Questions for analytical Chemistry

is a measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all
fields of science and medicine?

reveals identity of elements and compounds in a sample

determines identity of species (if unknown) and the amount of each substance in a sample.

components of a sample that are to be determined.

all sub-disciplines rely on analytical chemistry to function.

Branches of analytical chemistry

determine the mass of analyte or some compound chemically related to it.

use the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react with the analyte.

measure electrical properties (potential, current, resistance) to find composition of samples

based on interaction of electromagnetic radiation with analyte atoms & molecules, or on the
production of radiation by analytes.

- An analytical technique is a method that is used to determine the presence and

concentration of a chemical compound or chemical elemental there are a wide variety of
techniques used for analysis, from simple weighing (gravimetric) to titrations and very
advanced techniques using hip-hop specialized instrumentation. The most common
techniques used in analytical chemistry are Titrations Spectroscopy Chromatography-Mass
spectrometry. A titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis
that is used to determine the unknown concentration of a known reactant. Because volume
measurements play a key role in titration, it is also known as volumetric analysis. Examples
of common titrations in the industry: Karl Fischer titration; a method to analyze trace
amounts of water in a substance. iodine number a redox titration with a color indicator that
indicates the amount of unsaturated fatty acids present Spectrometry is the spectroscopic
technique used to assess the concentration or amount of a given chemical (atomic,
molecular, or ionic) species. In this case, the instrument that performs such measurements
is a spectrometer, spectrophotometer, or spectrograph. Emission spectroscopy uses the
range of electromagnetic spectra in which a substance radiates (emits) The substance first
must absorb energy. Absorption spectroscopy uses the range of the electromagnetic
spectrum in which a substance absorbs. This includes atomic absorption spectroscopy and
various molecular techniques, such as infrared and ultraviolet-visible Chromatography is the
collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures Gas
Chromatography Liquid Chromatography Column Chromatography Paper Chromatography:
Thin Layer Chromatography. Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique for the
determination of the elemental composition of a sample or molecule. It is also used for
clarifying the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and other chemical
compounds. The technique has both qualitative and quantitative uses. These include
identifying unknown compounds, determining the isotopic composition of elements in a
molecule as well as determining the structure of a compound by observing its
fragmentation. Another use includes quantifying the amount of a compound in a sample.
Monitoring the environment Transport safety - analysis of fuel source Winemaking Food
manufacturing - not for just labeled processed products, also for fresh fruit & fish Forensic
science Diagnosis of disease Qualitative - types of chemicals present in plant extracts
Quantitative - the amount of pesticide residue found on crops Physical properties: color,
mass, solubility, melting/ boiling point Chemical properties: reactions with acid/base,
oxidation Technique Physical or Chemical Property Examples of Analysis Analysis or Mass
gravimetric Ana lvsismass of mial, is term a mixture related in a reaction Percentage of
water in wheat stored in a silo. The concentration of salt in a jar of baby food Volumetric
Analysis Acid-Base Titrations Neutralisations reactions of acid or base concentration of
ammonia in window dealer Redox Titration Reactant as an oxidant or reductant
concentration of hydrogen peroxide in hair bleach. Chromatographic Analysis - Paper Thin
Layer - Gas - High-Performance Liquid Adsorption onto a stationary phase and solubility in a
mobile phase Analysis of codeine in a tablet Concentration of alcohol in the blood
Spectroscopic Analysis -Flame Tests -Atomic Emission -Atomic Absorption -Ultraviolet-
Visible -Infrared -Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Absorption or emission of part of the
electromagnetic spectrum Monitoring level of calcium in the blood Mass Spectrometry
Mass/charge ratio or ionized compound identification of lead isotope ratios in meteors