Chapter 1

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Introduction

A cylinder head cover gasket is a complex high-tech component primarily

designed to keep the various media such as water and oi l to be apart in the engine, as
well as providing an external seal. The cylinder head cover gasket is an important engine
component to be able to cope with the increase demands of modern engine. The high
combustion pressure of supercharged diesel engines represent a particular challenge
for the cylinder head cover gasket. Engine designers and suppliers have spent a great
deal of time and effort developing products which can be relied upon to ensure safe
operation even under critical conditions. Modern cylinder head cover gasket system can
withstand high pressures, high temperature and aggressive media throughout the
lifetime of a car.

In addition to keeping the various media apart in the engine, such as gases
water and oil and providing an external seal, cylinder head cover gasket also act as a
force transmission element. For example the cylinder head cover gasket between the
engine and cylinder block have a considerable influence on force distribution within
the clamping system as a whole. Damage to the cylinder head cover gasket is normally
unnoticed until leakage occur. A head cover gasket is a part positioned between the
engine block and cylinder head cover gasket in a car engine. A head cover gasket has a
simple, but very important role-it is use to seal and compress the cylinder in order to
prevent engine or any other oil leakages. Thus, it has to be in perfect condition
because otherwise it can cause serious damage to the cylinder and engine functionality
overall. It is made out of hand steel to high strength that endures large compression
force.
Conceptual Framework
The study’s conceptual framework focused on the plain sheet as alternative
Cylinder head cover gasket of the engine vehicle.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Alternative cylinder
Plain sheet
head cover gasket

Null Hypotheses

1HO. A plain sheet cannot be used as cylinder head cover gasket.

2HO. The alternative cylinder head cover gasket is not cheaper compared to the
commercial cylinder head cover gasket.

Statement of the problem

This study shall endeavor to design a modified cylinder head gasket
1. What is the level of quality of the modified cylinder head cover gasket as
quality by engine technician
Significant of the Study
The findings of this study will be beneficial to the following

Vehicle Owner
The outcome of this experiment will give an idea to the vehicle owner that
plain sheet can be an alternative cylinder head cover gasket in case they cannot
purchase an original cylinder head cover gasket.
 Other Research
If will serve as basis and contribution to the future researchers who might
want to carry out the same research that is related to other areas.

Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study focuses on the plain sheet (#2) that will ser as
cylinder
head cover gasket for Yamada 200cc engine that is used in pump boats for
fishing.
Definition of terms
To facilitate further understanding of this study, the following terms are
operation and conceptually defined.

Plain sheet -it is used as alternative cylinder head cover gasket. The independent
variable of this study. A metal that formed by an industrial process into thin flat
pieces and galvanized steel sheets covered by this standard are intended to be
used for purposes such as paneling, roofing, lock forming and steel is an alloy
of iron and carbon, and sometimes elements because of its high tensile.

Cylinder head gasket -the material used to test in the study. Its purpose is to seal
the cylinders to ensure maximum compress and avoid leakage of coolant or engine
oil into the cylinder.

Engine – it is where the alternative cylinder head cover gasket will be used. It is
the
vehicle’s main source of power that uses fuel and burns it to produce
mechanical
power.
 Theoretical Framework
Cylinder head cover gasket was discovered by Peter Burgess and David Gollan
on July 2003 and published the Mega Comm. Industry Co, Ltd. Cylinder head cover
gasket in 2005 the cylinder head cover gasket it is a mechanical seal which fills the
space between two or more mating surfaces, generally to prevent leakage from or
into the joined objects while under compression. Gasket allow for less-than-perfect
mating surfaces on machine parts where they can fill irregularities. Allow some
degree’s deformation. Therefore, it is able to deform and fill the space (which
including some slight irregularities) during the equipment. A few gasket require an
application of sealant applying directly to the gasket surface to function properly. A
head gasket is a part positioned between the engine block and cylinder head cap
gasket in a car engine. A head cover gasket has a simple, but very important role it is
used to seal and compress the cylinder in order to prevent engine or any other oil
leakages. Thus, it has to be in perfect condition because otherwise it can cause
damage to the cylinder and engine functionality overall. It is made out of hand
steel to achieve high strength that endures large compression force. Consequently
a blown head gasket can happen after many years of use.

