GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGE PALAKKAD
KODUMBU(PO),KERALA-678551
VISION
To be a center of excellence In engineering education for providing
valuable resources to industry and society.
MISSION
• To provide quality education in engineering and technology.

• To involve in the development of society through technology

transfer, entrepreneurship and industry interaction.
• To inculcate social responsibility and ethical values among stu-
dents through value education.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

ENGINEERING
VISION
To become a centre of excellence in the field of Computer Hard-
ware and Networking and to produce skilled engineers in the field
of Information Technology.
MISSION

• To motivate the students for taking up rewarding careers in the

industry.
• To encourage the students to take up higher studies.
• To create ethically motivated individuals with social commit-
ment
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER HARDWARE
ENGINEERING
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

• Our computer hardware diploma engineer will have sufficient

understanding of the field of computer and networking tech-
nologies.
• They will be able to advance in career and move on with up-
dating technology.
• They will have the ability to understand the context and broader
impacts of technology
• They will be aware of complying with ethical,cultural,environmental
and economical aspects of doing a job or technology business
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
• Students completed diploma in Computer Hardware Engineer-
ing program will be able to:
• PSO1: Apply their knowledge in the domains of computer soft-
ware, hardware and networking to solve problems.
• PSO2: Apply the acquired technical skills in the field of net-
work engineering, network infrastructure,computer hardware
maintenance and servicing.
• PSO3: Update their knowledge in the field of computer soft-
ware, hardware and networking to cope up with the current
industrial standards.
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PALAKKAD KERALA

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER HARDWARE ENGINEERING
2022-2023

PROJECT REPORT
on

IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Submitted by
ADITHYAN K
Reg.No : 2101150380
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
PALAKKAD KERALA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled "IMPLEMENTATION

OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY " has been presented by
ADITHYAN K of second year Computer Hardware Engineering
in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Diploma in
Computer Hardware Engineering under the Directorate of Technical
Education, Kerala state during the year 2022-23.

Head of Department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a pleasure to recollect the faces that pass through the way of

Completing my effort success- fully. We are not sure, if these words
are enough to express my liability to pay my thanks.We would like
to thank Mrs. SEEMA K N , the principal of our Polytechnic for
providing a pleas- ant atmosphere to complete my minor project.
We express thanks to Mr. SAJAN E V, Head of Department who
gave Permission to do the project.Finally I express thanks to Mr.
VENU- GOPALAN K, Guide of our project who gave us sincere ef-
fort to make the project. Furthermore, We would like to express my
heartfelt gratitude to Mr. SUDHESH K M (Demonstrator in the
Department of Computer Hardware) for his endless support and as-
sistance in making this project a success. At the last but not the
least, a remembrance to the God Almighty, without whose blessing,
the thoughts about the seminar will not go fourth.

ADITHYAN K
Reg.No : 2101150380
Project Report Exam Seat Arrangement and Notification System 2021-22

ABSTRACT

Wired connections are less susceptible to radio interference, they

have fewer lost packets of data that must be re transmitted. As a
result, wired networks are preferred for many business applications
that require speed and dependability. Wireline communication is
another name for wired communication. Telephone networks, cable
television or internet access, and fiber-optic communication are all
examples. Ethernet cables are commonly used in wired networks
to transfer data between connected PCs. Wired LANâs are typi-
cally much faster, more reliable, provide better security, and deliver
more bandwidth than wireless LANâs. Typically, wired LANâs are
much easier to monitor and troubleshoot.Unlike traditional wired
networking Wireless networks enable mobile users to access real-
time information, allowing them to roam around your companyâs
premises without being disconnected from the network. This im-
proves company-wide teamwork and productivity, which is not pos-
sible with traditional networks. Installing a wireless network sys-
tem eliminates the need for cables, which are time-consuming to
install and can pose a safety risk if employees trip over them. When
compared to a traditional network, it can also be installed quickly
and easily. The wireless network can be extended to areas of your
organisation where wires and cables are inaccessible. If your net-
work configuration changes in the future, you can easily update the
wireless network to meet the new requirements.The primary goal of
this project is to create a wired and wireless network for a Local
Area Network in order to share internet access and other network
resources among our college’s labs.

