Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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CHEMISTRY 0620/43
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2019

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1 hour 15 minutes

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Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

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No Additional Materials are required.

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READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
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Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
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Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
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Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
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A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
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At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
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This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

IB19 11_0620_43/2RP
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
 2

1 (a) Atoms are made of smaller particles called electrons, neutrons and protons.

Complete the table.

Note: You will be able

particle relative charge relative mass
to answer this
1 question if and only
electron -1 1840 if you have learnt by
heart your concepts-
neutron 0 1 really well!

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proton +1 1

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[2]

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(b) The table gives information about atoms and ions A, B and C.

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Complete the table.

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number of number of number of

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symbol
electrons neutronsso protons

A 13 14 13 13Al
27
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B 10 13 12 12Mg
25 2+

19 -
F
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C 10 10 9
9
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Explanation [6]
For row A; [Total: 8]
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27-14=13 electrons

For row B :
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If there are 12 protons then there should have been 12 electrons. But the symbol of
the ion shows +2. Hence it indicates the loss of 2 electrons
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 3

2 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances
D, E, F, G, H and I.

melting point boiling point electrical conductivity electrical conductivity

substance
/ °C / °C when solid when liquid
D 1610 2230 non-conductor non-conductor
E 801 1413 non-conductor good conductor
F –119 43 non-conductor non-conductor

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G 1535 2750 good conductor good conductor
H 114 184 non-conductor non-conductor

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I –210 –196 non-conductor non-conductor

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Choose substances from the table which match the following descriptions. Each substance may be
used once, more than once or not at all.

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F

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(a) Which substance is a liquid at 25 °C? ................................................................................... [1]
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(b) Which substance is a gas at 25 °C? ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ [1]

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(c) Which three substances contain simple molecules?
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F,H and I
............................................................................................................................................... [3]
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(d) Which substance could be a metal? Give a reason for your answer.
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G
substance ...................................................................................................................................

reason ..It is a good conductor when in the solid state.

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.......................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
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[2]
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(e) Which substance has a macromolecular structure? Give two reasons for your answer.

D
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substance ...................................................................................................................................
It has a high melting point.
reason 1 ......................................................................................................................................
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It is a non-conductor of elecricity when it is a solid or a liquid.

reason 2 ......................................................................................................................................
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[3]
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(f) Which substance is an ionic solid? Give one reason for your answer.
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substance E
...................................................................................................................................
It only conducts electricity when it is a liquid
reason .........................................................................................................................................
or
It only conducts electricity when it is a liquid but not when it is a solid.
.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 12]

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 4

3 (a) Name the ore of aluminium which mainly consists of aluminium oxide.
Bauxite
............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Aluminium is produced by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite.

waste gases

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positive electrode

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molten mixture of
negative electrode
aluminium oxide and cryolite

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aluminium

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(i) Give two reasons why the electrolysis is done using a molten mixture of aluminium oxide
and cryolite instead of molten aluminium oxide only.

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It improves conductivity or It is a better conductor
1 ...........................................................................................................................................
It has a lower operating temperature.
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2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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(ii) Write ionic half-equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes.
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2O2- --> O + 4e-

2
positive electrode .................................................................................................................
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Al3+ + 3e- --> Al

negative electrode ...............................................................................................................
[2]
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(iii) The anodes are made of carbon and have to be replaced regularly.
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Explain why the carbon anodes have to be replaced regularly.

..Anodes(or carbon) react with oxygen to form carbondioxide.Hence they

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............................................................................................................................................
need to be replaced.
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........................................................................................................................................ [2]
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 5

(c) The positions of some common metals in the reactivity series are shown.

most reactive magnesium

aluminium

least reactive copper

(i) When magnesium is placed in aqueous copper(II) sulfate a displacement reaction occurs

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immediately. ********You lose one mark if you do not write the state symbols********

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Write an ionic equation for the reaction. Include state symbols.
Mg(s) + Cu2+ (aq) --> Cu (s) + Mg2+ (aq)
........................................................................................................................................ [2]

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[1]mark->Writing correct ionis equation and another [1] mark for writing the state symbols.
(ii) State two observations you would make when magnesium is placed in aqueous

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copper(II) sulfate.
The solid dissolves [ or] The solid disappears

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1 ...........................................................................................................................................
The blue colour of the solution fades [or] The solution becomes paler

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2 ...........................................................................................................................................
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Other accepted options: 1)Solution becomes colourless 2) Pink/Orange/Brown solid is formed [2]

(iii) When aluminium foil is added to aqueous copper(II) sulfate no immediate reaction takes
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place.

