INTRODUCTION TO

ANTIBIOTICS.
BY
RT. REV. PROF. C.S.S.BELLO.
MD, PhD, FMCPath, FWACP, FRCPath.
 ANTIBIOTICS
DEFINITION:
A chemical produced by microorganism and effective against another organism
other than the producer. It is a natural protective agent. Since the chemistry of
most antibiotics is now known, they can be manufactured in the laboratory.
ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS include antibiotics and non-antibiotics.
 ANTIBIOTICS CONTD.
• CLASSIFICATION.
• 1. AMINOGLYCOSIDES. (Bactericidal; Inhibit protein synthesis by
acting on 30s ribosomes).
• Amikacin.
• Gentamycin.
• Kanamycin.
• Neomycin
• Streptomycin
• Tobramycin.
 ANTIBIOTICS CONTD
• 2. BETALACTAMS. (Bactericidal; Inhibit cell wall synthesis).
• Penicillins.
• Cephalosporins.
 ANTIBIOTICS CONTD
• 3. MACROLIDES. (Bacteriostatic; Act on protein synthesis; Act
on 30s ribosomes).
• Erythromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Azithromycin.
 ANTIBIOTICS CONTD
• 4. QUINOLONES.& FLUROQUINOLONES. (Bactericidal; Inhibit
DNA synthesis).
• Ciprofloxacin.
• Levofloxacin.
• Norfloxacin.
• Ofloxacin.
• Trovafloxacin.
 ANTIBIOTICS CONTD
• 5. TETRACYCLINE. (Bacteriostatic; Inhibits protein synthesis;
Acts on 50s ribosome)
• Doxycycline
• Minocycline
• Oxycycline.