Digestive System – Summary of Chemical Digestion & Absorption

The 3 major food nutrient groups are: ___________________, ______________, ____________

Carbohydrates:

Carbohydrates are made up of the following elements: C________, H____________, O___________

_____________________ are made up of single sugar molecules, ___________________ are made up

of two linked sugar molecules. ____________________ are made up of many linked sugar molecules.

Examples of monosaccharides include: _____________, _______________ and ________________.

Disaccharides include: ___________________, ________________ and _________________.

Polysaccharides include: ___________________, ________________ and _________________.

Polysaccharides and disaccharides are ______ ________ to be absorbed through the _______________

______. Carbohydrates (______________________) are broken down into ________________________

and then ___________________ by enzymes.

Enzymes that breakdown carbohydrates are called: _________________.

Proteins:

Proteins are made up of the following elements: C________, H___________, O________, N _________.

Proteins are made of linked chains of ____________ ____________.

Proteins are ______ ________ to be absorbed through the _______________ ______.

Proteases break _______________ into _________________, ______________ and ________________.

Lipids:

Lipids are made up of the following elements: C________, H____________, O___________

Lipids include __________ and ___________. Lipids are made up of a ______________ molecule linked

to ____________ __________.

Lipases are ______________ that break lipids into ______________ and ________________ molecules.
Enzyme Summary:

________________ break down large polysaccharides into ____________________ and then

____________________.

________________ break down large protein molecules into shorter ____________________ then

____________________ and then ___________ _________.

________________ break down lipid molecules into ___________________ and __________________.

Enzymes carry out _________________ digestion.

Draw simple diagrams to complete the following boxes:

A diagram showing the major differences between a polysaccharide, disaccharide and monosaccharide:

A diagram showing the major differences between a polypeptide, dipeptide and amino acid:
A diagram showing the major differences between a lipid molecule and a glycerol & fatty acids molecule:

What is the major role of digestive enzymes?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

What is the major role of amylase?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

What is the major role of protease?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

What is the major role of lipase?

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Complete the following summary table for the 3 major nutrients and how they are absorbed across the
wall of the small intestine:

Nutrient Transport Process Absorbed into …

Monosaccharides

Amino acids

Glycerol & Fatty Acids