Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
ISBN 978-2-9572458-2-6
Plagiat Editions
To understand the recomposition of Lavrio refugee camp in the 1880’s, we need to put this into the wider
context of Kurd migrations and the PKK setting-up in Europe. From the 1960’s until the 1980’s, there are no
statistics provided for Kurd migrants, who are not distinguished fom Turkish workers fleeing to Western Eu-
rope countries to be employed as temporary workforce, especially for the rebuilding of West Germany after the
war.
These migrations are organised by interpersonal networks of relatives, tribal groups, villages or activist links.
In the 1980’s, different changes can be observed within these migrations, in close link to the political Turkish
context. During the 70’s many clashes take place between the radical left - fragmented between revolutionary
Turkish or Kurd groups ( among which emerging PKK) - and the ultra-nationalist armed Grey Wolves, close
to the Nationalist Action Party (MHP) of colonel Turkes. Colonel Kenan Evren’s coup d’etat (12.10.80) puts
an end to the violence. A kind of « white terror » prevails, left groups and Kurdish identity are considered as
« pathologies needing to be cured » (Bozarslan 2009)
A state of emergency is declared with repression, mass waves of arrests, killings and torture, hundred thousand
imprisoned persons.This military regime puts a stop to all political activities in Kurdistan, causing thousands of
Turkish and Kurd leftist radicals to flee. Some of them join their organisations based in Syria or in Palestinian
camps, where they are trained in exchange for support to the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). The
PKK sets up base camps in the Beeka valley where they develop a strategy of armed comeback in Turkey (im-
plemented from 1984). Other Turkish and Kurd activists emigrate to Western Europe, first « people with more
capital opportunites and militant networks, such as Trotskystes » (Cormier 2017), then more and more exiles.
Turkish political organisations, and then the Kurdish Movement, are on a process of transnationalization. The
PKK realizes that Kurd immigration can provide them opportunities outside Turkish state sovereignty, as well
as financial and human ressources, and the possibility of pressuring European governments.
But immigrates in Turkey encounter new identity, political and ethno-confessional splits. As new political
netwoks of solidarity have surfaced, social relations and political affiliations are increasingly complex. New
Kurd refugees are tending to differentiate from the Turks organizing themselves on « a process of community
cohesion » (Rigoni 1987), which leads to reconfigurate the Kurd community already present in Europe (Bozars-
lan 2009).
From 1981 Turkish and Kurd members of revolutionary organisations transiting through Greece have to live
together in Lavrio. The camp itself becomes the Greek stage of these political recompositions.
Agathe Bédard, Lavrio camp, crossroads of the Kurd migratory paths in Greece, 2018.
3
«It's no measure of health to be well adjusted to a profoundly sick society»
Jiddu Krishnamurti
5
Chapter I
The visitors
Greece
6
The camp set up three rules,
which must be respected
inside it.
«TERMINUS»
Here we
are.
7
And last but not least, love
affairs are forbidden.
8
I've been here before, some time ago.
Today, I come back as a reporter
and researcher in order to publish in
the newspaper XXX an article about
the camp and its functioning. I don't
want to put anyone here in danger by
publishing photographs.
A cigarette ?
9
10
Here are some
Judith ? Oh no, thank linoleum sheets
you, I don't and some tools
smoke. I brought for the
carving workshop.
Interesting. I will
tell the people of the
camp. Can you begin
Tomorrow? Yes !
12
Me? no. But Judith
has been arrested,
been on trial, and she
has a police record.
13
And you ? I'm anarchist.
Are you... ?
Spas dikim !.
14
15
Chapter II
The women
France
16
A week ago, in Jaurès, there She required the assembly to
was a mixed assembly about beat him.
feminism in a squat. At the
end of the meeting a woman
pointed a man and accused
him of fondling and of spying
children going to the toilet.
After a debate,
the women decided He was carried out
that the accused uncounscious.
should be beaten,
with bare hands,
only by women, in
their name.
17
18
You see, after the event I thought
about it a lot. The women knew
that filing a complaint was useless,
that they would never get justice,
moreover in this kind of situation.
And even if justice heard them, it
was manifest that using justice or
police to settle things would be
dangerous for everyone.
19
Judges send people in
prison, jugdes who have
no actual knowledge of
what prison is, of what
is misery or illegality.
Had we used justice,
everything would have
been worse. Supposing
the man was condamned,
he would have been sent
to jail.
20
And jail is far more
violent, alienating and
dangerous than just a beating.
