CHAPTER

 1:    
HISTORICAL  DEVELOPMENT  OF  PUBLIC  
TRANSPORTATION  SYSTEMS  
Role  of  Public  TransportaEon  
System  
TransportaEon  in  Malaysia  

Ø  Based   on   the   Nielsen’s   Global  

Survey   of   Automo:ve   Demand   in  
2014,   Malaysia   is   ranked   third  
(93%)   globally   as   the   highest  
private   car   ownership   and  
alarmingly,   54%   of   Malaysian  
households   have   more   than   one  
car  

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 TIMELINE  REVOLUTION  OF  TRANSPORTATION  

1963  –  Two  states  in   1969  –  2000     1998  -­‐  KL  Interna:onal  Airport  
1957  –   7  Federal  Port  -­‐  Port  Klang,  
east  joined   (KLIA),  the  interna:onal  
Independence   Johor,  Tanjung  Pelepas,   gateway  to  Malaysia  
Transport  policy   1965  -­‐  Singapore  
Kuantan,  Penang,  Bintulu   -­‐  38  airports  for  commercial  
influenced  by  the  UK     became  separate  
and  Kemaman  Port     airlines  (6  interna:onal  
  airports)  
1980’s  
1970’s  

1990’s  

2000’s  

2010’s  
1960’s  
1957  

•  High-­‐speed  railway  link  Kuala  

Lumpur  and  Singapore.  Start  
2019   the  service  in  2020  
•  Pan-­‐Borneo  Highway  
(1663km)  completed  in  2023  
•  Na:onal  Land  Public  
Transport  Master  Plan  (2013)  
2000’s  -­‐   2010’s  –  Further  
1990’s  -­‐  Urban   extension  highway  
and  Greater  Kuala  Lumpur  /  
passengers  started   Electrifica:on  and   Klang  Valley  Land  Public  
addi:on  of  double-­‐ (PLUS)  on  the  main  
using  the  na:onal   line  along  the  west   Transport  Master  Plan  (2015)  
network,  called  KTM   track  have  been  going   was  published.  
on  in  the  capital  region   coast.  8th  largest  in  the  
Komuter.     Approximately  15  years  to  
around  Kuala  Lumpur   world  
2030  

Source:  Mustafa.M  et.al  (2019)  

 Land  Use  Development  

Ø  Distribu:on   of   land   use   and   land  

cover   change   in   Kuala   Lumpur  
experienced  a  rapid  change  between  
the  year  1990,  2000  and  2015.    
Ø  The   built   up   areas   cover   more   than  
50%  of  total  area  for  the  year  2015  as  
it   increased   tremendously   with  
54.53%  increased  within  25  years.    

Source:  Mustafa.M  et.al  (2019)  

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Land  Use  Development  

Urban  sprawl  forma:on  in  

Kuala  Lumpur  from  the  
year  1850s  un:l  now.  

Source:  PlanMalaysia  

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 History  of  Land  Public  Transport  

Source:  The  Star   7  

 The  Role  of  Public  TransportaEon  in  
Malaysia  
01   Enables  all  people  to  travel  
Make  residenEal  areas   without  owning  a  
accessible  and  facilitate   Private  vehicle,  at  stable  
02   price  and  Emetable  
new  enterprises  and  
working  areas  
03   Reduces  congesEon  

Reduces  need  of  

parking  places   04  

Reduces  accidents  
05   personal  injuries  

Reduces  need  of  

infrastructure   06  
Reduces  negaEve  
impact  on  
environment  
07  
Policy  and  RegulaEon  on  Public  
TransportaEon  Systems  
 NaEonal  Land  Transport  M/Plan  
§  In   2013,   for   the   first   :me,   Na:onal   Land   Public  
Transport  Master  Plan  was  published.    
§  Land   Public   Transport   Commission   (SPAD)   now  
APAD,  was  in  charge  of  this  master  plan    
§  Transport   corridors   are   subcategorized   into  
primary,   secondary   and   feeder   corridors   based   on  
the  travel  demand  by  public  transport.    
§  Primary   corridors   which   are   iden:fied   as   those   with  
the   highest   demand   over   25,000   Passengers   per  
hour   per   direc:on   (PPHPD)   while   secondary  
corridors   will   have   demands   in   the   range   5,000   to  
25,000  PPHPD.    

