Principles Of

Antimicrobials

Prepared by ;
ALA BANIYOUNIS
HANA BANI HAMAD
SUBMITTED TO DR.AHMAD AL TURIFI
 Outlines
1- Definition of antimicrobial agents and antibiotics.
2- Definition of selective toxicity and differences between bacterial and human cells.
3- Classification of antimicrobial agents.
4- Antimicrobial agents selection.
5- Classification of antibiotics according to their
6- side effect and interactions.
7-Quiz
Antibiotic

• An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against

bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting
bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the
treatment and prevention of such infections. They may either kill or
inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Selective Toxicity

• An important quality for an antimicrobial drug is selective toxicity,

meaning that it selectively kills or inhibits the growth of microbial

targets while causing minimal or no harm to the host.

From where did this selectivity

come????
Classification of antibiotics

• Classification depend on ;
• BASIS OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
• BASIS OF MODE OF ACTION
• BASIS OF ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
• BASIS OF SPECTRUM OF ACTIVITY
• Using narrow spectrum effective drug, clinically is much better than using
a broad spectrum.
So, if you know the causative microorganism & you know their
susceptibility to the drugs, it’s better to choose the narrowest drug.

• Because wider spectrum means that the drug will affect other
microorganism;
ex. Normal flora in respiratory tract, urinary tract and so on and we will get
condition called
super infection which is one of complications of using broad spectrum.
Classification Of Antimicrobial Agent By Their Site Of
Action
 Inhibitors Of
Cell Wall Synthesis
 Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

• Prevent the final step in the synthesis of the

bacterial cell wall.
• Range from very narrow spectrum to very
broad spectrum.
• The β-lactams are BACTERICIDAL.
 Penicillin
Penicillin was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 and it was
the first antibiotic to be used clinically in1941. It was originally
obtained from the fungus Penicillium notatum
Classification Of Penicillin
Ex. Methicillin, Flucloxacillin, Cloxacillin

They are restricted to the treatment of infections

.caused by penicillinase producing staphylococci