Report on Artificial Intelligence in Defence

School of computer science and Engineering

Course code: INT404

Topic: Artificial Intelligence in Defense

Section: K21EH

Team Members Details

Shahid Raza - 12018744 - Roll no. : 58

Amogh Varshney - 12112480 - Roll no.: 21

Srinivas Kumar - 12114103 - Roll no. : 40

Submitted to: Dr. Suma

Kamalesh Gandhimathi
 Introduction:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various industries, including the defense sector. AI in defense
can be defined as the use of machines to perform tasks that would require human intelligence. It can be used in
a wide range of applications, including military equipment, surveillance, logistics, and decision-making.

Applications of AI in Defense:

1. Autonomous Weapons: AI in defense has led to the development of autonomous weapons systems that can
identify and attack targets without human intervention. These weapons include drones, missiles, and other
unmanned vehicles.
2. Surveillance: AI-powered surveillance systems can analyze large amounts of data from various sources,
including cameras, sensors, and satellites. These systems can detect potential threats and alert human
operators.
3. Logistics: AI can be used in logistics to optimize supply chains, plan routes, and predict maintenance
requirements for vehicles and equipment. It can also be used to manage inventory levels and reduce waste.
4. Decision-making: AI can be used to process vast amounts of data to help military commanders make informed
decisions. This includes analyzing historical data, predicting outcomes, and identifying patterns and trends.
5. Cybersecurity: AI is being used to enhance cybersecurity by detecting and responding to cyber
threats in real-time. AI algorithms can analyze network traffic to identify anomalies and potential
threats, enabling defense forces to respond quickly to cyber attacks.

Advantages of AI in Defense:

1. Increased efficiency: AI can perform tasks faster and more accurately than humans, leading to increased
efficiency in defense operations.
2. Improved safety: Autonomous weapons and surveillance systems can reduce the risk to human operators in
dangerous situations.
3. Better decision-making: AI can provide military commanders with real-time intelligence and insights to make
informed decisions.
4. Cost savings: AI-powered logistics systems can optimize supply chains, reduce waste, and save costs.
5.
Key Areas to Examine of AI Application Advances
“The Pentagon is figuring ways to harness artificial intelligence (AI) for advantages as
far-flung as battlespace autonomy, intelligence analysis, record tracking, predictive
maintenance and military medicine. AI is a key growth investment area for DoD, with
nearly

$1 billion allocated in the 2020 budget. The Defense Department’s Joint Artificial

Intelligence Center (JAIC) will see its budget double to over $ 208 million, with significant
increases likely in 2021 and beyond ... The military is currently seeking to integrate AI into
weapon systems development, augment human operatorswith AI-driven robotic maneuver on
the battlefield and enhance the precision of military fires” (DoD Growth in Artificial
Intelligence: The Frontline of a New Age inDefense, 2019).

AI already has deep impacts on nuclear armament, cyber and information warfare, materials and
bio-technologies,aerospace, and considered that these effects will have the similar result on global world
order that the appearance of nuclear weapons created. The AI systems are also expected to bring about
an adversarial AI arms-race.
Machine learning uses mathematical algorithms and formulas to extract patterns from masses of
data. However, if an adversary can see enough of the inputs and the outputs of our AI system, they can
deduce what algorithms are operating, just as reverse engineering works. The whole game may be
turning into a battle between adversarial groups of mathematicians, similarly to the codebreaking
competition struggle of World War II and the Cold War (Artificial Intelligence the Frontline of a New
Age in Defense, n.d.).
Let’s examine some specific AI military applications in important domains where the
revolutionary effects are expected and can already be perceived in leading military powers.
In case of C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and
Reconnaissance), the combatting units use trusted AI-enabled autonomous systems that are capable of
carrying out tasks that are deemed “dull, dirty, dangerous or dear” and provide AI-enabled decision
support to war- scenarios and AI-recommended courses of action (COA). AI supported data fusion,
categorization and targeting provide intelligence analysts higher capability of TCPED (tasking,
collecting, processing, exploiting, disseminating) and retrieving information. AI integration into C4ISR
process results better indications and warning, information and knowledge management tools, resulting
more reliable intelligence analyses.
Autonomous systems, UxVs (Unmanned Vehicles like UAV, UGV, AUV etc.) can be operating
on a much higher efficiency and safety level with AI support. The implementation of deep learning
systems into unmanned platforms will significantly extend robotic capabilitiesfor navigation.
AI supports long term Capability Planning by the development of analytical solutions, including
supporting complexdecision-making by assessments of complex factors.
AI technology improves autonomy to achieve sensor integration and data fusion to satisfy
requirements for fast and reliable detection, identification, and monitoring(DIM) of CBRN hazards.