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 8
1.1 Ethernet Cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2 Twisted Pair Cable: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3 Wireless media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.4 Wireless ad hoc network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2 Network Design 13
2.1 Equipment Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.2 Crimping tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3 Implementation 21

4 CONCLUSION 26
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Though computers are capable of carrying out their intended func-

tion in a standalone mode, computers will be much stronger if they
can exchange information with one another. In past, countless num-
ber of business companies had used computer in their daily run. For
example, they used computer in accounting to record every transac-
tion of the company made, in trading to record selling and buying
information, in personnel management to record every employeeâs
information and etc. However, nowadays the success of the Internet
makes people to sense that network is a much more powerful tool
for them to enhance their business and make their company running
more efficient. A local area network (LAN) is a computer network
that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a res-
idence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.[1]
By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger
geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommu-
nication circuits. Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common
technologies in use for local area networks.In practice, the concept
was marred by the proliferation of incompatible physical layer and
network protocol implementations, and a plethora of methods of
sharing resources. Typically, each vendor would have its own type
of network card, cabling, protocol, and network operating system.
A solution appeared with the advent of Novell NetWare which pro-
vided even-handed support for dozens of competing card and cable
types, and a much more sophisticated operating system than most
of its competitors.

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Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

1.1 Ethernet Cabling

An ethernet cable allows the user to connect their devices such as
computers, mobile phones, routers, etc.; to a network that will al-
low a user to have internet access, it also carries broadband signals
between devices connected through it.

1.2 Twisted Pair Cable:

Twisted pair is a copper wire cable in which two insulated cop-
per wires are twisted around each other to reduce interference or
crosstalk. It uses 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, and some other newer
ethernet variants. It uses RJ-45 connectors.

Types of twisted pair cable:

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable: In STP the wires are covered
by a copper braid covering or a foil shield, this foil shield adds a
layer that protects it against interference leaking into and out of
the cable. Hence, they are used for longer distances and higher
transmission rates.

Figure 1.1: Ethernet Cable(twisted pair)

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable: Unshielded twisted pair ca-

ble is one of the most commonly used cables in computer networks
at present time. UTP consists of two insulateCONCLUSIONd cop-
per wires twisted around one another, the twisting of wires helps in
controlling interference.

1.3 Wireless media

In a wireless LAN, users have unrestricted movement within the
coverage area. Wireless net- works have become popular in resi-
dences and small businesses, because of their ease of in- stallation.
Most wireless LANs use Wi-Fi as wireless adapters are typically in-
tegrated into smartphones, tablet computers and laptops. Guests
are often offered Internet access via a hotspot service. A wireless
local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices over a short
distance using a wireless distribution method, usually providing a
connection through an access point for internet access. The use of
spread-spectrum or OFDM technologies may allow users to move
around within a local coverage area, and still remain connected to
the network. Products using the IEEE 802.11 WLAN standards are
marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name. Fixed wireless technology
implements point-to-point links between computers or networks at
two distant locations, often using dedicated microwave or modulated
laser light beams over line of sight paths. It is often used in cities
to connect networks in two or more buildings without installing a
wired link. To connect to Wi-Fi using a mobile device, one can use
a device like a wireless router or the private hotspot capability of
another mobile device.

1.4 Wireless ad hoc network

A wireless ad hoc network, also known as a wireless mesh network
or mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is a wireless network made up
of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology. Each node forwards
messages on behalf of the other nodes and each node performs rout-
ing.[12] Ad hoc networks can âself-healâ, automatically re-routing
around a node that has lost power. Various network layer proto-
cols are needed to realize ad hoc mobile networks, such as Distance

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Sequenced Distance Vector routing, Associativity-Based Routing,

Ad hoc on-demand Distance Vector routing, and Dynamic source
routing. Nowadays, more and more networks are operating without

Figure 1.2: Wireless LAN

cables, within the wireless mode. Wireless LANs use high-frequency

radio signals, infrared beams, or lasers to speak between the work-
stations, file servers, or hubs. Wireless LAN is formed by connecting
different devices through wireless communication to form an area
network. WLAN follows a typical named IEEE 802.11. . This net-
work is straightforward to put in and use at the house or other place.
and used by different mediums and connects them with personal dig-
ital assistants, desktop computers, workstations and printers mobile
phones, etc.

WLAN includes an access point (AP) which is employed to attach

to the web . AP sends and receives frequency signal to the con-
nected devices. In 1990 WLAN installation was expensive and was
only deployed where the wired connection wasnât possible. within
the late 1990s, cost decreases to implement WLAN due to using
IEEE 802.11 standard. It works with a bandwidth of two .4 GHz
(802.11b) or 5 GHZ (802.11 a). The devices to which WLAN con-
nects also are called clients. The Wi-Fi Alliance may be a global,
non-profit organization that helps to make sure standards and in-
teroperability for wireless networks, and wireless networks are often

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

mentioned as Wi-Fi.

WLAN gives a high data transfer rate. It uses a star during

which all nodes send/receive data through access points. It works
better in homes and offices. Especially in offices no extra cables
are required and arranging a gathering is additionally easy. itâs a
knowledge transfer rate of 1-10 Mbps. Wireless LAN uses security
which incorporates WEP or WPZ. It also uses infrared technology
if required.

