Name: ___________________________________________Grade & Section: _________________

Subject: General Chemistry 2 11/12 Teacher: ____________________ Score: _______________

Lesson Quarter 3, Week 4, LAS 1
Activity Title Reaction Rates
Learning Target Describe how various factors influence the rate of a reaction
Reference(s) Brown, LeMay & Bursten. 2004. Chemistry. The Central Science. Ninth Edition.
Pearson Prentice Hall
LAS Writer Isabelita Roa-Jabines, PhD

CONCEPT DIGEST
Chemical reaction is concerned with the formation of new substances from a given set of
reactants with different properties from the original. However, it is equally important to understand how
rapidly chemical reactions occur. Some reactions occur in a split second such as certain explosions
while others take thousands or even millions of years, such as the formation of diamonds and other
minerals in the Earth’s crust. Chemical kinetics is the area in chemistry which is concerned with the
speeds or rates of reactions.

Since reactions involve the breaking and forming of bonds, the speed of reaction depends on
the reactants themselves. There are four factors that affects the rates of reactions: a) physical state of
the reactants and surface area – if reactants exist in different phases, the rate of reaction will be limited
by the surface area. Increasing the surface area by pounding solid reactant or cutting materials into
pieces increases reaction rates; b) concentration of the reactants- increasing the concentration of one
or more reactants will often increase the rate of reaction. This occurs because a higher concentration
of a reactant will lead to more collisions of that reactant in a specific time period; c) temperature at
which reaction occurs- an increase in temperature will raise the kinetic energy of molecules thereby
increasing the rates of reaction; and d), presence of catalyst – a substance that accelerates a reaction
by participating in without it being consumed.

ACTIVITY
Task: Answer the questions that follow using the images on the
right.

1. Which reaction occurs faster in these two set-ups? Why?

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2. Which reaction takes more time to accomplish? ______;
Which needs less energy for chemical reaction to
proceed? _________; What factor have affected the
speed of reactions of the two samples? _____________

3. How do you compare the reaction rates between

catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions?
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______________________________________________
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Name: ___________________________________________Grade & Section: _________________
Subject: General Chemistry 2 11/12 Teacher: ____________________ Score: _______________

Lesson Quarter 3, Week 4, LAS 2

Activity Title Chemical Reaction Orders
Learning Target Determine reaction rates as zero, first-, and second-order reactions
Reference(s) Brown, LeMay & Bursten. 2004. Chemistry. The Central Science. Ninth Edition.
Pearson Prentice Hall
LAS Writer Isabelita Roa-Jabines, PhD

I CONCEPT DIGEST
As described in the previous lesson, you learned that the rate or speed of reaction is affected by
the concentration of reactants. Rate laws or rate equations are mathematical expressions that
described the relationship between the rate of chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
In general, a rate law takes this form:
rate = k[A]m [B]n [C]p…rate = k[A]m [B]n [C]p…
In which [A], [B], and [C] represents the molar concentrations of reactants, and k is the rate constant,
which is specific for a particular reaction at a particular temperature. The exponents m, n and p are
usually positive integers. The rate constant k is independent of the concentration of A, B, or C, but it
does vary with temperature and surface area. The exponents in a rate law describe the effects of the
reactant concentrations on the reaction rate and define the reaction order. The overall reaction order
is th sum total of the individual orders.

Example #1: An experiment shows that the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with carbon monoxide is 2nd order in NO2 and zero
order in CO at 1000C. What is the rate law for this reaction? NO2(g) + CO(g) → NO(g) + CO2(g)

Solution: rate = k[NO2]m [CO]n rate = k[NO2] [CO]n

The reaction is second order in NO2; thus m = 2. The reaction is zero order in CO; thus n = 0.

The rate law is: rate=k[NO2]2 [CO]0=k[NO2]2 Order in NO2 = 2, Order in CO = 0

Overall Order = (2 + 0) = 2

Example # 2: The rate law for the reaction:

H2(g)+2NO(g)⟶N2O(g)+H2O(g) has been determined to be:
rate = k[NO]2[H2].
What are the orders with respect to each reactant, and what is the overall order of the reaction?

