APPLIED

RECOMBINANT
DNA
BOTANY
 BANANAS
• Bananas were domesticated over 7,000
years ago. Wild bananas usually contain
big, hard seeds and have a little amount
of flesh.

• Most of the genetic modification

methods commonly used in bananas
were developed in the 1990s,
including protoplast electroporation
particle bombardment and
Agrobacterium-mediated
transformation.
SOME OF THE
REASONS WHY
GM BANANAS
WAS CREATED
 SOME OF THE REASONS WHY
GM BANANAS WAS CREATED
❑ Lack of traditional breeding opportunities

❑ Different kinds of diseases that trigger and hinder

the growth of banana
 ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
▪ it increases its nutritional value and
with its genetically modified
enhancement against FOC-A
▪ decreases the usage of pesticides
▪ increased productivity on the
available arable land
▪ combating climate change through
abiotic stress tolerant plants
▪ allergic reactions that a new
gene can contribute into it
▪ the original plant would be
forgotten in history. With the
new genetically modified
bananas, the original gene of this
plant would then be erased.
▪ Toxicity
▪ Immuno-suppression
 Impacts of
01 GM Bananas
 Impacts of GM Bananas
❑ A field trial in Australia has shown that
genetically modified banana trees can resist the
deadly fungus that causes Panama disease,
which has devastated banana crops in Asia,
Africa, and Australia and is a major threat for
banana growers in the Americas.
RICE • In 2000, the first two GM rice varieties
both with herbicide-resistance, called
LLRice601 and LLRice62, were
approved in the United States.

❖ Later, these and other types

of herbicide-resistant GM rice
were approved in Canada,
Australia, Mexico and
Colombia.
GOLDEN RICE
A transgenic variety
of rice that is
engineered to
produce beta-
carotene and
prevent vitamin-A
deficiency
SOME OF THE
REASONS
WHY GM RICE
WAS
CREATED
 SOME OF THE REASONS WHY GOLDEN
RICE AND OTHER GM RICE WAS
CREATED
❑ offers a sustainable solution to reduce the prevalence of
vitamin A deficiency-related diseases and mortality, a
problem that affects the health of millions of children in all
developing countries

❑ to help the farmers in battling crops diseases and save

their crops without spending too much money on
pesticides
ADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
 ADVANTAGE

▪ Golden Rice can help in the fight against VAD, particularly among
the people who depend mostly on rice for nourishment

▪ Cheaper option to supply Vitamin-A requirement compared to

other supplementary measure.

▪ Sustainable option as once released for common cultivation can be

cultivated every growing season by farmer saved seeds, therefore
no need for yearly budgetary investment for distribution
ADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
 DISADVANTAGE
▪ May cause allergies or fail to perform desired effect

▪ These biofortified varieties may be involved in breeding and

therefore lead to contamination in the wild makeup genes

▪ Consumption of such varieties can be harmful in the long run

01 Impacts of
Golden Rice
 Impacts of Golden Rice

• GE 'Golden' rice is highly likely to contaminate non-GE

rice, if released to the environment. GE (Genetically
engineered) rice contamination will affect traditional,
conventional and organic rice farmers because they will
lose their markets, especially export markets, which
would negatively impact rural livelihoods.
SOYBEANS
• The Stars of Genetically Modified
Foods
• Are modified by means of
transgenics which is the process of
transferring genes (such as those
related to herbicide resistance)
from one organism to another.
Most GMO soybeans are used for
food for animals, predominantly
poultry and livestock, and making
soybean oil.
SOYBEANS
• Roundup Ready Soybeans (RR
soybeans) are genetically engineered
soybeans that have had their DNA
altered to allow them to withstand
the herbicide glyphosate (the active
ingredient in Monsanto's herbicide
Roundup). They are also known as
"glyphosate tolerant" soybeans.
SOME OF THE
REASONS WHY
ROUNDUP READY
SOYBEANS WAS
CREATED
 SOME OF THE REASONS WHY
ROUNDUP READY SOYBEANS WAS
CREATED
• These crops were developed to help farmers control weeds.
Because the new crops are resistant to Roundup, the
herbicide can be used in the fields to eliminate unwanted
foliage.

