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FUB-FUB-FB-640002-K14   FUB-FUB-FB-640002-K14 - Heating and air conditioning system - V.4, VIN: XXXXXXX 

ISTA system 4.06.31.20649 Data version R4.06.31 Programming -

version data

VIN XXXXXXX Vehicle X'/F48/off-road vehicle/X1

xDrive28i/B46/AUTO/US/LL/2016/09

Int.lev.works - Int.lev.(cur.) - Int.lev.(tar.) -

Mileage -

Heating and air conditioning system

The following equipment specifications are available, depending on the series:
l Integrated heater control (IHS)
l Standard heating and air conditioning (IHKS)
l Integrated automatic heating / air conditioning system (IHKA)
Differences between the heating and air conditioning system:

Integrated heater Standard heating and Integrated automatic

control (IHS) air conditioning (IHKS) heating / air
1-zone control 1-zone control conditioning system
(IHKA)
2-zone control

Automatic air recirculation --- --- 1

control sensor

Solar sensor --- --- 1

Condensation sensor --- --- 1

Interior temperature sensor --- --- 1

Ventilation temperature sensor --- --- 1

Footwell temperature sensor --- --- 1

Electric auxiliary heater (only 1 1 1

vehicles with diesel engine)

Microswitch, air distribution 1 1 ---

Air distribution flap motor 1 1 ---

Mixing flap drive 1 1 2

Defroster flap motor --- --- 1

Footwell flap motor --- --- 1

The following graphic illustrates a simplified heating and air-conditioning unit in the equipment specification standard heating
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and air conditioning using the example F56.

For modifications against the integrated heater control (IHS), see legend.

Item Explanation Item Explanation

A View heating and air-conditioning unit, B View heating and air-conditioning unit,
front right, shown: Equipment front left, shown: Equipment
specification standard heating and air specification standard heating and air
conditioning (IHKS) conditioning (IHKS)

1 Microswitch, air distribution 2 Recirculated-air-flap motor

3 Air distribution flap motor 4 Mixing flap drive

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5 Evaporator temperature sensor (not 6 Heat exchanger for heating system

IHS)

7 Electric auxiliary heater 8 - Heating and air conditioning control

unit

9 Blower with blower output stage

The arrow shows the direction of travel

The following graphic illustrates a simplified heating and air-conditioning unit in the equipment specification IHKA using the
example F45.
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Item Explanation Item Explanation

A View heating and air-conditioning unit, B View heating and air-conditioning unit,
front right, shown: Equipment front left, shown: Equipment
specification IHKA specification IHKA

1 Footwell temperature sensor 2 Ventilation temperature sensor

3 Defroster flap motor 4 Recirculated-air-flap motor

5 Footwell flap motor 6 Mixing flap drive, right

7 Evaporator temperature sensor 8 Blower with blower output stage

9 - Heating and air conditioning control 10 Mixing flap drive, left

unit

11 Electric auxiliary heater 12 Heat exchanger for heating system

The arrow shows the direction of travel

Brief component description

The following components are described for the heating and air conditioning system:
l Control panel for heating and air conditioning system
l Heating and air conditioning system control unit
l Blower with blower output stage
l Electric auxiliary heater
l Flap motors
l Sensors
- Interior temperature sensor

- Refrigerant pressure sensor

- Evaporator temperature sensor

- Rain-light-solar-condensation sensor

- Automatic air recirculation control sensor (AUC sensor)

- Ventilation temperature sensor

- Footwell temperature sensor

l A/C compressor with magnetic coupling and control valve

l Capacitor with integrated dryer flask
l Expansion valve

Control panel for heating and air conditioning system

The heating and air conditioning system is operated via the operating elements on the heating and air conditioning system
control panel. The control panel is connected on the control unit of the Air conditioning via the LIN bus. The control unit
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supplies the control panel with terminal 30F and electronics ground.

Note! Follow diagnosis wiring diagrams!

Depending on the vehicle equipment (e.g. audio system), the heating and air conditioning system control panel is
connected to the control unit of the heating and air conditioning system either directly or via the audio control
panel.

Inside the control panel of the heating and air conditioning system the operation of the operating element is evaluated and is
then forwarded to the control unit of the heating and air conditioning system by means of the LIN bus.
The following graphic illustrates the equipment specifications for the control panel of the heating and air conditioning system
using the example F45.