According to Isaac Newton’s Law of Motion, the third law states that when
two bodies interact, the apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction. The third law is also known as the law of action and reaction.
This law is important in analyzing problems of static equilibrium, where all forces are
balanced, but it also applies to bodies in uniform or accelerated motion. The forces it
describes are real ones, not more book keeping devices.
 Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITTERATURE

Head gasket According to Douglas Vauxhall Corsa (2004), head gasket is a gasket that sits
between the engine back and cylinder head cover gasket in an internal combustion engine. Its
purpose is to seal the cylinders to ensure maximum compression and avoid leakage of coolant
or engine oil into the cylinders; as such, it is the most critical sealing application in any engine
and, as part of the combustion chamber, it shares the same strength requirements as other
combustion chamber component. The importance of a head gasket is demonstrated by the
fact that it contains the compression ratio within the combustion chamber of your car. In
addition, the gasket performs the task of separating the passage of oil and water that pass
through the block and cylinder head cover of the engine. Generally, head cover gasket blowing
is caused by overheating. This may occur if the engine coolant reaches a temperature whereby
pressure is built to the same degree as the metal of the engine expands. In the majority of
cases the water mixes with oil, causing other severe damage to the engine. Gary W. Vauxhall
Zafira (2008)a head gasket is the gasket that sits between the cylinder head and the blook . Its
job is to seal the two mating surfaces of the top and bottom valves of the engine. This means
unlike any other gasket that in an engine, the head gasket has to seal oil, coolant, and
compression from the cylinders simultaneously. This makes it the most stressed gasket in an
engine, and therefore one of the most likely to fail. A head gasket needs to seal the oil ways
between the cylinder head and block, so that oil can freely circulate around the entire engine. It
also needs to do the same with the waterways so that coolant can also circulate freely around
the engine. But what makes a head gasket different from any other gasket is that is also needs
to seal the cylinder to prevent the engine losing compression. Inside an engine you have a
piston going up and down within a cylinder. On top of the cylinder you have the cylinder
head,
which allows the fuel/air mixture to enter, and the exhaust gases to leave via inlet and
exhaust valves. Without a good seal between the cylinder head and the cylinder, when the
piston rises on the compression stroke some of the air/fuel mixture will be able to escape
of compression. In order to form a good seal around the top of the cylinder, the head gasket
features steel rings, known as fire rings. These are actually crushed when the cylinder head is
tightened onto the engine block to provide a seal capable of dealing with the high temperatures
and pressure involved. This is why you must always tighten to the head bolts to the required
torque setting; too tight and the gasket will be crushed too much to form proper seal, too loose
and it won’t seal enough.
Cylinder head cover gasket is an alloy that is made up of two or more chemical elements,
of which at least one is a metal. An alloy has properties different from the metals it is made of.
Alloy metallic substance composed of two or more elements, as either a compound or a
solution. The components of alloys are ordinarily themselves.
Metals, though carbon, a nonmetal is an essential constituent of steel. Alloys are usually
produced by melting the mixture of ingredients. Made from semi-plastic materials that will
deform and flow under load to fill the surface irregularities between the flange faces. Corrosion
is the leading cause of damage related issues in the oil and gas especially gasket surface area of
a flanges but it reduce or eliminate rust if does not expose to water.

Plain sheet is a stainless steel that is made up of steel mixed up of steel mixed with
elements such as chromium, nickel molybdenum, silicon, aluminum, and carbon. Iron mixed
with carbon to produce steel is the main component of stainless steel. Chromium is added to
make it resistant to rust steel. It is formed by industrial process into thin, flat pieces. It is one
of fundamental forms used in metalworking and it can be cut and bend into a variety of shape.
Plain sheet is more resistant to rust.
 Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the link of research design used for the study as well as the
procedures of the experiment. The procedures used were based on the study conducted by the
research regarding the plain sheet that serves as cylinder head cover gasket.

Materials:
Plain sheet cylinder head cover
STEP 1. Gather materials for the experiment.

STEP 2. Trace and cut the plain sheet in order to form a cylinder head cover gasket.

STEP 3. Put the plain sheet into cylinder head cover gasket

STEP 4. Place the plain sheet between the cylinder head in order to seal and test if it is effective
and observe the result.
RESEARCH DESIGN

The research used experimental research in comparative method that basically involves
describing fully the characteristics or features each of the cases being studied. It is considered
the
most conclusive research method because it establishes different treatment and then studies
their effect. Result of this type is likely to head most clear out interpretation.

RESEARCH SUBJECT

The research used the plain sheet on the cylinder head for 2 months . And observed what
Happened to the alternative cylinder head cover gasket to testify the effectiveness of the study.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The research used a recording sheet as a main tool in gathering to provide the
necessary
Information . The research recorded the observed result of using the plain sheet to kwon its
efficiency compared to the original cylinder head cover gasket.

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

The study was made conduct at Barangay Bibilik , Dumalinao, Zamboanga Del Sur
where all
the materials needed for the experiment were gathered.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

 The research made the alternative cylinder head cover gasket with all the materials
shown above and conducted the experiment at Pradel residence. The research record what
happed to the alternative cylinder head cover gasket.

CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The chapter present the analysis and interpretation of the findings in relation of the
statement of the problem and the results of the gathered data.
 A. Results of the data gathered of the plain sheet plain serve as alternative cylinder head
gasket.
TABLE 1.
Unused Description

Alternative Cylinder Head cover gasket

The surface of the unused plain sheet is well

straightened and still shimmy.

Commercial Cylinder Head Cover Gasket

The original cylinder head cover gasket is also

shiny and the surface is also straightened.

TABLE 2. After 1 month of usage