In jail, they steal your time.
21
Chapter III
The madwoman
Greece
22
Six am
23
24
Perhaps between
You're kurdish 350 and 400.
right ? Coming They come from
from Bakur ? Iraq, Syria and
How many people Iran.
are there in the
camp right now?
The responsables of
the camp are inviting
Is your friend asocial ? us for lunch, we have
Why isn't she coming ? to go now.
25
!?
26
The letters must
be written like in
a mirror. Or they
will be upside down Mamoste, Mamoste!.
when printed. Listen to my phone !
«I don't know
what to draw.»
.Professor
«There must «The road. I was
be something, a truck driver.
perhaps a Until I had an Aie! Mamoste!
memory.» accident..»
I'll find the
doctor at the
clinic !
AIIIEE!!
27
Mamoste ?!
Bijîsk! .
.Doctor
I follow
you.
28
I'm giving the printings to This one with the woman
Hey Mamoste ! their authors, but I don't is from Kenan, this one
What are you know everyone's name, with the road from Mervan
doing? could you help me ? and this one for me !
Tu dîn î Bijîsk !
It's not yours !
Give
me !
Come have
a cup of tea
with me.
30
The woman you drew, from this
portait between the two men,
is a martyr. She was the first
person to commit a suicide
bombing in a police station.
elle a écrit une lettre avant à
31
You asked me what A democracy
were my politicals without state.
opinions, and I Where the
simply said anar- population
chist. But I'm also self-administers
a feminist and an on a local scale.
ecologist. You see, People organise
in the camp we are different assemblies
under democratic according to what
confederalism. they do and who
they are. And so
on, up until a more
global organisation.
32
Chapter IV
The friends
France
33
For some time, my feelings had
changed : the anxious expectation
of the fight had become
excitement.
34
And the fear of action
had been replaced by
calmness and preparation.
I'm no longer afraid to be
arrested or beaten up.
35
If you move, I'll blow
your brains out !
STRIKE !!! We
got the flag !!
36
Quick ! Come
here !
Where's Bolo?
37
You're a student ! You're Do you know
neither a stranger nor a what solidarity Whatever, you're not a
worker. Demonstrations are means? demonstrator but a black
not your concern ! block ! Sluts like you should
get the death penalty !
38
They're so fucking mad !
They have no understanding
of the balance of power !
They have armors, shields,
grenades, their testimony
makes law.
They are legally untouchable, with It's normal though, because we're the bad guys.
their joker named «contempt of At least, the cops know that the presumption of
agent» ! And they never get it, innocence doesn't really exist. This is the
can't they see that people in front hypocrisy of the justice system.
of them are putting their freedom
and their lives in line for a reason
?
39
That's the What
Stalinist side do you
of justice! mean ?
Hahaha
Seriously ?!
40
Hey, do you want
to eat ? Here's a It's coming from Teddy, did you
tip, it's gross ! an other cell. note how many
grenades were
used?
Quiet
We can hear
everything
from our cell !
Clang
Oh shit I
forgot ! Hey guys ! I told him
that today the food
was even worse !
It's like psychological
torture !
41
High court... OOOOOOOOHHHH OOOOHHHHHHHH
so I'm going HAAAAAAA !!! AAAAAAAA !!!
to trial. Set meeee OOOOOOHHHHHH
frreeeeeee !!! HAAAAAAA !!!
42
Wake up! OOOOOOOHHHHHH Hahaha come on,
You'll see the HHHHAAAAAA !!! cut your bullshit!
magistrate.
HAHAHAHA
HAHAHAHA
43
Chapitre V
Heval
Greece
44
How long have you been awake ?
Roj bas. . Roj bas. Would you like to come at the
engraving workshop ?
.Hello.
I've been up all night, it's my
shift. Why not, are you a No, I work for myself,
teacher in France ? I'm a painter. I used to be a history
and kurdish teacher in
prison.
45
When did you wake up ?
Around
Hello six am,
Jade ! I think.
Hey Judith,
Hi Dîrok !
46
There is no limit Which is a problem. Because It would be cool
to the number of the women's assembly, like if some women
supervisors, but no the young's assembly, has a came to engrave.
woman has wanted right to veto.
to be chosen for
several months.
47
Roj bas Roj bas !
Mamoste dîn !
Ez basim,
Tu çawa yî ? . spas. ..
I just checked
Instagram. One of
He Judith ! the supervisors
of the camp had
invited us to eat
last night.