Item Explanation Item Explanation

A Control panel of standard heating and B Control panel of the integrated

air conditioning (IHKS) automatic heating and air-conditioning
system (IHKA)

The following graphic illustrates the equipment specifications for the control panel of the heating and air conditioning system
using the example F56.
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Item Explanation Item Explanation

A Control panel of integrated heater B Control panel of standard heating and

control (IHS) air conditioning (IHKS)

C Control panel of the integrated

automatic heating and air-conditioning
system (IHKA)

Heating and air conditioning system control unit

The control panel and the control unit of the heating and air conditioning system are installed separately. Communication
between the control panel and the control unit is effected via a bus connection (LIN bus).
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The control unit of the heating and air conditioning system is a bus user on the K-CAN.
The power distribution box in the Body Domain Controller (BDC) supplies the control unit of the heating and air conditioning
system with terminal 30F and ground connection.

Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 - Heating and air conditioning 2 26‐pin plug connection

control unit

3 26‐pin plug connection

The control unit controls and adjusts the heating and the climate control. In doing so, the control unit picks up the sensor
signals and continuously adapts the control variables for blow-out temperature and blower output.
The control unit prompts e.g. to switch on respectively to switch off the air conditioning compressor or the heated rear
window by means of the Body Domain Controller.

Blower with blower output stage

The blower creates the necessary air mass flow in the heating and air conditioning system. The control unit of the heating
and air conditioning system specifies the nominal voltage for the blower motor to the blower output stage. The nominal
voltage is issued by the control unit as a signal on the LIN bus. The activation of the blower motor via the blower output
stage takes place depending on this control signal.
The blower output stage is diagnosis-capable. The corresponding diagnosis information are transferred to the control unit of
the heating and air conditioning system via the LIN bus and are then evaluated there. When there is a threat of overheating
for the blower output stage, the output voltage will be reduced, which leads to reduced blower output.

Electric auxiliary heater

Note!
The installation of the electric auxiliary heater depends on the engine version (e.g. vehicles with diesel engine
only).

The electric auxiliary heater using the PTC principle (resistance with positive temperature coefficient) heats the air flow for
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controlled-temperature air in the passenger compartment. The electric auxiliary heater accelerates the heating of the
passenger compartment, especially at low ambient temperatures and during the cold-start phase. In principle, the electric
auxiliary heater works like an electric radiator.
The heating elements in the electric auxiliary heater are PTC resistors. The heating elements are made up of individual
ceramic semiconductor resistors. As of a certain temperature, the resistance of the heating element has a positive
temperature coefficient. That means: The warmer the heating elements become, the higher their resistance. When the
electric auxiliary heater is switched on, a high level of current flows. With increasing heating, this level of current falls. This
limits the maximum power consumption. These electrical characteristics of the resistors enable a temperature of approx. 120
°C in the area surrounding the heating elements that presents no problem for the heater/air conditioning system. This
"physical" overheat protection is ensured even in the event of a blower malfunction.
The electric auxiliary heater is a separate component and is installed in the heating and air-conditioning unit. The electric
auxiliary heater is activated by the control unit of the heating and air conditioning system. Depending on various signal (e.g.
temperature signal from ventilation temperature sensor, signals from energy management), a percentage power request for
the electric auxiliary heater is generated in the control unit and sent on the LIN bus. The maximum electrical power output of
the electric auxiliary heater depends on the resources of the vehicle electrical system. As a general principle, only the excess
power of the alternator is available to the electric auxiliary heater.

Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 Electric auxiliary heater 2 Four-pin plug connection with

connection for the LIN bus

3 Connection of the load earth 4 Connection of voltage supply

(for heating elements and
electronics)

Flap motors
The flap motors are activated by the control unit of the heating and air conditioning system via the LIN bus and are supplied
with power and an earth connection. In the rest state, the control unit switches the supply voltage off.
The flap motor is fitted with an integrated circuit. This circuit controls the coil of the flap motor. The circuit has bus- and
diagnosis capabilities. After activation of the flap motor, the integrated circuit sends position feedback (actual position) to the
control unit. The flap motors communicate across the LIN bus with the HKA control unit. The flap motors are switched in
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series on the LIN bus. Each flap motor is assigned a certain address. The address determines which function the flap motor
assumes in the system network. For example, the defroster flap motor knows that messages are being addressed to it via
this address (e.g. open flap). Via this address, the control unit of the heater and air conditioning system knows, for example,
from which flap motor it has received a fault message.