Explain why.
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Beacuse an unreactive coating of aluminium oxide is formed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]
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(d) Aluminium powder reacts with iron(III) oxide to produce aluminium oxide and iron.
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Note: As per the marking scheme, even if your

Write a chemical equation for this reaction. complete equation is not correct, still you get [1]
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mark for simply mentioning Fe2O3 and Al2O3

..2Al + Fe2O3 --> 2Fe + Al2O3
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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[Total: 14]
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4 This question is about phosphorus and compounds of phosphorus.

(a) A phosphorus molecule contains four phosphorus atoms only.

What is the formula of a phosphorus molecule?

P4
............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Phosphorus reacts with chlorine gas to produce phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3.

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(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between phosphorus and chlorine to produce
phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3. Even if you do incorrect balancing, you still score a mark for

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writing correct symbols of reactants and products.
P........................................................................................................................................
4+ 6Cl2 --> 4 PCl3 [2]

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(ii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of
phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3. Show outer shell electrons only.

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. .. u rc
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..
Cl

X
.
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.. X. . .
X
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.. ..
Cl P Cl
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X
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[2]
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 7

(c) Gaseous phosphorus(III) chloride, PCl 3, reacts with gaseous chlorine to form gaseous
phosphorus(V) chloride, PCl 5.

PCl 3(g) + Cl 2(g) PCl 5(g)

The chemical equation for this reaction can be represented as shown.

Cl Cl
Cl
Cl P Cl + Cl Cl P Cl
Cl

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BOND BREAKING Cl
BOND MAKING

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(i) Use the bond energies in the table to calculate the energy change, in kJ / mol, of the
reaction.

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bond bond energy in kJ / mol

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P– Cl 326

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Cl – Cl 243

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●● Energy needed to break bonds. so
Bond breaking=3(P-Cl) + 1(Cl-Cl)= (3 x 326) + (243)=1221
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1221
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.............................. kJ

●● Energy released when bonds are formed.

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Bond forming = 5( P-Cl)= 5 X (326) = 1630

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1630
.............................. kJ
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●● Energy change of reaction.

Energy Chnage=-409 kJ
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-409
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energy change = .............................. kJ / mol

Note: Negative sign in the final answer is essential [3]
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(ii) Deduce whether the energy change for this reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Explain
your answer.
Exothermic and the energy released when bonds are formed is greater than the
..............................................................................................................................................
energy absorbed to break the bonds.
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

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 8

(d) Under certain conditions the reaction reaches equilibrium.

PCl 3(g) + Cl 2(g) PCl 5(g)


State and explain the effect, if any, on the position of equilibrium if the pressure is increased.
All other conditions are unchanged.
There are fewer moles on the right. Hence the equilibrium shifts to the right.
.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(e) Phosphine, PH3, is produced by the reaction between water and calcium phosphide, Ca3P2.

Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.

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6 2O
Ca3P2 + ......H 3
...........Ca(OH) 2
2 + ......PH3 [2]

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(f) The phosphonium ion, PH4+, is similar to the ammonium ion.

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+
4 NH
(i) State the formula of the ammonium ion. ����������������������������������������������������������������������� [1]

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4 PH I
(ii) Suggest the formula of phosphonium iodide. ���������������������������������������������������������������
so [1]

(g) Calcium phosphate contains the phosphate ion, PO43–.

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What is the formula of calcium phosphate?
Ca PO )
3( 4 2
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............................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(h) Phosphorus forms another compound with hydrogen with the following composition by mass:
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P, 93.94%; H, 6.06%.
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(i) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.

P H
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93.94 /31=3.03 6.06/1=6.06

Moles=Mass/Mr=> 3.03/3.03=1 6.06/3.03=2
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PH2
empirical formula = .............................. [2]
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(ii) The compound has a relative molecular mass of 66.

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Deduce the molecular formula of the compound.

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Ar of hydrogen = 1;
Hence: 66 = x (Mr of PH2)
66 = x ( 31 +2(1)
x = 66/33=2
Hence Molecular formula = 2 x (PH2)= P2H4
P2H2
molecular formula = .............................. [1]

[Total: 19]

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 9

5 Nitrates such as ammonium nitrate are used as fertilisers.

The final stage in the production of ammonium nitrate is shown in the equation.

Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O 2NH4NO3 + CaCO3


Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate that can be produced from 820 
g of
calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, using the following steps.

The relative formula mass, Mr, of calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, = 164.

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●● Calculate the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 in 820 g.

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Moles= Mass/Mr
= 820/ 164 =5

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5
.............................. mol

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●● Deduce the number of moles of NH4NO3 produced.
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Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O 2NH4NO3 + CaCO3
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According to the above ideal equation:
For every 1 mole of Ca( NO3)2 , there exist 2 moles of NH4NO3
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Hence for 5 '' '' '' '' '' '' 2x5=10moles " "
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10
.............................. mol
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●● Calculate the Mr of NH4NO3.