Answer: order in NO = 2, order in H2 = 1 Overall Order (2 + 1) = 3

ACTIVITY
Task: Determine the overall reaction of the following:
No. Reaction Rate law Overall Reaction Order
1 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g) Rate = k[NO]2[O2]
2 2NO(g) + 2H2(g) 2N2(g) + 2H2O(g) Rate=k[NO]2[H2]
3 2ICl(g) + H2(g) 2HCl(g) + I2(g) Rate=k[ICl] [H2]
Name: ___________________________________________Grade & Section: _________________
Subject: General Chemistry 2 11/12 Teacher: ____________________ Score: _______________

Lesson Quarter 3, Week 4, LAS 3

Activity Title Collision Theory
Learning Target Explain reactions qualitatively in terms of molecular collisions
Reference(s) Brown, LeMay & Bursten. 2004. Chemistry. The Central Science. Ninth Edition.
Pearson Prentice Hall
LAS Writer Isabelita Roa-Jabines, PhD

CONCEPT DIGEST
The collision theory provides a qualitative explaination of chemical reactions and the rates at
which they occur. A basic principle of the collision theory is that, in order for chemical reactions to occur,
molecules must collide.
Consider these molecular interactions. If two molecules are
to react, they must come into contact with sufficient force so that
chemical bonds break. We call such encounter as, collision.

The frequency of collisions between

molecules of the reactants will be proportional to the
concentration of the reactants. If we double the
concentration of reactant A, the frequency of A-B
collisions will double, and doubling the
concentration of reactant B will have the same effect.
Therefore, according to collision theory, the rate at
which molecules collide will have an impact on the
overall reaction rate.

According to the collision theory, the

following criteria must be met in order for a
chemical reaction to occur: a) molecules
must collide with sufficient energy, known as
the activation energy, so that chemical
bonds can break; and, b) molecules must
collide with the proper orientation.

ACTIVITY
Task: For carbon dioxide (CO2) to form, C atom must collide with O2. Is the orientation of carbon atom
and oxygen molecule below will produce chemical reaction? ____________. If your answer is
no, please rearrange the particles by drawing, for effective collision to occur.

Question: When two particles collide (hit each other) sometimes a chemical reaction does not happen.
What conditions should be met for effective collision to occur?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Name: ___________________________________________Grade & Section: _________________
Subject: General Chemistry 2 11/12 Teacher: ____________________ Score: _______________

Lesson Quarter 3, Week 4, LAS 4

Activity Title Catalysts, Activation Energy and Reaction Rates
Learning Target Explain activation energy and how a catalyst affects the reaction rate
Week
Reference(s) Brown, LeMay & Bursten. 2004. Chemistry. The Central Science. Ninth Edition.
Pearson Prentice Hall
LAS Writer Isabelita Roa-Jabines, PhD

I CONCEPT DIGEST
A catalyst is a substance that changes the speed of a chemical reaction without itself
undergoing chemical change. Catalysts speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy or
changing the reaction mechanism. In the absence of a catalyst, chemical reactions would be very slow
and would require much activation energy.
In a laboratory work for example, where oxygen is produced by heating potassium chlorate
(KClO3) in the given equation below, potassium chlorate does not readily decompose without a catalyst,
even with strong heating.

However, mixing black manganese dioxide (MnO2) with KClO3 before heating causes the reaction to
occur much readily. MnO2 can be recovered largely unchanged from this reaction.

This graph shows the difference between a catalyzed reaction and

an uncatalyzed reaction. The line graph represents the activation
energy needed for a reaction to occur. Without a catalyst, a reaction
needs higher activation energy for reaction to proceed. However,
the broken line representing a catalyzed reaction spends only less
activation energy for reaction to occur. Take note that both reactions
accomplished the same amount of product but it takes longer time
and more energy for a reaction without the help of a catalyst.

III ACTIVITY

On the right is an energy profile of an exothermic

reaction in the absence of a catalyst.
1. Discuss the changes that occur to this profile when a
catalyst is added.

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2. Draw a broken line to the same graph showing the change in activation energy with the
addition of a catalyst.