Interrelation of AI and Big Data Advanced Analytics (BDAA) in Defense

Artificial Intelligence is stronglyconnected and interrelated to Big Data technology. Data feed for
efficient AIapplication is a key success factor and the data feed has a wide variety of sources. Therefore,
Big Data technological development has key impact on AIsolutions and vice versa.
Big Data technology accomplishes data processing and analysis that brings forth significant volume,
velocity, variety, veracity and visualization challenges. Digitalization, spreading of sensortechnology,
IoT and virtualization of social media played significant role in the development of Big Data.

Current State of AI in Defense:

AI is already being used in a variety of ways in the defense industry. One of the most common
applications is in the field of autonomous vehicles, including drones and unmanned ground vehicles.
These systems are capable of performing a range of tasks, including reconnaissance, surveillance, and
even combat operations. They are particularly useful in situations where it is too dangerous or difficult for
human soldiers to be present.
Another area where AI is being used is in the analysis of large amounts of data. AI algorithms can quickly
and accurately analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns and anomalies that may not be
immediately apparent to humans. This can be particularly useful in identifying potential threats, such as
cyber attacks, before they occur.

AI is also being used to develop new weapons and equipment. For example, AI algorithms can be used to
design new missile systems or to optimize the performance of existing ones. This can lead to more
accurate and effective weapons systems, reducing the risk of collateral damage and increasing the
likelihood of successful missions.

Future Prospects
The use of AI in defense is expected to continue to grow in the coming years, with the market for AI in
defense projected to reach $14.9 billion by 2026. AI is expected to play an increasingly significant role in
the areas of autonomous systems, predictive analytics, and decision-making.

However, there are also concerns about the ethical implications of AI in defense, and it is essential to
balance the benefits of AI with these ethical concerns to ensure that AI is used ethically and responsibly
in defense.
 Challenges of AI in Defense:

1. Ethics: There are ethical concerns regarding the use of autonomous weapons and the potential for AI to make
decisions that may not align with human values.
2. Cybersecurity: AI systems are vulnerable to cyber attacks, which could compromise their reliability and
accuracy.
3. Bias: AI systems can be biased towards certain groups or individuals, leading to unfair outcomes.
4. Data privacy: AI systems require vast amounts of data, raising concerns about data privacy and protection.

Expected Impact of AI and BDAA in Defense

Big Data Advanced Analytics encompasses analytical methods for understanding and visualizing masses
of information.
BDAA has four basic components:
– collection (sensors);
– communication;
– analysis;
– decision making (NATO Science& Technology Organization, 2020).

– Figure no. 3: BDAA Goals

– (Source: NATO Science & Technology Organization, 2020)
Conclusion:

AI in defense is a rapidly growing field with numerous applications and benefits. However, there are also
challenges that need to be addressed, including ethical concerns, cybersecurity, bias, and data privacy. It is
important to develop robust and transparent AI systems that align with human values and address these
challenges to ensure that AI in defense is used responsibly and ethically.
AI has the potential to transform the way defense forces operate, providing improved efficiency,
increased safety, and enhanced capabilities. However, there are also ethical, privacy, and technical
challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that AI is used ethically and responsibly in defense. The
future of AI in defense is promising, and it will be interesting to see how this technology develops in the
coming years.