LAYERS OF

ROCKS AND

HOW THEY
FORMED
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 4
TOPICS COVERED
TO KNOW HOW LAYERS OF ROCKS ARE FORMED
TO KNOW HOW LAYERS OF ROCKS FORMED IN 5
STAGES
TO KNOW HOW TO IDENTIFY ROCKS
THE TYPES OF ROCKS AND HOW IT MADE
LOCATIONS WITH THE MOST STRATIFIED ROCKS
AND EXAMPLES PLACES
ROCKS IMPORTANCE IN OUR HISTORY
How layers of
rocks are formed?
Strata, the plural of the Latin term stratum, is
another term for rock layers. All of the features of
stratified rock are described by stratigraphy. The
weathering and erosion of mountains produce the
rock layers, and the transported and deposited
particles form the sedimentary basin. In order to
create layers, the sediment particles are later
bonded together over a long period of time.
THERE ARE 5 STAGES
IN ROCK FORMATION
1. Weathering of pre existing rocks
2. Transport of the weathering products
3. Deposition of the material
4. Compaction
5. Cementation of the sediment
To identify rock layers:
Physical properties
ex. hardness, color, cleavage, fracture, and gravity
Luster
ex. metallic, submetallic, dull greasy, waxy, and pearly
Banding
ex. slate, gneiss, and schist
Grain size
ex. boulder, cobble, and pebble
TYPES OF LAYERED ROCKS:
long layers
short layers
textured layers classic layers
shaggy layers
layer-less
THE TYPE
OF ROCKS
IGNEOUS,
SEDIMENTARY, AND
METAMORPHIC
Rock layers (Strata) are formed differently
depending on the type of rock they are
made of
In the case of Igneous rocks:
When volcanoes erupt they eject significant volumes of ash
and volcanic projectiles those rocks and dust particles settle
down in the form of layers and that is what you see. As well,
volcanoes that result in magma flows form layers to create
magma eruptions.
In the case of Metamorphic rocks:
They are formed after being exposed to extremely high
temperature and/or pressure, resulting in a change in mineral
composition and formation of layers within the same rock.

In the case of Sedimentary rocks:

Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from consolidation of
clasts or detritus. Then, these rocks are deposited horizontally,
they might get tilted or faulted or not. The end result is that
they get squeezed down by the pressure of the load on top of
them.
Layers of Igneous,
Sedimentary, and
Metamorphic
igneous rock doesn’t have layer why?
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet's
mantle or crust.
Layers of the metamorphic
This layering is a result of the process of metamorphism. Metamorphism is the
changing of rocks by heat and pressure. During this process, rocks change either
physically and/or chemically. They change so much that they become an entirely
new rock.
Layers of the sedimentary
Slight changes in particle size or composition result in the formation of layers, also
called beds, in the rock. Layering, or bedding, is the most obvious feature of
sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed particle by particle and bed by
bed, and the layers are piled one on top of the other.
Where to find the biggest
layers of rocks?
Big formations of rocks are usually found
in hilly areas, beaches, deserts, islands,
plateaus, and sometimes in the middle of
the ocean.
Example places

Devil’s Tower, USA

Most scientists think that the
rock has been formed by
cooling of lava and exposure
to the atmosphere.
Split Apple Rock, New Zealand
Split Apple Rock has been in
existence since the Ice Age. The
round shaped rock has a sharp split in
the middle. Scientists believe that the
rock was split through a natural
phenomenon known as 'ice wedging'
during an ice age over 120 million
years ago. As the temperature
dropped, any water that had the
cracks of the rock would have frozen,
causing it to expand and split
Mount Everest, Asia
Standing tall at the height of 8,850
meters, Mount Everest is the highest
mountain peak in the whole world. It
is a sedimentary rock formation
composed of limestone, pelite, shale,
and marble.
The mountain was formed by the
upward force generated when the
Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates
collided, pushing up the rocks that
formed the highest mountain on
Earth.
The rocks importance in
history
What historical importance do rock layers have?
because they provide information about past conditions
on Earth. We can assemble the historical record of a
planet and trace events that occurred long before
humans roamed our planet. They discover fossils of
organisms that lived in the past as they investigate the
layers. Scientists have built the geologic time scale, which
is used to describe Earth's 4.6 billion-year history, by
examining where fossils are located in the rock layers.
CROSSWORD
GAME
QUIZ TIME😈😈😈
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THANK YOU!!