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Chapter 2

Network Design

There are two approaches to build this network â Mainframe/terminal

and server/client. In my design, server/client approach will be used.
Although the price of a terminal computer is lower than client com-
puter, the price of a mainframe computer is very high and cannot
be afforded by a medium-sized computer. Also, the function of a
client computer is better than that of the terminal. If the network
is down, client computer can still work alone, but terminal will not
work anymore. The cost of a terminal computer is not much higher
than a client computer. Hence, I have chosen server/client network.
CAT5 UTP cables are used because the cost of UTP cable is very
low and can be easily installed. Also, CAT5 UTP cable can support
high bandwidth and up to 100Mbit per second. There are alterna-
tive choices of cabling such as coaxial cable, fiber-optic and wireless
connection. Coaxial cable is also very cheap and easy to install.
However, network connected by coaxial cable cannot support a lot
of computers. Wireless connection is another good choice since it
does not need to deploy a cabling system which makes installation
very easy. With wireless connection, you do not need to make any
cable trays. You can also move computers around the company
and do not need to concern any cable issues. However, the cost of
wireless LAN is much expensive. Wireless LAN requires a lot of
wireless hubs and transmitters which are quite expensive. Besides,
the transmission speed of wireless LAN is much slower than that
of cable-based LAN. Hence, in my network design, wireless con-
nection will not be used. Another alternative choice for cabling is
fiber-optics. It can support very high bandwidth, but the cost of

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Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

it is very high and the installation is very difficult. To operate at

100Mbs speed, 100Base-T designed network cards and 100Base-T
switched hubs are used. In general, a switch interconnects comput-
ers and passes data among them. I use switch and do not use hubs
because the performance of switch is better. Hence, though switch
is more expensive than hub, switch is selected for the network.

Figure 2.1: Network Design

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Sl No ITEM Quantity
1 Rack Wall Mount with 2
Lock/Network Rack/ Server
Rack with Power Socket
2 24-Port Ethernet Switch for 1
Desktop Speed 10/100 Mbps
RJ-45
3 RJ45 CAT6E Lan I/O Network 15
Keystone Jack DUAL PORT
Gang Box + Faceplate
4 Media Convertor 100/1000 SFP 1 1
pair
5 Compact, dual-band WiFi 6 ac- 2
cess point with flexible mounting
options
6 RJ 45 Jack For Ethernet cable 100
7 CAT 6 RJ45 UTP Ethernet LAN 300 mtr
Cable with Gigabit up to 1000
Mbps
8 [HTML]Square PVC Wiring 100
Channel for Cabling 4â
9 []5 Port 10/100/1000 Gigabit 1
Switch
10 [] Network Cable ties 100
11 5-Port Gigabit PoE Network 1
Switch
12 Extension Board with Surge Pro- 2
tector 6 Socket Networking with
Power Cord -1.5
13 1 KVA UPS with internal battery 2
14 Patch Cable 1.5 mtr 25

2.1 Equipment Requirement

To build an IT network you will need a range of equipment including
the following: An internet connection. This is likely to be a fast fi-
bre connection or dedicated leased line. Cables and connectors. Ca-
bles and connectors link the computers, printers, servers, and other

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

equipment on your network. While you can go wireless, a wired

internet connection through an Ethernet cable is stronger, more
stable, and faster. A router. Your router manages network traffic,
ensuring devices can communicate with each other via both wired
and wireless (Wi-Fi) connections, and provides internet connectiv-
ity. A wireless access point. A wireless connecter (Wi-Fi) enables
people to connect to your network without wires. This will extend
your wireless network if the router is incapable of offering coverage
in certain parts of the building. A hardware firewall. This creates
a secure barrier between your network and the internet, blocking
security threats. Networks sometimes include an on-site network
server which runs central applications, acts as an email server and
provides file storage. Table shows the list of equipmentâs required
for establishing the network connectiv- ity.Additionally set of tools
required for installation purpose, that are given below.

2.2 Crimping tool

A crimping tool is generally used to create a junction between wires
and connectors by deforming them. Different crimping tools are
designed for different cables, wires, and pipes. One of the most
common uses of crimping tools in daily life is to terminate the Eth-
ernet cables and such a crimping tool can also be named as an
RJ45 crimping tool. An RJ45 crimping tool is a device used in the
networking system. It is a good helper for you to crimp and ter-
minate RJ45 plugs. An RJ45 crimping tool is a special device for
the installation of different cabling systems. It usually features a
compact design that is practical and easy to use. Whatâs more,
it also provides a solid connection between the RJ45 connector to
the Ethernet cable. Some RJ45 crimping tools are also available for
RJ11 and RJ12 connectors.

