Faculty of Business and Management transport

(BA117)

INTRODUCING OF TRANSPORT
TPT150
Group:
BA1171A3

‘The Environment issues cause by road mode of transport in

Jakarta’

Prepared by: MOHD AZMEZANSHAH BIN SEZWAN

NO MATRIX: 2019846216

LECTURER’S NAME:
Miss Presantia Bujang
DATE SUBMISSION: 12.06.2020
 Aknowledgement

Alhamdulillah, first of all we would like to thank God as finally we were able to finish your
assignment that have been given by our Transport lecturer to us. We have immense pleasure in
successful completion of this subject. We acknowledge the support, the encouragement,
extended for this study by our Lecturer Business Manangement in Transport Miss Prentia
Bujang. We greatly appreciate the motivation and understanding extended for the project work,
who responded promptly and enthusiastically to my requests for frank comments, despite their
congested schedules. We are indebted to all of them, who did their best to bring improvements
through their suggestions. We are also thankful to my classmate team,, who directly or indirectly
have been helpful in some or the other way. We thank our Dearest Parents, who encouraged me
to extend my reach. With their hep and support, We have been able to complete this work.
 CONTENT

1.0 THE AREA COUNTRY CHOSEN

 Jakarta is largest city in Indonesia. It is the only city in Indonesia of provincial or
state level. Formerly, Jakarta was once called Sunda Coconut (before 1527), Jayakarta
(1527-1619), Batavia, or Jacatra (1619-1942), and Djakarta (1942-1972). Jakarta with an
area of about 661.52 km² is the capital of Indonesia located on Java Island. As we known,
Indonesia is the fourth largest nation in the world which is situated in Southeast Asia
flanked by the Asian continent in the north and the Australian continent in the south.
Moreover, becoming a Indonesia's largest cities, population growth has also increased in
line with the economic growth that occurred in Jakarta. The process of urbanization
resulting from this population growth is inevitable. As the settlers that wanted a better
life, job opportunities, clean environments and better health as well as complete
entertainment arena, government has sought to provide facilities and infrastructure to the
people and this has led to urbanization day by day.

The population density in Jakarta is 2,428 people per square meter with the 16th
sequence of populous cities in the world after Mumbai, Calcutta (India), Lagos (Nigeria),
Schencen (China) and any other cities (Hary Agus Rahardjo 2012). The increase in
population will certainly affect facilities and infrastructure especially transport related to
the roads. The overcrowded urban capacity also caused the roads to be congested. The
more increasing population, the more increasing transportation in the road.
Transportation issues in Jakarta are very complex because they involve different social,
economic and cultural aspects and the inconsistency between land use plan and transport
plan. Transportation is a facility used by locals today to move from one destination to
another. Increasing the number of vehicles on the road will undoubtedly cause other
problems such as environmental and other problems. Therefore, in this article, the author
will elaborate on environmental issues arising from road transport. In addition, the author
also discusses the causes and affect of this environmental and offers suggestions to
address it.

Figure 1 :
Congestion
traffic in
Jakarta

Source :
Daily
metro
news
2.1 AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution, caused by rapidly increasing levels of emissions from motor vehicles (90%
of vehicles still use leaded fuel) and forest fires associated with the development of palm-
oil plantations, has led to respiratory problems that are the sixth most common cause of
death in the country. In 1997–98, forest fires produced in Kalimantan a thick, smoky
haze, covering much of Southeast Asia, resulting in the development of closed schools
and companies, as well as deaths and respiratory diseases. Fires have brought the region's
forest wealth to the world's attention. The release into the atmosphere of chemicals and
particles. Common air gasses include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC) and industrial and motor oxides of nitrogen. As nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons react
to the sunlight, photochemical ozone and smog are generated. Particles or fine dust is
characterized by the size of PM10 to PM2.5 micrometers.

2.2 NOISE POLLUTION

Noise pollution is generally defined as regular exposure to elevated levels of sound that
can cause adverse effects in humans or other living organisms. Sound values below 70 dB
are no harm to living organisms, according to the World Health Organization, no matter
how long or consistent the exposure is.Jakarta is one of the world's largest metropolitan
agglomerations. The uncontrolled increase in urban population is proportional to the
number of vehicles in Jakarta. According to Badan Pusat Statistiken (Statistics
Indonesia), the growth of motor vehicles in Jakarta is 5.35% per year, while the increase
in pollution in Jakarta is expected to increase.

