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This is a famous example of an a priori or ontological argument. St. Anselm made the initial claim in
1070, stating that it must exist since we have an idea of an all-perfect person, which he characterized as
"that than which nothing greater can be conceived." St. Anselm described God as having every
imaginable perfection .This entity would be less flawless than if it genuinely existed if it only "existed" in
our minds. It wouldn't be as amazing as a being that truly existed, which would go against our
conception of God as a being that is supposed to exist.
Early proponents of this style of thinking included Plato, Aristotle, and St. Thomas Aquinas. Philosophers
refer to this one as the First-Cause Argument, or the Cosmological Argument. It is based on the premise
that every event must have a cause, and that cause must in turn have a cause, and so on and so forth.
This series of events would be endless if there is no end to this regression of causes. However, it is
illogical to have an endless cycle of causes and events (a causal loop cannot exist, nor a causal chain of
infinite length). There must be a first cause, or some other entity, which is uncaused in and of itself.
Some sort of "unconditioned" or "supreme" being would be necessary for this.