FACULTY OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

RH20103 PLANT BREEDING

PRACTICAL 7: PAPAYA HYBRIDIZATION

GROUP 10

NO. NAME MATRIC NO.

1 NUR SHAHIRAH BINTI BUSRAH BR21110118
2 ANA FAIZAH BINTI MD SURIYAH BR21110121
3 ALLEYNA ALEXSIUS BR21110051
4 NURAQILAH AIMAN BINTI MOHD ISMADIAH BR21110125
5 NUR DALILAH IZZATI BINTI ISMAIL BR21160160
6 THURKA A/P KARUNANITHY BR21160162
7 AINA SOFEA BINTI MOHD AMRAN BR21160184

LECTURER’S NAME: DR. MD AMIRUL ALAM

INTRODUCTION

Simplest terms, hybridization is the breeding of two distinct creatures from genetically dissimilar
groups or species. A very old method of generating genetic diversity within a population is through
hybridization. Animals and plants are both subjected to hybridization in order to achieve the greatest
possible commercial profit. In order to boost the commercial value of plants, traditional hybridization
techniques aim to create genotypes with beneficial features like insect resistance and high flowering
potential. Hybridization is largely dependent on the sexual cross between two genetically distant
strains of the same species, but due to the presence of various reproductive barriers, breeding was
limited to sexually compatible groups, thus limiting the gene flow, which resulted in limited
opportunities to improve the crop genotype.

Papaya, (Carica papaya), often known as papaw or papaya, is a big plant in the Caricaceae family that
produces a succulent fruit. The papaya may be a hybrid of two or more Carica species that are native
to Mexico and Central America, even though its origins are somewhat uncertain. Today, it is grown in
all tropical regions as well as the warmest regions of the subtropics.

OBJECTIVE

 To identify the tyoes and methods of reproduction of papaya tree.

 To learn basic techniques used in the hybridization of papaya plants.

 To develop skills in the hybridization of papaya plants.

MATERIALS

METHODS

Track down pollen-releasing male flowers. When pollen forms, the blooms are at their peak of
maturity. Remove a plastic bag with a closure. Place the hole underneath the male flower. To partially
enclose the bloom and prevent pollen loss, push the bag upward. With the tip of a little paintbrush or
your finger, lightly tap the flower's root. The bag will eventually fill with the tiny, powdery pollen.
Some microscopic anthers could also be visible. Repeat this process with every male flower you can
safely access to collect as much pollen as you can. Immediately after sealing the bag, utilise the
pollen. Determine the female flowers on a papaya tree of a different cultivar, as proper pollination
necessitates the presence of two types of trees that are completely unrelated to one another. Search for
blooms that are only a quarter to a half open; they are still in the female stage and prepared for
pollination. Take a paintbrush and dip it into the bag of pollen. With your finger, gently spread the
petals of the female flower. Fill the blossom with the paintbrush. Remove the brush after applying the
pollen on the tip to the stigma at the base of the interior flower. To remind yourself that you have
previously pollinated the flower, pinch off the tip of one of the petals. Leave the remaining flowers on
the branch alone.

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

Artificial sexual hybridization is a conventional breeding approach which involves crossing of

selected genotypes to introgress genes, to introduce new genetic variability for generating new or
novel varieties. This is usually aimed at incorporating genes of desirable traits such as disease
resistance and high yield in one genotype into the genetic background of the other genotype to
produce superior hybrids. It is a very useful approach in quantitative genetic analysis such as studies
of combining ability and expression of heterosis towards improvement of targeted traits. In cross-
pollinated species such as sweet potato, the phenomenon of self-incompatibility and high levels of
cross-compatibility promotes high rates of cross-fertilization after hand pollination.