Name: ______________________

BIOLOGY

Topic 5: Dynamic Cells

The Cell Membrane

● Cell membranes are composed of a double
layer of _________________________ with
proteins & other molecules embedded within.

● Thus, the cell membrane is often referred to as

a ___________________________________.

Membrane Properties
Which properties of phospholipids cause them to form a double-layered membrane?
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Sketch a diagram of a phospholipid bilayer in the space below. Label the hydrophilic and
hydrophobic regions of each phospholipid.

- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: ______________________

The Dynamic Membrane

● Cell membranes contain embedded proteins, which serve to ________________________
___________________________ and _______________________________________________.

● Membranes are in constant motion. This fluidity helps membrane proteins function by
allowing them to __________________ in response to ______________________________.

● This model of the membrane is referred to as the __________________________________.

Membrane Models
Complete the following table comparing the trilaminar & fluid-mosaic membrane models:

Trilaminar Model Fluid Mosaic Model

DIAGRAM

PROPOSED BY
.

PROTEIN
ARRANGEMENT

What type of evidence was the trilaminar model based on? What type of evidence was used to
disprove this model?
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- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: ______________________

Membrane Proteins

1. Integral:

2. Peripheral:

Integral Peripheral

Roles of Membrane Proteins

List the six general roles of membrane proteins (Remember the acronym: JET RAT)

Cholesterol in the Cell Membrane

Phospholipids are not the only type of lipid found in the cell membrane; cholesterol is also
present. Explain the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane.
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Glycoproteins & Glycolipids

- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: ______________________

● In addition to proteins & cholesterol, molecules known as ______________________

and _______________________ are also found throughout the phospholipid bilayer.

● Glycoproteins are made of carbohydrate chains bonded to ________________________.

These molecules play an important role in ______________________________________.

● Glycolipids are made of carbohydrate chains bonded to __________________________.

These molecules often act as ________________________.

Transport Across Cell Membranes

Why are cell membranes considered to be “selectively permeable”?
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Passive Transport
Movement of molecules down a concentration gradient without an input of energy from the
cell is called passive transport.

Type of Passive How it works Diagram

Transport

Simple
Diffusion

Osmosis

Facilitated
Diffusion

Osmosis in Plant vs. Animal Cells

- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: ______________________

Define each of the following terms:

● Isotonic

● Hypotonic

● Hypertonic

● Water Potential

Sketch what happens when plant & animal cells are placed in a hypotonic solution vs a
hypertonic solution.

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

Animal
Cells

Plant
Cells

Active Transport

- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: ______________________

Explain how active transport differs from passive transport.

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Type of Active How it works Diagram

Transport

Pumps (e.g.
sodium-potassium
pump)

Cotransport

Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Cell Surface Area : Volume Ratio

The greater the surface area to volume ratio of a cell, the more efficient cell transport will be…

- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: ______________________

EXAMPLE:
Which cell will be more efficient? Explain.

Is Bigger Better?
Compare a cube with a side length of 1.0 cm to a cube with a side length of 4.0 cm…

a) What is the surface area : volume ratio of each cube?

b) Which cube would be more efficient if it was a cell?

Linking Questions
1. Explain why cholesterol is an essential part of our diet. (2)

- SCIENCE 10H -
Name: ______________________

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2. Compare and contrast the processes of simple diffusion and osmosis. (4)

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3. Distinguish between the processes of cotransport and facilitated diffusion. (2)

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- SCIENCE 10H -