Chemical Reactions

What is a ● A process that changes _________________ of chemicals into ____________________

chemical of chemicals.
reaction?
● All must have ________________ and ___________________.
2H + O = H2O
The hydrogen and (+) oxygen are the reactants and (=) water is the product

Chemical ● One key note in chemical reactions – the chemicals in the product must _____________
Reactions the number of chemicals in the reactants.
Examples:
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
CH4 + O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Energy in ● During a chemical reaction energy is either _________________ or ________________.

Reactions
● Energy-Absorbing Reactions (________________________)
⮚ Usually _________________________________ – needs an enzyme or catalyst
⮚ Example: Water into Hydrogen gas and Oxygen Gas
● Energy-Releasing Reaction (________________________)
⮚ Very _________________________
⮚ Energy released is usual __________ but can be ___________ or ____________
in certain gases are involved.
● Endothermic reactions ____________________________________________________.
● Exothermic reactions _____________________________________________________.

Energy in
Reactions
Activation ● This is the energy needed to
Energy ______________ a chemical
reaction.
● If the reaction energy is lowered it
is called a ___________________.
(If it is a biological catalyst it is
called an ___________________)

Enzymes ● Enzyme - a catalyst that is a _________________ used in chemical reactions.

⮚ THEY __________________ ACTIVATION ENERGY
● How can this be seen from the example from above?
⮚ A catalyst __________ the activation energy of a reaction.
● Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions by lowering the
activation energy (the energy required to start the reaction).

Enzymes ● Enzymes are very ____________________ – usually only catalyzing ________________

chemical reaction.
● For this reason an ____________________ is named for the reaction it catalyzes
⮚ Example: Lactase enzyme breaks down the milk sugar Lactose

Enzyme ● For a reaction to take place _________________________________________________

Action
____________________________ so that existing bonds will be broken and new bonds
will be formed.
● If there is not enough ________________, they will _____________________________
___________________.

Enzyme- ● Enzymes provide a site where ______________________________________________

Substrate
Complex _____________________________.
● The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are known as ____________________.
● The ____________ and the substrates have ____________________________ shapes.
● It is such a precise fit that the substrates are compared to
_____________________________.

Enzyme-
Substrate
Complex

Factors Factors that Affect Enzyme Reaction Rate

(a)Effect of ___________________________________________________.
(b) Effect of ___________________________________________________.
(c) Effect of ___________________________________________________.
(d) Effect of ___________________________________________________.