Biochemistry Notes

Chemistry – study of what ______________________ are made of and how they _____________and
______________.

 Each different kind of atom is a different _______________.

Examples of elements: C – Carbon H – ________________
O – _____________ N – ________________
 _______________________ elements combine to make a ______________________.
Examples of compounds – H2O, CO2, HCl, NaCl
 Compounds are classified into 2 groups:
1. ___________ Compounds – come from ________________ substances
(In = not Organic = living)

Ex: H2O is the _______________________ because of its bent molecular shape and polarity.
Water ____________________ other polar compounds by pulling them apart like a
magnet separates metals.
Positive and
negative
ends like the
poles of a
magnet.

*________ of your body is water

2. _________________ Compounds – come from ________________substances

Biochemistry – study of the ____________________of ___________________ organisms

 All organic compounds will have the element _______________ in them

Exception: CO2 is _________ organic (CO2 is not composed of _____________________.)
 Organic compounds are usually ________________ compounds with
____________________ in their structure.
Ex: Glucose – C6H12O6
 Four kinds of organic compounds:
1. __________________
2. _________________
3. ________________

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 4. _________________ (to be covered more in depth later) – DNA and RNA

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Note: ***Polysaccharides are composed of monosaccharides _____________________________

Polysaccharides must be first __________________ to monosaccharides for cells to use as
________________

Structural Formula of Monosaccharide:

2
 Proteins

Proteins

Structural Formula of Amino Acid:

3
 Lipids

Lipids

Structural Formula of Lipid:

4
 Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Enzymes
 Catalyst—substance that ___________________the ____________ of a chemical
_________________
Ex: hydrogen peroxide being broken down into water and oxygen

H2O2 H2O + O2 add catalase for FASTER REACTION!

 Enzyme – a kind of _______________ found only in _____________ things

 Enzymes are ______________________
 Enzymes change only the ______________ of the reaction
 Enzymes are ___________________ in a reaction, so they can be used over and over
 Enzymes are _______________ for the reaction they catalyze
Ex: Saltines and amylase

Starch Sugar

 Enzymes allow ___________________ to occur __________________; otherwise the

hamburger you ate last week might still be in your stomach!
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