Factors to be considered while selecting the Topic:

 Brain storming: Researcher should, first of all, select few possible topics and have deep thinking
over such topics. If researcher selects the topic in hunches without deep thinking, it will be hard
to him/her to complete the research work. Thus, he/she should think deeply and whatever the
topic or issue, he/she thinks better he/she should select as research topic.
 Deep interest: Research is an irritating job. Thus, a researcher can complete research work in the
topic or area where he/she has keen interest. Thus, researcher should select the topic or area
where he/she has keen interest. Deep interest makes research work more interesting and helps
to complete the research work in time.
 Knowledge of general background: Researcher should take preliminary information about the
research area and issues. He has to find out whether the issue is researchable or not. General
background helps to determine the method of doing the research.
 Worth: The issue whatever is selected as research topic must be valuable to the society or
business sector. It must be able to solve the burning issues of the society or business sector.
Research on valueless topic is meaningless.
 Manageable: The scope of the research topic should be manageable. If the scope of the
research topic is vague then such research cannot be completed. Thus, the scope of the topic
should not be vague and narrow both. As well, topic must be manageable from the prospective
of availability of time, resource and data.
 Flexible: The variables chosen for research should be changeable. Sometimes, it is necessary to
change the research variable due to pace of time or need of the organization or availability of
resources.
 Make a list of keywords: After formulating research hypotheses researcher should make a list of
main words, concepts variables. Such key words help to collect further information define the
research topic.

Research Proposal

The research proposal is a road map showing clearly the location from which a journey of research
begin, the destination to be reached the methods of getting the destination. It provides the idea about
the works to be done, how to do the work, when to do and why to do the research and guesses the
result of research in advance. It is a form research design which is the blueprint for conducting and
controlling research work. It is also known as researcher's plan or research project.

Purposes or functions of Research Proposal

 To provide information: Researcher prepares proposal that provide information to the research
committee which evaluates and approves the research proposal. As well, researcher prepares
research proposal to provide necessary information to the funding agencies or sponsoring
organizations.
 To prepare plan: Proposal is a plan of research that explains the purpose/objective, area,
process and estimated results of the research. It also makes easier to the work of research to be
conducted in future.
 To justify rational: Proposal is prepared to prove that the research is essential in the subject
selected by the researcher as topic. Such work increases the value of research.
  To form base for contract: Researcher should make contract with supervisor or university or
college and funding agencies before conducting research. Research proposal is a base for such
contract. It provides macro information about research to them and forms base to make
contract.
 To remind: Proposal reminds to the researcher about research objective, proposed methodology
and research area. Thus, it helps to the researcher to do the work being within the limit of
research scope.
 To inform research methodology: Researcher should use same methodology while conducting
research included in the research proposal. So, research proposal reminds to the researcher
about the methodology so that researcher do not violate the approved methodology.

Types of Research

 Solicited proposal: It is a proposal that is prepared on the request of individual and

organizations. In other words, a proposal that is prepared on the request of sponsoring
organization is known solicited proposal. Generally, it concentrates on identification of problem
and objectives. It proposes the methodology to solve the problem. Solicited proposal describes
the problem in brief and overviews/reviews the objective of the research. Solicited proposal
includes the research design, qualification of researchers, time schedules, budget, essential
resources, etc.
 Unsolicited proposal: A proposal that is prepared by the researcher in his/her own interest and
not on the request of sponsoring organization is known as unsolicited proposal Researcher
prepares the proposal and presents to the concerned organization. For example, proposals
which are prepared by research Centre are unsolicited proposal. It particularly focuses on
statement of the problems and research objectives. An "unsolicited proposal" is a written
application or proposal for a new of innovative idea that is submitted to an agency on the
initiative of the Offeror for the purpose of obtaining a funding from the agency.
 Academic proposal: A proposal that is prepared to complete any academic degree is known as
academic proposal. Such proposal is prepared by the student to get degree of master, M.Phil.
and Ph.D. The proposal may vary as per the need of universities even though such proposal
contains title of the research, background, statement of the problem, hypotheses, research
methodology, limitations of the study and references.

Essentials of Good Research Reports.

 Precision: The report writer should be clear about the purpose of writing report. All the
investigation, analysis, recommendations and other activities are directed by this purpose.
Precision provides the unity to the report and makes it a valuable document for best usage.
 Accuracy of facts: Information obtained in a report must be based on accurate facts. Since,
decisions are taken on the basis of information, any inaccurate information will lead to wrong
decision. It will hamper to the attainment of organizational goal. 3. Relevancy: The facts
presented in a report should not only be accurate but also be relevant. Irrelevant facts make a
report confusing and likely to be misleading while taking decision.
 Reader-oriented: While drafting a report, it is necessary to keep in mind about the person who is
going to read it. That's why, a good report is always reader oriented. Readers' knowledge should
 not be influenced by the writer's emotion or goal. The message of a good report should be self-
explanatory.
 Simple language: A good report is written in a simple language avoiding vague and unclear
words. The language of report should not be influenced by the writer's emotion or goal. It
should express the things exactly as analysis found.
 Conciseness: A good report should be concise (short) but it does not mean that a report can
never be long. Rather, it means that a good report is one that transmits maximum information
with minimum words. It avoids unnecessary details and include everything which are significant
and necessary to forecast proper information.
 Grammatical accuracy: A good report is free from errors. Any faulty construction of a sentence
may make its meaning different to the reader's mind. And sometimes it may become confusing
or ambiguous.
 Unbiased recommendation: Recommendation on report usually makes effect on the readers'
mind. So, if recommendations are made at the end of a report, they must be impartial and
objective. They should develop as the outcome of logical conclusion from investigation and
analysis.
 Clarity: Clarity depends on proper arrangement of facts. A good report is absolutely clear, define
the sources, state findings and finally make necessary recommendations. To make an effective
communication through report, a report must be clear to the readers.