Microswitch air distribution (IHS and IHKS only)

The air distribution flap motor has the task of setting the air distribution via central kinematics over a cam disc.
The air distribution selector wheel can be used to select for example the following programs for the air distribution:
l Air distribution to the windows
l Air distribution to the upper body area
l Air distribution to the windows, to the upper body area and into the footwell
l Air distribution into the footwell
The air distribution flap motor has no way of recognising the actual position. Despite this, two cams of different widths are
provided on the cam disc to allow the cam disc to be unambiguously positioned. The microswitch for air distribution signals
to the heating and air conditioning system control unit that the cams have been passed over.
This mechanism achieves reliable and rapid positioning of the cam disk.

Sensors
Depending on the equipment specification of the heating and air conditioning system, the following sensors are installed:
l Interior temperature sensor, IHKA only
An interior temperature sensor is installed in the heating and air conditioning system control panel. The interior
temperature sensor measures the air temperature in the vehicle interior.
l Refrigerant pressure sensor, IHKS and IHKA only
The refrigerant pressure sensor is located in the pressure line between the capacitor and the evaporator. Depending
on the sensor signal, the air conditioning compressor is regulated by the control unit for the heating and air
conditioning system in the event of excessive refrigerant pressure. The refrigerant pressure sensor is connected to the
Body Domain Controller (BDC). The data is evaluated in the Body Domain Controller (BDC). The prepared data is sent
across the body CAN (K‐CAN) to the control unit for the heating and air conditioning system.
l Evaporator temperature sensor, IHKS and IHKA only
The evaporator temperature sensor picks up the outlet temperature of the cooled air at the evaporator to prevent icing
of the evaporator. The evaporator temperature sensor is directly connected to the control unit for the heating and air
conditioning system.
l Rain-light-solar-condensation sensor, IHKA only
The solar sensor and condensation sensor are parts of the rain‐light‐solar‐condensation sensor. The solar sensor
enables the control unit of the heating and air conditioning system to take account of solar irradiation. The solar sensor
measures the sunlight on the vehicle. The sunlight on the driver's side and passenger's side are detected separately.
Sunlight compensation is only active in the automatic program.
The condensation sensor enables to detect condensation at an early stage, even before the driver can detect it.
Counter-measures (program for the prevention of condensation) can be taken in good time without the need for driver
intervention. The condensation sensor provides the following information:
- Temperature on inside of the windscreen

- Air humidity on inside of the windscreen

The sensor data is processed in the evaluation electronics unit of the rain-light-solar-condensation sensor. The rain‐
light‐solar‐condensation sensor provides the data via the LIN bus. The Body Domain Controller (BDC) adopts the
signals in the corresponding CAN message and sends them. The control unit of the heating and air conditioning
system is a bus user on the CAN. In the event of a rain sensor or condensation sensor malfunction, a fault code entry
is made in the Body Domain Controller (BDC).
l Sensor for automatic air recirculation control (AUC sensor), IHKA only
Depending on the version of the heating and air conditioning system, an automatic air recirculation control sensor may
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be installed. The AUC sensor is a metal oxide sensor. This sensor is highly sensitive to various smells and pollutants
that are typical of traffic.
The automatic air recirculation control sensor evaluates the concentration of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in
the intake fresh air. The automatic air recirculation control sensor converts the detected air quality (also referred as air
grade) into an electrical signal. To simplify processing of the information, the air quality in divided into 10 stages:
- Stages 0 to 10 (clean to severely contaminated)
The automatic air recirculation control sensor transmits the relevant stage to the Body Domain Controller (BDC) as a
pulse-width modulated signal (PWM signal). The Body Domain Controller (BDC) transmits the digital signal on the
CAN bus to the control unit of the heating and air conditioning system. If the automatic air recirculation control sensor
measures an emission level that is too high, an automatic changeover to air recirculation function takes place via the
control unit (prerequisite: Heating and air conditioning system in automatic mode).
l Ventilation temperature sensor, IHKA only
The ventilation temperature sensor detects the blow-out temperature on the center ventilation flap on the driver's side.
The ventilation temperature sensor is connected to the control unit for the heating and air conditioning system. The
control unit uses this message to regulate the corresponding flap motor.
l Footwell temperature sensor, IHKA only
A sensor is installed on the left footwell air outlet. The sensor is directly connected to the control unit for the heating
and air conditioning system. The control unit uses this message to regulate the corresponding footwell flap motor.

