces of your hands and rub them together until they feel dry.
 Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.

Cover coughs and sneezes

 If you are wearing a mask: You can cough or sneeze into your mask. Put on a new,
clean mask as soon as possible and wash your hands.

 If you are not wearing a mask:

o Always cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, or
use the inside of your elbow and do not spit.
o Throw used tissues in the trash.
 Immediately wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and
water are not readily available, clean your hands with a hand sanitizer that contains at
least 60% alcohol.

Clean and disinfect

 Clean high touch surfaces daily. This includes tables, doorknobs, light switches,
countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, faucets, and sinks.
 If someone is sick or has tested positive forCOVID-19, disinfect frequently touched
surfaces. Use a household disinfectant product from EPA’s List N: Disinfectants for
Coronavirus (COVID-19) according to manufacturer’s labeled directions.
o If surfaces are dirty, clean them using detergent or soap and water prior to
disinfection.

Monitor your health daily

 Be alert for symptoms. Watch for fever, cough, shortness of breath, or other

symptoms of COVID-19.
 o Especially important if you are running essential errands, going into the office
or workplace, and in settings where it may be difficult to keep a physical
distance of 6 feet.
 Take your temperature if symptoms develop.
o Don’t take your temperature within 30 minutes of exercising or after taking
medications that could lower your temperature, like acetaminophen.
 Follow CDC guidance if symptoms develop.

Some Important Topics to be covered:

a) Declaration of Independence by Bangabandhu

b) 7th March Speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

c) The Role of Bangladesh Police to Ensure Good Governance in

Bangladesh

d) The Role and Responsibilities of Bangladesh Police to Control

Crimes in Bangladesh

e) The Role of Traffic Police to Reduce Traffic Jam

f) Mujib Centenary 2021

g) The Role of Bangladesh Police to Control the Spread of COVID-

19

h) The Golden Jubilee of Bangladesh

i) Metro Rail Project

j) The Historical Padma Bridge