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Figure 2.2: crimping tool

RJ45 JACK An 8-pin/8-position plug or jack is commonly used to

connect computers onto Ethernet-based local area networks (LAN).
Two wiring schemesâT568A and T568Bâare used to terminate the
twisted-pair cable onto the connector interface.

Figure 2.3: RJ-45 JACK

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Punch Down Tool Also referred to as krone tool, the punch down
tool is a small hand tool most often used by telecom and data net-
work technicians to install wiring for telephone, computer and var-
ious audio networks. This tool allows for the quick and effective
cross-connection of wires through the use of 66-type or 110-type
connection blocks.Punch down tool is commonly used for the ter-
mination works in the copper network. It is used to terminate the
Ethernet cables (Cat5/5e/6/6a) by inserting the cables wires into
the insulation-displacement connectors (IDC) on the punch down
blocks, patch panels, keystone modules, and the surface mount of
boxes. The name is thus derived from the method by which the tool
pushes a solid copper wire between metal blades on the connection
block, and cuts off the excess by punching the tool, driving the tool
blade through the wire.

It is used for inserting wire into insulation-displacement connec-

tors on punch down blocks, patch panels, keystone modules, and
surface mount boxes (also known as biscuit jacks).

Figure 2.4: Punch-down-process

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Figure 2.5: Punch down Tool

Cable Tester A network tester is used at this transfer point and

checks the desired network line. However, the possibility of check-
ing should not stop there. Telecommunication cables of telephone
systems can also be 4-wire and use an RJ11/RJ12 plug.This network
cable tester is used for testing twisted pair wire connections, with
RJ11, RJ12, RJ45 connectors. The tester checks for cable integrity
and correct connector installation. The test results of each wire are
displayed with an LED indication.

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Figure 2.6: Cable Tester

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Chapter 3

Implementation

The following steps are carried out for Setting up LAN Network.
• 1. Identify the local services that you want available on the net-
work. Identify network- attached printers, network disk drives,
any server that will share printers or disks.
• 2. Identify how many devices will have to connect to the net-
work. Each device, server or workstation will require a unique
address.
• 3. Run cables to workstations where possible. A wired LAN
will always get better performance and be more secure than a
wireless LAN. Wherever possible, run a cable to servers, print-
ers, IP phones or work locations. Run a cable to any area
where you are likely to work. Use standard Ethernet cables or
building wiring as installed according to the TIA-568 standard.
• 4. Select and purchase a switch or cable router. The simple
secure way to connect to the Internet is to use a cable router.
Many makes and models are available. If the model you choose
does not have enough ports to connect all of your computers,
then you will need to purchase a switch as well.
• 5. Configure the WAN port of the cable router. Configuration
details will vary from vendor to vendor. Key information you
will need to configure the WAN port will be supplied by your
internet service provider.
• 6. Configure the LAN ports of your cable router. Most cable
routers will act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Server, or

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Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

DHCP server. This means that the router will give addresses
to workstations automatically. Be certain that the address pool
has enough addresses for all of the workstations. Make certain
that there are enough addresses outside of the range for any
hosts that need static addresses. For example, a network ad-
dress with a mask of 255.255.255.0 has a total of 254 hosts. If
the dynamic pool has 200 addresses available, that means the
remaining 54 addresses are available to give printers or servers
static addresses.
• 7. Connect the wires for the network. Workstations and servers
can be connected with standard Ethernet cables. Connect the
switch to the cable router LAN ports by using the up-link or
straight port on the switch. If the switch does not have an
up-link port, connect any standard port of the switch to a
LAN port on the cable router with an Ethernet crossover cable.
Ethernet cross-over cables can be purchased at any electronics
store.
• 8. Test the services and Internet connectivity. Test each of
the workstations to ensure they can connect to the Internet
and test any local servers and printers. Print test pages on the
shared printers. Tests read and write permissions on shared
file servers by copying files to the servers and copying files from
the server to a workstation.

Figure 3.1: Panel Assembly

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Figure 3.2: Rack Installation

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Figure 3.3: Cabling

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Project Report IMPLEMENTATION OF NETWORK CONNECTIVITY

Figure 3.4: WiFi Access-point installation

GPTC PALAKKAD Dept of Computer Hardware Engineering

Chapter 4

CONCLUSION

LANs (Local Area Network) use Ethernet as the primary tech-

nology for wired connectivity.Some of the network devices we use
on our LAN are switches, access points, and routers. Eth- ernet is
the dominant standard that is used on our LAN, wireless devices
use another standard.In this project we implemented network con-
nectivity using both wired and wireless method for establishing the
internet facility in CAD lab of mechanical engineering department
and Lan- guage lab of general department of our college.In future
we would like to do some modification using mac filtering and other
security enhancement in the above mentioned laboratory for secure
and seamless network connectivity.

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