A/C compressor with magnetic coupling and control valve

The air conditioning compressor driven by the engine by means of a belt drive. The air-conditioning compressor is switched
on and off via a magnetic coupling. Following the request of the control unit, the heating and air conditioning system
activates the Body Domain Controller (BDC), the magnetic coupling and the control valve of the air conditioning compressor.
Stepless power control is possible in the air conditioning compressor. The air conditioning compressor compresses the
drawn in refrigerant. The refrigerant is pressed towards the capacitor. Within the A/C compressor, the delivery volume and
thus the pressure in the refrigerant circuit is generated by pistons. The piston stroke is controlled by a swash plate. The
electric control valve on the A/C compressor influences the balance of forces on the swash plate and thus the adjustment of
the displacement. The Body Domain Controller (BDC) controls the control valve with clocked voltage. The control unit of the
heating and air conditioning system prompts the activation. For the purpose of load reduction, only the cooling power that is
directly needed is generated.

Capacitor with integrated dryer flask

In the capacitor, gaseous refrigerant is converted into liquid refrigerant. In the integrated downstream dryer flask, any water
present in the refrigerant circuit is bound.

Expansion valve
The expansion valve controls the injection quantity into the evaporator. Only as much liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator
as the evaporator is able to completely evaporate. Drops of liquid that have not been evaporated would cause damage in the
A/C compressor.

System functions
The following system functions are described for the heating and air conditioning system:
l Integrated heater control
The control is based on the adjusted setpoint value. The setpoint value is adjusted by means of the temperature
selector wheel on the control panel. The ventilation temperature is controlled via the blending flap in the heating and
air-conditioning unit. The blending flap guides the air mass flow fully or partially over the heat exchanger and the
electric auxiliary heater (depending on the adjusted nominal temperature value). Subsequently, the air flows mix once
again. The air mass flow is then guided via the air distribution flaps into the vehicle interior.
l Integrated heating and air-conditioning control
The control is based on the adjusted setpoint value. The setpoint value is adjusted by means of the temperature
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selector wheel on the control panel. The ventilation temperature is controlled via the blending flap in the heating and
air-conditioning unit. The air mass flow is directed by the evaporator. As this happens, the air mass flow is cooled and
dried (providing the air-conditioning system is switched on). Then, the blending flap guides the air mass flow fully or
partially over the heat exchanger and the electric auxiliary heater (depending on the adjusted nominal temperature
value). Subsequently, the air flows mix once again. The air mass flow is then guided via the air distribution flaps into
the vehicle interior.
l Integrated automatic heating / air conditioning system
A master controller carries out the temperature control inside the vehicle interior. This control is based on the adjusted
setpoint value and the calculated actual value of the temperature. The setpoint value is adjusted by means of the
temperature selector wheel on the IHKA controls. The actual value is calculated using the temperature signal from the
interior temperature sensor, the footwell temperature sensor and the ventilation temperature sensor as well as of the
measured value of the solar sensor. The reference variable is calculated from the comparison between the actual
value for the interior temperature and the corrected setpoint value. Compared to the set setpoint value, the interior
temperature is raised in the cold so that a comfortable level is achieved even at negative temperatures, despite the
temperature setting being unchanged. The ambient temperature is transmitted to the IHKA control unit via the body
CAN.
The ventilation temperature is controlled separately for the driver's side and the passenger's side using 2 blending
flaps in the heating and air-conditioning unit. The air mass flow is directed by the evaporator. As this happens, the air
mass flow is cooled and dried (providing the air-conditioning system is switched on). Then, the 2 blending flap guide
the air mass flow separately for the driver's side and the passenger's side fully or partially over the heat exchanger and
the electric auxiliary heater (depending on the nominal temperature value adjusted in the IHKA controls).
Subsequently, the air flows mix once again. The air mass flow is then guided via the air flaps into the passenger
compartment.
Evaporator temperature, IHKS and IHKA only:
The evaporator temperature is regulated with the help of the evaporator temperature sensor and the expansion valve. The
evaporator temperature is adjusted to the specified setpoint value of 2 °C. Lower temperatures are not possible due to the
risk of icing up. The evaporator control is independent from the temperature control in the vehicle interior.