48
Here,
When I met him in the some tea.
courtyard, he ignored
me !
Thank
you !
Ah ...
Do you mind
me recording you I'm not a good
singing ? I do it singer... But as you
with everyone in want... I'd prefer to
the camp. do that in the clinic
though !
Come in.
49
Hevala Mamosté Ax ^u eman
dîn ^u Jade.
^ ^
Ci dinyake puç u vala
Ax eman, eman eman
Ax eman, eman eman
Ax ^u eman
Ês ^u derdê vê dinyayê
Cendî ez kustim
Cendî ez kirime vê
belayê
Ne silavek ne
dinêrî
Birîndar kirim Ax eman, eman
Ez pîr kirim vê eman
zeriyê Ax eman, eman
Hisê min dibir eman
Gava ew çu^ wê
bêriyê
Evîndar im
Dîtina te ji min re keder e
Hêvîdar im
Dilê min tu bibî ji xwe re
Evîndar im
50
I'm drawing Dîrok, He
asked me to make his
portrait.
What are
you doing?
51
He's
sleeping.
Draw me !
There you go !
You just need Thanks. Is
to engrave it . that me ?
52
Now ? I'm No.
seven months My Husband is I'll try to
pregnant ! in Germany, but join him
I was returned again.
to Greece.
53
Ez ê bimesim. Ez ê di nav
saetekê de vegerim. OK
Oh ! what a
guerillera!
Can you
climb that ?
Yep, look !
54
With those clothes you're wearing, you remind Why didn't you do it?
me of our guerilleras fighting in the mountains.
I've always dreamed to go there like them.
55
One day I visited her, and
guess what ? I saw a family
picture and discovered that
her father was a colonel from
the turkish army !
Hahahaha !!!
Don't laugh at me!
56
I fled once more with some
comrades from prison, and
since then taking up arms
hasn't been an option
anymore.
57
One of my most important memories was when I had to
58
announce my departure to my mom. She was so worried.
And we both knew, at this moment, that she would be
worried until the end of her life. She wanted to come with me. We hid our car five kilometers away from the
town, to avoid the police. We took an illegal path, with racks, hidden by trees,
just the both of us ... until we got in town.
We're communists
Seriously ? originally, we support all
By the way, I You follow the the workers' struggles.
wanted to show yellow jackets'
you something protests ?
heval. And of
course
the
yellow
Jackets.
Sorry !
Were you hurt ?
Be Show me !
careful !
My friend will
come back soon.
Let's get down !
Okey !
AAIIIEE !
Yes, here
my lips. ...
59
Forget it... Anything else you It seems rational to forbid drugs ! Also because everybody
want to know ? Not only do they impair our knows that drugs are a
reaction and reasoning abilities, proven method to break
which is extremely dangerous political movements
There's a rule and revolts.
I don't in a guerrilla situation.
understand.
Drugs ? Well
you're french
after all !
Without
mentionning
dependance.
It's not
that!
...
I think
you're right.
61
Chapter VI
The mother
France
62
« He raised both hands and and twisted it there, twice. As his eyesight
spread out all his fingers, b failed, K. saw the two gentlemen cheek by
ut the hands of one of the cheek, close in front of his face, watching the
gentleman were laid on K.'s result. «Like a dog!» he said, ...» .
throat, while the other pushed
the knife deep into his heart
It will be complicated,
I working till six ...
thirty p.m. Well, hurry then !
See you !
Bye !
63
Here you are.
A little late...
Come, your gift
is upstairs.
...
Wait a
minute !
Thanks. I should go
now.
64
She's the girl who refused to
Véronique, this is the young study in an elite highschool
student with an unconventional Pleased to meet you, of Paris, despite her
profile we spoke about. I'm the communication excellence, and chose to go
officer of the Legion. in a priority education zone
to learn drawing.
Good.
Judith, every year we publish a booklet for the Your experience would be
sponsors, with some testimonies of the Legion's great, after all without But I refused those
sponsees. A profile like yours would be perfect. our support you could'nt highschools and made my
have done the choice you choices before I met you.
made. And I paint since I'm five.
...
These are just details ! By
the way, did she receive Of course ! So let's do
her gifts ? this ! Right ? As you
wish.
65
Allo mom ? Yeah, with Vladimir,
we'll be there.
You sound strange ?
Are you eating at
home tonight ?
Yeah... because
I've been crying
so much at the
city hall.
66
Chapter VII
The ancestors
Greece
67
Roj bas. !?
