Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best

fits each of the numbered blanks.

Voluntary work is work that you do not get paid for and usually involves in doing things to help other people,
especially the elderly or the sick or working on (1) __________of a charity or similar organization. Most charitable
organizations rely on unpaid volunteers, and thousands of Americans and British people give many hours of their
time to doing some form of social work or organizing fund-raising events to support the work. Volunteering is
especially popular in the US and the reasons for this may be found in (2)__________American values such as the
Protestant work ethic, the idea that work improves the person who does it, and the belief that people can change
their (3)__________if they try hard enough.
In the US young people over 18 can take part in AmeriCorps, a government programme that (4)__________them to
work as volunteers for a period of time, with the (5)__________of help in paying for their education later. Older
Americans who do not work may spend much of their free time volunteering.
In Britain a lot of voluntary work is directed towards supporting the country's social services. The WRVS runs a
meals- on- wheels service in many parts of Britain, (6)__________hot food for old people who are
(7)__________to cook for themselves. The organization is also involved in other kinds of welfare work, such as
arranging holidays for needy children. The nationwide Citizens Advice Bureau, which offers free advice to the
public (8) __________a wide range of issues, is run (9) __________by volunteers, and the Blood Transfusion
Service relies on voluntary blood donors to give blood for use in hospitals. Political parties use volunteers at
election time, and Churches depend on volunteers to (10) ___________ buildings clean.

Question 1: A. behalf B. basic C. account D. ground

Question 2: A. basic B. political C. high D. outstanding
Question 3: A. standard B. nature C. condition D. appearance
Question 4: A. insists B. guides C. encourages D. makes
Question 5: A. function B. reply C. favour D. promise
Question 6: A. serving B. providing C. selling D. offering
Question 7: A. incapable B. unable C. able D. capable
Question 8: A. on B. with C. for D. through
Question 9: A. equally B. mainly C. substantially D. frequently
Question 10: A. stay B. get C. help D. keep

Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
questions.
Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term broadcasting, from
the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it. It is directly related to cultivation and the adjectives
cultural and cultured are part of the same verbal complex. A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among
them a knowledge of and interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not refer solely to such
knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the 19 th century onwards, under the influence of
anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural
(cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.
Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and cultures, between
elite and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most recently between national and global
cultures. Distinctions have been drawn too between culture and civilization; the latter is a word derived not, like
culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous. Yet
this is misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be a perpetual
behavioural pattern, the use of the word culture has been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the 19 th
century and of development in the 20thcentury. Cultures evolve or develop. They are not static. They have twists
and turns. Styles change. So do fashions. There are cultural processes. What, for example, the word cultured means
has changed substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and history
ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university education. No single alternative focus emerged,
although with computers has come electronic culture, affecting kinds of study, and most recently digital culture. As
cultures express themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized.
The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to define. There is no
single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been made to establish one. The only non-
problematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning (for example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and
medical meaning (for example, bacterial culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we also
acknowledge culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of reference is extremely wide.

Question 11: According to the passage, the word culture ______.

A. is related to the preparation and use of land for farming
B. comes from a source that has not been identified
C. develops from Greek and Roman literature and history
D. derives from the same root as civilization does
Question 12: It is stated in paragraph 1 that a cultured person ______.
A. has a job related to cultivation B. does a job relevant to education
C. takes care of the soil and what grows on it D. has knowledge of arts, literature, and music
Question 13: The author remarks that culture and civilization are the two words that ______.
A. share the same word formation pattern B. have nearly the same meaning
C. are both related to agriculture and cultivation D. do not develop from the same meaning
Question 14: It can be inferred from the passage that since the 20 th century ______.
A. schools and universities have not taught classical literature, philosophy, and history
B. classical literature, philosophy, and history have been considered as core subjects
C. classical literature, philosophy, and history have not been taught as compulsory subjects
D. all schools and universities have taught classical literature, philosophy, and history
Question 15: The word “attributes” in paragraph 1 most likely means ______.
A. fields B. qualities C. aspects D. skills
Question 16: The word “static” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “______”.
A. unchanged B. balanced C. regular D. dense
Question 17: Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?
A. Anthropology and sociology have tried to limit the references to culture.
B. Distinctions have been drawn between culture and civilization.
C. The use of the word culture has been changed since the 19th century.
D. The word culture can be used to refer to a whole way of life of people.
Question 18: It is difficult to give the definitions of the word culture EXCEPT for its ______.
A. agricultural and medical meanings B. philosophical and historical meanings
C. historical and figurative meanings D. sociological and anthropological meanings
Question 19: Which of the following is NOT true about the word culture?
A. It differs from the word civilization. B. It evolves from agriculture.
C. Its use has been considerably changed. D. It is a word that cannot be defined.
Question 20: The passage mainly discusses ______.
A. the derivatives of the word culture B. the distinction between culture and civilization
C. the figurative meanings of the word culture D. the multiplicity of meanings of the word culture

Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1: Why don’t you have a night out? It would take your ______ off your worries.
A. thoughts B. heart C. head D. mind
Question 2: He was______ a mile of the hotel when he ran out of petrol.
A. within B. inside C. only D. hardly
Question 3: You will have to ______ your holiday if you are too ill to travel.
A. call off B. cut down C. back out D. put aside
Question 4: America, as well as Japan, England, and Germany ______.
A. are developed countries B. are developing countries
 C. is a developed country D. is developing countries
Question 5: I have ______ information about her situation to tell you.
A. too few B. so many C. so little D. too little
Question 6: I’d sooner they ______ deliver the new furniture tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. didn’t D. wouldn’t
Question 7: ______ I agree with you that the proposal is a good one.
A. By any means B. In view of the fact that
C. To a certain extent D. Under some circumstances
Question 8: The new road currently under ______ will solve the traffic problems in the town.
A. design B. progress C. construction D. work
Question 9: When the electricity failed, he ______ a match to find the candles.
A. rubbed B. struck C. scratched C. started
Question 10: For a while I was at a ______ to know what to say.
A. blank B. pain C. crisis D. loss
Question 11: The little boy pleaded ______ not to leave him alone in the dark.
A. his mother B. with his mother C. at his mother D. on his mother
Question 12: But for the rain, we ______ our destination ages ago.
A. reached B. had reached C. would reach D. would have reached
Question 13: Her blouse didn’t fit her well. ______.
A. So her skirt didn’t B. So didn’t her skirt C. But her skirt did D. But her skirt didn’t
Question 14: Pick me up at 4 p.m. I ______ my bath by then.
A. will have had B. must have had C. will have D. will be having
Question 15: All the sales people I met always try to ______ buying their products.
A. persuade me for B. force me to C. help me with D. talk me into
Question 16: He confessed ______ being somewhat nervous about having to speak in front of a large crowd.
A. to B. for C. about D. with
Question 17: Congress has decreed that gasoline tax ______.
A. will be abolished B. be abolished C. is abolished D. abolish
Question 18: A: “Have you heard Nick has just been awarded his PhD?”
B: “Yes, but intelligent ______ he is, he has no basic common sense.”
A. though B. although C. whereas D. however
Question 19: In the middle of the blue river ______.
A. does a tiny violet emerge B. did a tiny violet emerge
C. emerge a tiny violet flower D. emerged a tiny violet flower
Question 20: It’s hard to ______ on less than a million a month.
A. make a fuss B. make ends meet C. make a mess D. make up your mind

Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best
fits each of the numbered blanks.

THE DANGERS OF DIETING

Thanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever
before, the (1)______ of overweight people is at a new high. As people frantically search for a solution (2) ______
this problem, they often try some of the popular fad diets being offered. Many people see fad diets (3) ______
harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don’t fad diets usually
(4) ______ the trick, they can actually be dangerous for your health.
Although permanent weight loss is the (5) ______, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95
percent of dieters return to starting weight, or even (6) ______ weight. While the reckless use of fad diets can bring
some (7) ______ results, long-term results are very rare.
(8) ______, people who are fed up with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad
diets. (9) ______ being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of
food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation (10) ______a person’s body doesn’t
get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.
Question 1: A. number B. range C. amount D. sum
Question 2: A. with B. of C. on D. to
Question 3: A. through B. by C. as D. like
Question 4: A. take B. bring C. play D. do
Question 5: A. goal B. profit C. benefit D. case
Question 6: A. put B. lose C. reduce D. gain
Question 7: A. initial B. initiating C. initiative D. initiate
Question 8: A. Additionally B. Nonetheless C. Consequently D. Furthermore
Question 9: A. In spite of B. In addition to C. Rather than D. More than
Question 10: A. which B. where C. what D. why

Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
questions.
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effects of global warming. Scientists
have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and
birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration
patterns due to warmer temperatures.
With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher
elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many
places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their
way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and
mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar
bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther
north to go.
Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated
that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming.
The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even
entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, may not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear.
Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer
ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral.
Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death
of coral reefs around the world. Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases
the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems.
From "Global Warming" by Michael Mastrandrea and Stephen H. Schneider

