COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Soil erosion is regarded as a global issue that impacts agriculture and the

surrounding ecosystem. Rainfall intensity and runoff, soil erodibility, slope gradient, length, and

vegetation all have a significant impact on the rate and amplitude of soil erosion. Roadways and

drainage channels can be damaged by the deposition of degraded bulk materials. Soil erosion can

be averted by providing a protective cover to the soil to establish a barrier against the erosive agent,

as well as changing the physical qualities of the soil using chemical grouting and mechanical

techniques.

Geotextiles are permeable fabrics that are used in conjunction with soil or earth to improve

the engineering performance of soil structures through separation, filtration, drainage,

strengthening, and protection. Geotextiles have been used in road construction and soil erosion

management since the first millennium BC, when roadways were strengthened with geotextiles

constructed of natural fibers.

Geotextiles operate as a protective layer and aid in soil stabilization by reducing the

influence of soil erosion produced by erosive factors such as water and wind. Geotextiles can be

synthetic or natural in nature. Geosynthetics are generally composed of polymeric compounds

derived from hydrocarbons and petrochemicals, such as polyamide and polyethylene. The

production of these materials leads to greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide emissions,

which are now a global concern. Because of their vast range of applications in treating geotechnical

problems, geosynthetics are becoming more marketed and widely used. Geotextiles made of

natural fibers, on the other hand, are inexpensive, environmentally beneficial, and biodegradable.

The natural fibers will break down and eventually turn into organic compost that will mingle with

the soil, providing nutrients for Musa development and encouraging soil microbial activity.
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Jute geotextiles, for example, were excellent in enhancing soil properties and have been

widely employed in a variety of technical applications. Natural geotextiles are increasingly being

used in geotechnical applications as a result of increased research efforts. Yet, the use of natural

fiber geotextiles remains modest, accounting for less than 10% of current global consumption.

Many experts have conducted numerous studies on bio-grout in recent years for soil improvement

and concrete restoration. Bio-grouting is a new geotechnical engineering approach that is based on

microbial carbonate precipitation (MCP) and can affect the mechanical characteristics of soil.

MCP is a bio-mechanism process that includes microbial activity as well as biochemical routes

such as denitrification, ureolysis, and ammonification.

Mineral precipitation was produced as a byproduct, which aids in the binding of soil

particles together during the bio-clogging or bio-cementation process. This improves the texture

by filling cavities within the soil matrix, which eventually increases the soil's strength and stiffness.

Several studies have found that the MCP approach works well for enhancing shear strength and

decreasing permeability in sandy soil.

Another novel study conducted by our research team found that bio-grout made from

vegetable waste can improve the engineering qualities of liquefied soil by enhancing soil shear

strength and decreasing soil permeability via microbial activity in the bio-grout fluid. In addition,

using slope models, the bio-grout was shown to be an excellent grouting material for soil erosion

management.

Considering the foregoing, combined applications of a natural geotextile made of Musa

Textilis and bio-grout made from vegetable waste may provide more sustainable and cost-effective

soil reinforcing and slope stabilization options than chemical and mechanical approaches. This

novel design has the potential to encourage the reuse and recycling of agricultural waste, which

will help the economy. The primary goal of this study was to observe and evaluate the efficiency

of the combined methods of bio-grout injections and geotextile from Musa textilis on slope surface

soil erosion.
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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Materials: Gathering of Data: “GEOTEXTILE FROM
MUSA TEXTILIS AND
1. Musa Textilis 1. Internet Journals BIO-GROUT FOR
2. Geotextiles 2. Books EROSION
3. Bio-grout 3. Online MANAGEMENT AND
Researchers SLOPE
Knowledge: STABILIZATION”
1. Proper usage of
geotextile from
Musa Textilis

2. Properties of
geotextiles from
Musa Textilis

3. Application of
geotextile and bio-
grout from
agricultural waste

This study focused on the use of both geotextile and bio-grout from agricultural waste as

a new method of reducing soil erosion. This study found that combining natural geotextile from

Musa Textilis with bio-grout from vegetable waste provides an alternate way for slope stability

to conventional geotechnical procedures.

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Research Paradigm

UNDERSTANDING
THE PROBLEM
AND PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY

GATHERING OF
DATA

ORGANIZING AND
ANALYSIS

REDUCED
CONSTRUCTION COST
TO DEVELOP
SUSTAINABLE
MATERIALS FOR
BUILDING AND
CONSTRUCTION

Figure 1: Methodology of Flow Chart

The researchers should be aware of the study's shortcomings, as depicted in the figure.

Researchers collect all information relevant to their investigation during data collection. The

researchers organize the data to create an effective approach for obtaining understandable data.

The researchers must put their cost-cutting suggestions into action in geotextile from Musa Textilis

and big-grout for stabilization and erosion control.

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to control erosion and evaluate the efficiency of natural fibers from Musa

textilis as geotextile materials in combination with bio-grout from vegetable waste. Also, this study

seeks to answer the following questions.

1. Identifying the property of the materials to be used.

2. Determine which among the geotextile materials has the highest compressive strength.

3. Is the geotextile from Musa Textilis have a positive and negative impact?

4. Which combine the application of natural geotextile and bio-grout above is effective?

Statement of the Null Hypothesis

H0: The combined application of natural geotextile and bio-grout is not effective in

measuring slope protection against soil erosion.

H0: The Musa Textilis to be used is not safe for slope stabilization and soil erosion.

H1: The Musa Textilis materials to be used are safe in slope stabilization and soil erosion.

Basic Assumptions

1. The researcher assumes that there are ways to sustainable and economical solutions for soil

reinforcement and slope stabilization.

2. The researcher assumes that it can promote the reusing and recycling of agricultural waste

that can benefit the economy.

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3. The researcher assumes that Musa Textilis bio-grout can also improve the engineering

qualities of liquefied soil by enhancing soil shear strength and decreasing soil permeability.

4. The researcher assumes that natural fibers from Musa textilis are effective as geotextile

materials.

Significance of the Study

This study is significant to the following:

• Community. It will benefit them by the improvement and development of

geotechnical applications.

• Researchers. They will gain experiences and knowledge about the significance of

geotechnical application.

• Future researchers. This study will serve as one of their guide and basis for further

analysis and studies.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study aims to use Musa Textilis as geotextile and vegetable waste as bio-grout for

erosion management and slope stabilization. The researchers will examine the substances of

Musa Textilis and vegetable waste that can support the study. The researchers will focus only on

geotextile application.
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Definition of Terms

Bio-grout is use on soil improvement and concrete repair.

Erosion Control is the practice of preventing or reducing the movement of sediment

from a site during construction through the implementation of man-made structures, land

management techniques, or natural processes.

Musa Textilis an indigenous variety of banana to the Philippines, or simply "Abaca," is

mostly grown for its fiber.

Musa is the scientific name for Banana tree.