Yep !
Yeah, we're going to
the market for our
room, with Masî. You
want to come ?
And you
too ?
68
Kalimera !. One
kilo of pepper
please.
.Hello in greek
I'm not an
Arab !
Salamalekoum !
Hey,
Bijîsk ! Do you make meals per
room?
Mmmh ? Yeah, and sometimes
with other rooms. We're
lucky to have kitchens.
69
Since we're an illegal camp, neither the
state nor any humanitarian organization
is trying to help us in terms of our needs.
Which allows us to be freer because we
are independent.
No way !
70
whispering Haha ! What ?
Masî, Suna and Adar are siblings. Suna used to supervise a group. She's
twenty-
four, like
me.
Tchai ?
Erê spas !
71
She went to jail and was later
released, but the trial was still
in progress. She was the first to flee and to arrive
in the camp. The result of the trial came
a few days after she arrived here. She
received a nine year sentence.
Okay !
^
72
Hey Jade, I believe you're right. One ... it's annoying !
of the supervisors has got something
against us, he ignored me this morning
too... It's strange, he's the only one
who acts like that.
73
It's this way. They're going to
buy some drinks.
I think there's a
supervisor who holds
a grudge against us Oh, this guy ! Don't
for not eating with worry about him, he
him once. Jade and acts like a child. He
I are worried we've thinks he's using
done something social media when
wrong. he's being used by
them.
74
We chose him as a supervisor to force him
to be accountable, to be careful of what
he does or doesn't.
75
Then why don't you
take any steps towards
me?
Do you have to
leave tomorrow ?
Yes. I'll leave
very late at HaHaHa! You've
night. got a stone heart
!
76
Here they
come !
77
Sêr used to fight in the
international brigades, he's « My sister's
very strong and very kind. still there ! »
Wêneyê xwe nîsanî
wî bide !
« How is the
struggle in France ...
going ?»
There are some very interesting
and serious people, but only a
minority. Most are pacifists and
wonder who they'll vote for.
78
On the one hand they cheer Rosa Luxemburg,
Louise Michel, Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther
King etc
HAHAHA
HEHEHE
79
Chapter VIII
The lovers
France
80
I first came to the camp five years ago. Ahmet was the only one in all
the camp to speak english. He was also very charismatic. I wonder if all
the cadres are like that. Or perhaps is it the atmosphere of the camp:
mutual aid, generosity, the organization and the political consciousness
that create this aura.
81
When it became serious, he confessed the truth to
the camp supervisor, for the sake of honesty. So
they transfered him in another city, but he didn't
have any other problem.
82
83
We tried the best we could
to hide our anxiety. But
now, I think it was painted
on our faces.
Against all odds, we
managed to make it
through.
The next month, on the
same flight, a woman got
caught while helping a
minor to cross the border.
She was sentenced to two
years in jail.
84
Chapter IX
The dancers
Greece
85
Mamoste dîn !
Still drawing ?
86
Time is a burden. We can't do
anything because of our
illegality, we can't build
anything. I ran away and I
feel like a traitor because
some others continue to fight.
If I went to the
mountains and took
up arms, at least
I'd know what I'm
doing!
87
When will you At four a.m.
leave ? tonight
Come to the
You have a sunburn Mamoste clinic, I've got
Dîn ! You should put some some.
cream on !
88
Li bendê, ez mecburim
biçim tuwaletê !
Go !
Don't move.
It's up there.
89
90
Are you okay ?
What's wrong ? I'm sorry, I haven't really slept
for a week. It must be the
backlash, can I go to the clinic
to rest a little ?
91
I'm not hungry.
92
Not really, I feel
like shit.
Are you okay?
Are driving me to
destruction,
Now the world is empty
and neglected,
Oh god, oh god, oh god,
Oh my god, Oh god,
Oh god...
94
Come !
Everybody's dancing
outside.
We should join them!
95
The car is
waiting !
96
97
« There are three kinds of violence.
The first one, mother of all, is institutional violence, which legalizes and perpetuates dominations, oppressions and
man's exploitation, crushing and thrashing millions of people, with its silent well-oiled machinery.
The second one is revolutionary violence, which arises from the will to abolish the first one.
The third one is repressive violence, which purpose is to stifle the second one, helping and compliciting the first
one which is the one creating all the others.
There is no worse hypocrisy than declaring that the second one is the only violence, pretending to forget the
first one which starts the second and the third one which kills it. »
Helder Camara
99