Question 11: Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to ______.
A. die instantly B. bloom earlier C. become lighter D. lose color
Question 12: According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animals tend to move ______.
A. south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower elevations
B. north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher elevations
C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower elevations
D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations
Question 13: The pronoun “those” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. species B. ecosystems C. habitats D. areas
Question 14: The phrase “dwindling sea ice” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. the frozen water in the Arctic B. the violent Arctic Ocean
C. the melting ice in the Arctic D. the cold ice in the Arctic
Question 15: It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or 3 Celsius degrees, ______.
A. half of the earth’s surface would be flooded
B. the sea level would rise by 20 centimeters
C. water supply would decrease by 50 percent
D. 20 to 50 percent of species could become extinct
Question 16: According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures,
______.
A. they may be endangered B. they can begin to develop
C. they will certainly need water D. they move to tropical forests
Question 17: The word “fragile” in paragraph 4 most probably means ______.
A. very large B. easily damaged C. rather strong D. pretty hard
Question 18: The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates ______.
A. the water absorption of coral reefs B. the quick growth of marine mammals
C. the blooming phase of sea weeds D. the slow death of coral reefs
Question 19: The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by ______.
A. the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the ocean
B. the decrease of acidity of the pole waters
C. the extinction of species in coastal areas
D. the loss of acidity in the atmosphere around the earth
Question 20: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Influence of climate changes on human lifestyles
B. Effects of global warming on animals and plants
C. Global warming and possible solutions
D. Global warming and species migration

Give the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. (MYSTERY), the light came on though no one was near the switch.
2. Excessive (EXPOSE) to direct sunlight should of course be avoided.
3. The complete (RELEVANT) of this answer shows that the student did not read the question carefully.
4. Most birds (MIGRATORY) in the winter.
5. When a boy, Bob was a very (ATTEND) student and seemed to spend most of the time looking out of the window.
6. Travelling gives young people opportunities to (DEPTH) their understanding of the world.
7. The living-room is littered with (DISCARD) newspapers.
8. The boys took part in the competition with great (ENTHUSIAST).
9. Most young Americans want to lead a / an (DEPEND) life at the age of twenty.
10. (NEW) energy sources such as wind and wave power are pollution-free.

Circle the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 21: ______ his assistance in those days, I would not be so successful now.
A. Unless I had B. If there were not
C. If it had not for D. Had it not been for
Question 22: ______ that we all went for a picnic.
A. It was such a fine weather B. So fine the weather
C. Such a fine weather was it D. So fine was the weather
Question 23: He never ______ his word.
A. goes back on B. puts up with C. makes up for D. goes down with
Question 24: He is not very ______ of his son’s passion for loud music.
A. tolerated B. tolerable C. tolerant D. tolerantly
Question 25: The doctor insisted that his patient ______.
A. doesn’t work hard for three months B. takes it easy for three months
C. take it easy for three months D. will take some vacations for three months
Question 26: Even if you are rich, you should save some money for a ______ day.
A. windy B. rainy C. foggy D. cloudy
Question 27: The picture was ______; the thief would be disappointed when he tried to sell it.
A. worthless B. priceless C. invaluable D. unprofitable
Question 28: If you borrow my bike, don’t get it dirty, ______?
A. shall I B. will you C. do you D. can you
Question 29: She took a course in fine arts ______ starting her own business in interior design.
 A. with a view to B. in terms of C. in order to C. with reference to
Question 30: Most psychologists agree that the basic structure of an individual’s personality is ______.
A. by the age of five it is quite well established B. quite well established by the age of five
C. well established quite by the age of five D. by the age of five and quite well established
Question 31: I am not surprised that Tom is ill. He has been ______ for a long time. It was bound to affect his
health sooner or later.
A. having his cake and eating it B. burning the candle at both ends
C. playing with fire D. going to town
Question 32: I have no patience with gossips. What I told Bill was a secret. He ______ it to you.
A. mustn’t repeat B. mustn’t have repeated
C. shouldn’t repeat D. shouldn’t have repeated
Question 33: ______ is that a chicken stands up to lay its eggs.
A. What many people don’t realize B. Many people don’t realize
C. It is that many people don’t realize D. Because many people don’t realize
Question 34: I don’t like Anthony, he seems to take too much ______ in criticizing everyone.
A. pleasure B. joy C. fascination D. entertainment
Question 35: The avian influenza is __________ that all countries are trying to find a cure for it.
A. a so deadly disease B. so a deadly disease C. so deadly a disease D. such deadly disease
Question 36: The tenants were asked to throw all recyclable trash into ______.
A. the green big plastic bag B. the big plastic green bag
C. the big green plastic bag D. the green plastic big bag
Question 37: It is ______ an easy test. Make sure to study hard!
A. by no means B. through no means C. under no means D. over no means
Question 38: The referee was about __________ the match due to some coins and plastic bottles thrown into the
play-field, but neither team seemed willing __________ playing.
A. postponing / to stop B. postponing / to have stopped
C. to postpone / stopping D. to postpone / to stop
Question 39: Mary had a decayed tooth and decided to have it ______.
A. take out B. taking out C. taken out D. be taken out
Question 40: While trying to build a tunnel through the Blue Ridge Mountains, __________.
A. coal was discovered by workmen at the construction site.
B. the construction site was where coal was discovered by workmen.
C. workmen discovered coal at the construction site.
D. it was the construction site where workmen discovered coal.