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Mr of NH4NO3= 14 + 4(1) + 14 + 3(16)=80

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80
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Mr of NH4NO3 = ..............................
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●● Calculate the maximum mass of ammonium nitrate produced.

Mass= Moles X Mr
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= 10 X 80
= 800g

800
.............................. g
[4]

© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19 [Turn over

6 This question is about sulfuric acid and substances that can be made from sulfuric acid.

(a) Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.

What is meant by the term strong acid ?

A strong acid exists entirely as ions in the solution
strong ..........................................................................................................................................

Acid is a proton donor

acid .............................................................................................................................................
[2]

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(b) Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide are used to make aqueous sodium sulfate,
Na2SO4(aq), or aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate, NaHSO4(aq). The method includes use of

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the following apparatus.

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dilute sulfuric acid

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conical flask
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25.0 cm3 of aqueous

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sodium hydroxide
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2
 5.0  cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide of concentration 0.100 mol / dm3 was neutralised by
25.0 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid of concentration 0.0500 mol / dm3. The equation for the reaction
is shown. This is reaction 1.
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2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) reaction 1

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The same technique and the same solutions can be used to make aqueous
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sodium hydrogen sulfate. The equation for the reaction is shown. This is reaction 2.

NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) NaHSO4(aq) + H2O(l) reaction 2

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Complete the table to calculate the volume of dilute sulfuric acid that reacts with 25.0 cm3 of
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aqueous sodium hydroxide in reaction 2.

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volume of 0.0500 mol / dm3 volume of 0.100 mol / dm3

dilute sulfuric acid in cm3 aqueous sodium hydroxide in cm3

reaction 1 25.0 25.0

reaction 2 50.0 25.0

[1]

© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

 11

(c) 
Aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate, NaHSO4(aq), contains the ions Na+(aq), H+(aq)
and SO42–(aq).

Describe what you would see if the following experiments were done.

(i) A flame test was done on aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate.

Yellow flame
........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Solid copper(II) oxide was added to aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate and the mixture

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was warmed.

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The solid dissolves and a blue colour solution is obtained
..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

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(d) A test can be done to show the presence of SO42–(aq) by adding acidified aqueous barium chloride

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or acidified aqueous barium nitrate.

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(i) State the observation that would show that SO42– is present.

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White precipitate
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
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(ii) Write an ionic equation for the reaction that occurs if SO42– is present. Include state
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symbols.
2-
Ba (aq) + SO4 (aq) ---> BaSO4 (s)
2+
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........................................................................................................................................ [2]

Note: Halide ion test [Total: 9]

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Note: Flame test results:

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 12

7 Addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation are two types of polymerisation.

(a) Which functional group is present in all the monomers which are used to make addition

C=C
polymers?

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Part of an addition polymer is shown.

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CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

C C C C C C

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H H H H H H

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(i) How many monomer units are needed to make the part of the addition polymer shown?

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.3
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) Draw the structure of the monomer that is used to make this addition polymer. Show all of

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the atoms and all of the bonds.

Name the monomer.

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but-2-ene
name ....................................................................................................................................
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[2]

(iii) State the empirical formula of: Empirical formula is the same as it is the
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CH2 reduced formula

the monomer .......................................................................................................................
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CH2
the polymer. .........................................................................................................................
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[2]
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 13

(c) Complex carbohydrates are natural condensation polymers. They can be broken down into
colourless monomers which can then be separated and identified.

X is a complex carbohydrate.



Starting with a sample of X, describe how to produce, separate, detect and identify the
monomers which make it up.


Your answer should include:
●● the name of the process used to break down X into its monomers

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●● two types of substance that can be used to break down X
●● the name of the process used to separate the monomers
●● the method used to detect the monomers after they have been separated

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●● the method used to identify the monomers after they have been separated and detected.

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The complex carbohydrates are broken down by the hydrolysis reaction.Acid

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and enzymes are used in the process of breaking doen the carbohydrate.The
complex carbohydrates get broken down into colourless monomers. The

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monomers are separated through chromatography. As the monomers are

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colourless,a suitable locating agent is used to make them visible. The Rf values
of the monomers are calculated and compared against standard Rf values to
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identify the mom=nomers.
............................................................................................................................................... [6]
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(d) Synthetic polyamides are condensation polymers.

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(i) Name a synthetic polyamide.

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nylon
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
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(ii) Synthetic polyamides can be made by reacting carboxylic acids with amines.
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Name the other substance that is produced in this reaction.

water
........................................................................................................................................ [1]
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[Total: 14]
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 14

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2019 0620/43/O/N/19

 The Periodic Table of Elements
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Group

© UCLES 2019
I II
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1 2
w H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass
m 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn
te Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
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Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
16

85 88 89 91 93 96 –
m
101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0620/43/O/N/19
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
re
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
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– – – – – – – – – – – – –
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57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
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lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159
e
163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
s.
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
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The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.). m