• Inserting specific genes into soybeans improves the plant by

making it stronger and more resistant to potential damage.
Importantly, this process does not hinder the plant’s
performance.
ADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
 ADVANTAGE
▪ Faster Growth
The modified soybeans
can grow for a longer
duration of time, making
them very profitable. This
would also, in turn, reduce
the price of soybeans
throughout the entire year.
▪ Resist Harsh Conditions
Modified soybeans can resist
harsh conditions like weed
killers and severe weather.
The modification will also
allow more of the harvest to
survive.
 ADVANTAGE
▪ Better Taste of Foods ▪ Improve the Stress Tolerance
Soybeans are one of the most The genetically modified
in-demand crops that are soybeans can also give you
used in a very wide variety of with stress tolerance like low
products. Many products temperature and drought. It
contain soy, which comes also helps to extend the
from soybeans, it is a great range to food production.
source of nutrition and
protein. It is also commonly
used in feed for livestock
animals.
 ADVANTAGE
▪ Production of Vaccines and Medicines
These soybeans have the ability to generate useful
vaccines and medicines that have the potential to treat
human diseases on a cost-effective manner. You can also
associate the genetically modified soybeans into your
diet to avoid the occurrence of harmful illnesses and
diseases.
ADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
 DISADVANTAGE
▪ Can cause Serious health issues, such as weakened
immune systems, precancerous cell growth, liver damage,
aberrant development of several bodily organs, sterility,
and early death, have been discovered as a result of
feeding genetically modified soybeans (and other GM
Foods) to lab animals.

▪ Just like the other genetically modified foods, its original

genetics will be erased, soon forgotten.
01 Impacts of
GMO Soybeans
 Impacts of GMO Soybeans
• Environment - Herbicide Resistance, Seed Contamination,
Risk Assessment

• Health and Safety – Allergies and Unsafe for consumption

CORN • Over the past century, corn has
evolved with the availability of
hybrid corn in the 1930s and the
planting of GM crops in the mid-
1990s.

• The physical appearance of corn

before GMO – or corn
before selective breeding – is the
same as corn after GMO. Its
appearance has not changed with
the development and increased
usage of GM corn.
CORN
Most GMO corn is created
to resist insect pests or
tolerate herbicides.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
corn is a GMO corn that
produces proteins that are
toxic to certain insect
pests but not to humans,
pets, livestock, or other
animals.
SOME OF THE
REASONS WHY
BT CORNS WAS
CREATED
 SOME OF THE REASONS WHY
BT CORNS WAS CREATED
• Bt corn is enhanced through biotechnology to protect
against insect pests.

• Bt corn can help producers keep crop loss at a minimum

and retain higher profit margins. It also saves producers the
time and money associated with scouting for pests and
spraying pesticides on infected crops.
ADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
 ADVANTAGE
▪ The advantage of genetically modified corn is
that it has a higher level of hardiness.

▪ Bt technology costs less than insecticides

▪ Available to all farms, no special equipment

▪ Biodegradable
ADVANTAGE
ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
 DISADVANTAGE
▪ Its potential to trigger allergies

▪ The pests might become resistant to the toxins

produced by these crops

▪ It can disrupt the natural process of gene flow

01 Impacts of
BT Corns
 Impacts of BT Corns

▪ on economic impact, Results showed that yield and income of Bt

corn farmers were significantly higher than those of the non-Bt
corn farmers

▪ expenditure on insecticide was significantly lower among Bt corn

farmers

▪ has revolutionized pest control and many farmers have benefited,

but some people remain skeptical of this new technology
THAT’S ALL THANK YOU!

GROUP 1 REPORTERS:
Kristjan Ivan Mickael Diva
Koureen Leigh C. Lato