2.3 ROAD ACCIDENT

 Increased understanding of the causes of traffic accidents, particularly congestion,
would go towards reducing the economic and social costs associated with accidents. This
could be achieved through the facilitation of improved traffic infrastructure design and
traffic management. Modern advancements in traffic measurement systems could also
serve to reduce accidents, with the potential to identify hazardous conditions in real-time,
allowing action to be taken to avoid increased accident risk

2.4 MOTORIZATION AND TRAFFIC CONGESTION

The number of cars and motorcycles has once again increased. It could be due to the
decline of public transportation service rates. Following the stabilization of the region's
economy, real household income will again increase in the coming few years. The
motorisation is expected to be further accelerated. If more people using private modes of
transportation, traffic problems would worsen and pollution of the atmosphere would be
more extreme than at present.
3.0 CAUSE AND EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE

3.1 THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS

One of several major sources of air pollution is sulfur dioxide produced from the burning of
fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles. Vehicle-emitting pollution,
including trucks, jeeps, cars , trains, aircraft, causes immense pollution. We depend on them to
meet our day-to-day fundamental transport needs

The impact is Global warming is the slow rise in the average temperature of the earth's
atmosphere, because an increased amount of energy (heat) that strikes the earth from the sun
is trapped in the atmosphere and not radiated into space.

3.2 Emissions from industries and factories,

Manufacturing industries release large quantities of carbon monoxide , hydrocarbons, organic

compounds, and chemicals into the air so that depleting air quality. Manufacturing industries
can be found at every corner of the world, and it has not affected any area. Petroleum refineries
also emit hydrocarbons and other chemicals that pollute the environment, as well as pollute the
ground.

The effect is Ozone depletion in the Earth's stratosphere and is responsible for protecting
humans from harmful ultraviolet rays (UV). Due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons,
hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere, Earth's ozone layer is depleting.

3.3 Agricultural activities,

 Due to the use of pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizers that emit harmful
chemicals.In addition to methane and nitrous oxide, agricultural activities have been
linked to the emission of other dangerous gases and pollutants. These include carbon
dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and airborne particulate matter, which has been
linked to health problems

3.4 Indoor air pollution

Household washing, paint and hazardous chemicals are released into the air and
pollute the environment. Have you ever noticed that once you paint your house's walls it
creates some kind of smell that literally makes it impossible for you to breathe. Another
cause of pollution is the suspended particulate matter, popular by its acronym SPM. SPM
is normally caused by dust, combustion, the particles that float in the air

4.0 Measures in addressing the issues from perspectives of LEGISLATION and

PRACTICES.
By recognizing that environmental pollution has repeatedly occurred in the global
community and nation, several suggestions to prevent and mitigate pollution are outlined
in Jakarta. Because Jakarta is one of the developing countries, environmental problems
and problems have arisen, and in every development project they are the main ones.
Public participation is a phenomenon which will affect the status of the community in
developed democratic societies and will affect any issue emerging in the decision making
process.

4.1 INVOLVED PUBLIC PARTICIPATION.

The facility managers should contribute by some public as part of the problem
management reduction program. Depending on the project regulations and the issues
involved, public participation could occur in various phases. The strategies and approach
for each project varies in every creation. Many issues, moreover, seem to be of similar
magnitude and importance. Generally, local residents, the sponsor, government agencies,
NGO's, researchers and all the people interested in the construction projects are part of
the spectrum of actors involved in environmental impact assessment ( EIA).

4.2 ENFORCE THE EXISTING ROAD TRAFFIC LAWS

Illegal parking, waiting, loading / unloading obstructs traffic flow, reduces junction capacity,
holds buses and increases danger to those who walk or cycle. Blocking junctions, which is illegal
where a yellow box emerges, may cause traffic congestion over a wide area of the road network.
It is acceptable for delivery vehicles to park outside a shop on the pavement even if there is a
wiser option. Comfort and security of the pedestrians, wheelchair users and children's buggies
exists above the comfort of the delivery driver.

5.0 REFERENCE
Hary Agus Rahardjo(2012).THE ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION FOR TRAFFIC
PROBLEM IN JAKARTA-INDONESIA.International Journal of Business and
Management Studies,1(2):315–320.

https://www.hmetro.com.my/global/2019/06/462079/15-juta-mudik-dari-jakarta
7.0 APPENDIX