Welding

Manual arc welding

VB-Ph 1
 • Why coating done on electrodes?

• Coatings a mixture of silicates, oxides, fluorides, powdered metal alloys and a liquid binder

 Provides gas shielding of arc, arc stability

 Protects molten weld metal from surrounding O2

• Rutile electrodes have titania coatings – gives good weld finish

• Low hydrogen electrodes have high lime content – for HT steels with superior mechanical
properties

TIG welding

• Tungsten electrode non-consumable, water cooled

• Inert gas shield provided, filler metal may be added

• Ignition of arc is through a HF discharge

• Inert gas – Argon

• Plate thickness – 6 mm

• Used in Aluminium, steel welding

VB-Ph 1
MIG welding

• Consumable electrode supplied by wire feed

• DC supply, electrode positive

• Used for welding steel, Aluminium

• CO2 gas shield

VB-Ph 1
Plasma welding

• A plasma is a gas that is heated to an extremely high temperature and ionized

• It becomes electrically conductive.

• The plasma arc welding process uses this plasma to transfer an electric arc to a workpiece.

• The metal to be welded is melted by the intense heat of the arc and fuses together

Thermit welding

VB-Ph 1
 • Used for welding together large steel sections (parts of stern frame)

• Basically a fusion process, heat evolved from a mixture of powdered Aluminium and iron
oxide

• The ends of part to be welded built into a sand mould

• Mixture poured into a crucible, ignited by barium peroxide powder

• O2 leaves iron oxide, a superheated Thermit steel runs into mould, fuses and joins the ends
of parts

• On cooling a continuous joint formed, mould removed

Gas welding

• O2 and C2H2

• Flame temp 3000 deg C

• Vary oxygen to Acetylene ratio to change nature of flame

 By volume,

• O2 > C2H2 – oxidizing flame – copper welding

• O2 = C2H2 – neutral flame – steel welding

• O2 < C2H2 – carburizing flame – high carbon steel welding, hard facing

VB-Ph 1
 • Acetylene cylr – red color

• Oxygen cylr – black

• Suitable up to 6 mm thickness plates

• Weld speed 3-4 m / hour

• Used in fabricating ventilation Trunking, cable tray

VB-Ph 1
VB-Ph 1