KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
MID-SEMESTER EXAMINATION (2019/2020)

PETE 352: PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS AND SUBMIT BY 6TH MAY 2020

1. To meet the energy demands for near-future, finding new hydrocarbon resources and efficient
ways to produce them is critical
a. True
b. False

2. Considering that the fossil-fuels (hydrocarbons) would supply more than 50% of the global
energy demands at least for the next few decades, which ones out of the following would be
important? Choose all that you think are correct
a. Find more hydrocarbon resources
b. Devise ways to safely produce energy from the gas-hydrates
c. Devise means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fuel burning
d. Just keep producing oil and gas giving no importance to the environment

3. The Figure above shows the estimated petroleum reserves (produced, reserves, undiscovered)
for different regions around the globe. Based on this Figure, which region is likely to the major
supplier of the fossil-fuel resources in the coming decades?
a. North America
b. Latin America
c. Middle-east
d. Eurasia
e. Europe

4. When hydrocarbon enters a reservoir rock its porosity is usually preserved

a. True
b. False

5. Common clay cementation in sandstone are kaolinitic, illitic, and smectitic. Out of these
three, which one has the most harmful effect in the permeability of the reservoir:
a. Illitic
b. Smectitic
c. Kaolinitic
d. They all have equal effect on the reservoir permeability

6. These rocks are the most effective seal rocks.

a. Carbonates.
b. Detrital rocks.
c. Evaporites.
d. Shales.
e. Reefal limestones.

7. Hydrocarbon migration between two reservoir rocks in subsurface environments is known as

_____________.
a. Primary migration.
b. Pressure-driven migration.
c. Does not have a specific name.
d. Secondary migration.
e. Such migration of the hydrocarbons in the subsurface is not possible.

8. Which of the following substances is not a major component in the crude oil composition?
a. Paraffins.
b. Ketones.
c. Alkanes.
d. Cycloalkanes.
e. Aromatics.
9. The pressure above the hydrostatic pressure in a well is known as ___________.
a. Pressure gradient.
b. Measured pressure.
c. Dynamic pressure.
d. Lithologic pressure.
e. Overpressure.

10. The second in frequency element in the oil composition.

a. Sulphur.
b. Hydrogen.
c. Phosphorus.
d. Oxygen.
e. Nitrogen.

11. The highest oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratio is known in this kind of kerogen.
a. Liptinic.
b. Sapropelic.
c. Liptinic and sapropelic.
d. Humic.

12. The depositional tracts below can be found in which environment?

a. Marine
b. Fluvial
c. Continental
d. Transitional
e. Lagoonal

13. Bacteria transformation of the dead organic matter begins during this phase of burial.
a. Digenesis
b. Metagennesis
c. Catagenesis
d. Oil-window
e. Gas-window

14. What are the major chemicals that are found in the organic matter? Choose all that are
correct.
a. Proteins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Lipids
d. Lignin
e. Pyrite
f. Ferrous oxide

15. What are the secondary pores in a sedimentary rock?

a. Pores that are formed during deposition.
b. Pores that are formed after deposition.
c. Pores that are formed either during or after deposition.
d. None of the above

16. Porosity for most of the carbonate reservoirs are secondary in nature
a. True
b. False

17. Does geothermal gradient have any effect on the porosity of the sedimentary rocks?
a. Yes
b. No

18. When hydrocarbon enters a reservoir rock its porosity is usually preserved
a. True
b. False

19. Small amount of cementation is beneficial to a sandstone reservoir

a. True
b. False

20. These rocks are most effective source rocks

a. Carbonates
b. Detrital rocks
c. Evaporites
d. Shales
e. Reefal Limestones