*PPHPD-­‐Passengers  per  hour  per  direcEon  or  passengers  per  hour  

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 Non  Motorized  Transport  M/Plan  
§  Kuala  Lumpur  City  Hall  (DBKL)  is  preparing  the  Kuala  
Lumpur   Pedestrian   and   Bicycle   Master   Plan  
2019-­‐2028   to   encourage   city   dwellers   to   walk   or  
ride  a  bicycle    
§  Currently,   Kuala   Lumpur   has   5.5   km   dedicated  
bicycle  lane    

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 Malaysian  TransportaEon  Policy  
§  In   general,   5-­‐year   development   plan   emphasizes   the   road   transport   very   much,  
railway  is  put  aside.  
§  Land  public  transport  master  plan  covers  only  land  based  modes,  does  not  deal  with  
long-­‐distance   modes   connec:ng   different   parts   of   the   country   (e.g.   between  
peninsular  and  east  Malaysia).  
§  Regional  public  transport  masterplan  is  made  on  the  na:onal  level,  so  far  there  is  only  
one  for  the  capital  region  (greater  KL,  Klang  valley).  
§  Regional   public   transport   masterplan   has   a   strong   focus   on  vehicular  modes,  access  
and  egress  on  foot  is  somewhat  considered  but  not  strongly  dealt  with,  access/egress  
by  bicycle  is  prac:cally  not  dealt  with.  
§  In  the  past  ins:tu:ons  not  in  the  same  ministry,  now  all  under  MOT  (since  May  2018);  
construc:on  and  maintenance  of  roads  is  s:ll  managed  by  Ministry  of  Public  Works    
§  No   integrated   urban/regional   master   plan   covering   all   modes   of   transporta:on   and  
no  integrated  na:onal  level  masterplan  covering  all  modes  
§  October  2019  –  Na:onal  Transport  Masterplan  

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NaEonal  Transport  Policy  
The  NTP  was  developed  with  the  following  
objec:ves:  
1.  Create  a  conducive  ecosystem  for  the  transport  
i  n  d  u  s  t  r  y  t  o  e  n  h  a  n  c  e  p  r  o  d  u  c  t  i  v  i  t  y  a  n  d  
compe::veness  
2.  Facilitate  seamless  movement  of  goods  to  boost  
trading  ac:vi:es  and  ease  of  doing  business  
3.  Provide  mobility  that  meets  the  expecta:ons  of  
people  and  promotes  inclusivity  
4.  Increase  modal  share  for  public  transport  
5.  Deliver  an  intelligent,  safe  and  secure  transport  
system  
6.  Ensure  efficient  and  sustainable  use  of  resources  
and  minimise  environmental  pollu:on  
 
Downloaded  from  hkps://www.pmo.gov.my/
category/government-­‐policies/  

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 NaEonal  Transport  Policy  

Bernama  Infographic  
Source:  NaEonal  Transport  Policy  2019-­‐2030   14  
 NaEonal  Transport  Policy  

Trust  4,  Strategy  4.2:  

PrioriEse  Public  Transport  Network  As  Fundamental  
Structure  in  CharEng  Out  Sustainable  SpaEal  And  
TransportaEon  Growth  In  Urbanized  Areas  

Objec:ves:  
 
•  Integrate  land  use  planning  and  public  transport  planning  
•  Ensure  integra:on  of  developments  with  the  public  transport  system  to  reduce  
travel  demand  via  private  
vehicles    

Source:  NaEonal  Transport  Policy  2019-­‐2030   15  

 NaEonal  Transport  Policy  
PrioriEse  Public  Transport  Network  As  Fundamental  Structure  in  CharEng  Out  
Sustainable  SpaEal  And  TransportaEon  Growth  In  Urbanized  Areas  

AcEon    
•  Align  the  long-­‐term  planning  of  urban  centres  and  public  transport  network  
across  the  Na:onal  Transport  Policy,  Na:onal  Urbanisa:on  Policy  and  the  
Na:onal  Housing  Policy  
•  Con:nuously  ensure  that  development  guidelines  integrates  land  use  and  
public  transporta:on  
•  Impose  requirement  for  TOD  in  urban  areas  and  around  public  transporta:on  
nodes  
•  Encourage  self-­‐contained  or  complete  Work-­‐Play-­‐Shop-­‐Stay  development  
concepts  to  minimise  travel  Needs  
•  Greening  the  transporta:on  infrastructure  to  restore  damaged  urban  
environment  in  urban  renewal  infrastructure  effort  for  sustainable  city  

Source:  NaEonal  Transport  Policy  2019-­‐2030   16  

NaEonal  Transport  Policy  

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