Functional networking
The following equipment specifications are available, depending on the series:
l IHS: Integrated heater control
l IHKS: Integrated heating and air-conditioning control
l Integrated automatic heating / air conditioning system: Integrated automatic heating / air conditioning system

The following graphic illustrates the simplified functional networking for the integrated heater control (IHS).
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Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 Fuse box 2 Heated windscreen (depends on

equipment fitted)

3 Relay for heated windscreen 4 Front fuse and relay module

5 Body Domain Controller 6 Power distribution box in the Body

Domain Controller (BDC) with relay for
heated rear window

7 Microswitch, air distribution 8 Electric auxiliary heater

9 Mixing flap drive 10 Recirculated-air-flap motor

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11 Air distribution flap motor 12 Air conditioning control unit (IHS control
unit):

13 Audio control panel 14 Control panel for heating and air

conditioning system

15 Blower motor 16 Blower output stage

The following graphic illustrates the simplified functional networking for the standard heating and air conditioning (IHKS).

Item Explanation Item Explanation

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1 Fuse box 2 Heated windscreen (depending on

series and equipment)

3 Relay for heated windscreen 4 A/C compressor with magnetic coupling

and control valve

5 Refrigerant pressure sensor 6 Front fuse and relay module

7 Body Domain Controller 8 Power distribution box in the Body

Domain Controller (BDC) with relay for
heated rear window

9 Microswitch, air distribution 10 Evaporator temperature sensor

11 Electric auxiliary heater 12 Mixing flap drive

13 Recirculated-air-flap motor 14 Air distribution flap motor

15 Audio control panel 16 Control panel for heating and air

conditioning system

17 Air conditioning control unit (IHKS 18 Blower motor

control unit):

19 Blower output stage

The following graphic illustrates the simplified functional networking for the IHKA.
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Item Explanation Item Explanation

1 Fuse box 2 Heated windscreen (depending on

series and equipment)

3 Relay for heated windscreen 4 A/C compressor with magnetic coupling

and control valve

5 Refrigerant pressure sensor 6 Front fuse and relay module

7 Body Domain Controller 8 Power distribution box in the Body

Domain Controller (BDC) with relay for
heated rear window
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9 Evaporator temperature sensor 10 Footwell temperature sensor

11 Ventilation temperature sensor 12 Electric auxiliary heater

13 Mixing flap drive, left 14 Mixing flap drive, right

15 Recirculated-air-flap motor 16 Footwell flap motor

17 Defroster flap motor 18 Audio control panel

19 Control panel for heating and air 20 - Control panel of the heating and air
conditioning system conditioning system (IHKA control unit)

21 Rain-light-solar-condensation sensor 22 Blower motor

23 Blower output stage 24 Automatic air recirculation control

sensor

Notes for Service department

General notes
Running in A/C compressor
After replacement of an air conditioning compressor or refilling the refrigerant circuit, the air conditioning compressor must be
run in. Running in is required to ensure lubrication (oil distribution). Running in can only be carried out using the BMW
diagnosis system.
For this running in, the air conditioning compressor must be operated within the specified engine speed range. Here, the oil
volume filled by the manufacturer mixes evenly with the liquid refrigerant. If the engine speed exceeds the specified engine
speed range, running in is aborted automatically. The running-in procedure must then be repeated in its entirety.
Encoding of the heating and air conditioning system
When encoding the vehicle-specific data, the following details (among others) are taken into account:
l Engine version (diesel engine or petrol engine)
l Version of heating and air conditioning system (e.g. IHS, IHKS or IHKA)
Also follow diagnosis service functions!

We can assume no liability for printing errors or inaccuracies in this document and reserve the right to introduce technical
modifications at any time.