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    37 views30 pages

    Untitled

    Uploaded by

    Titus Anagho

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    10 1 12 The sketch graph shows the points A (-3, 1) and B (2, 6). From the sketch, work out a the change in x b the change iny change in y © the gradient ofthis tine segment using oe Unit 6 Graphs B(2,6) A(-3.1) Work out the gradient of the line segment between each pair of points, a C(-2,3) and D (1, 5) Q7 hint Use the same method as Q6. Draw a sketch. b Et ,“1) and F (0, 4) For the same pairs of points as Q7, find the length of each line segment. Leave your answers in surd form. For the same pairs of points as Q7, find the midpoint of each line segment, 8 hint Sketch the line segment. Use Pythagoras’ theorem, @ .y) © 2,3) 9 hint Copy and complete the calculation to DU.) work out the coordinates of M, the midpoint ud.) ah Bee 2 2 Choosing from these equations, which pairs of lines are parallel? Qi0a hint Which lines have the same gradient? Look for the same value of min y= m+ c. Ay=2r-3 By=-x-1 Cy=-2e Q10b hint Your line must Dy=4-x Ey +5 Fy=2e+1 have the same gradient, but you can use any b Write the equation of another line parallel to each pair. Find the negative reciprocal of a4 bd © -10 a -2 Choosing from these equations, which pairs of lines are perpendicular? By=2r-1 Cy=-20+5 Ey=x+6 different value ofc. Q11 hint Find the reciprocal Then change the sign. 12 hint Which lines have gradients which are negative reciprocals? Look for one whole number and one fraction (with the same denominator as the whole number). One gradient needs to be positive and the ther needs to be negative. 19: 192 Unit 6 Graphs 13. Reasoning Thisis the graph of y = 34 +4 14 Reasoning a What is the gradient of any line parallel to y = 3x - 3? Q13 communication hint To ‘satisfy the " equation’ means ‘make the equation true. Substitute the x and y values into the equation - are both sides equal? a Which of these points are on this line? L(0,4) MG,6) N(-5,-10) P(-4,2) b Do the points L, M,N and P satisfy the equation? b_ Write the equation of a line parallel to y = 3x ~ 3 that goes through (-1, 7). (Q14b hint Substitute the given values of x and y, and the value of m you found in part a into y = mx +c, Solve to find c. Qida hint in the equation y = mx +c, ‘mis the gradient, Non-linear graphs Reasoning Enzo makes a table of values and plots the graph of y = a?-+ 2. 1 From the graph, which points do you think are incorrect? Ql hint Which points do not fit the shape of an 2? graph? Check if the points fit the ‘equation. Unit 6 Graphs 2 Reasoning Shona makes a table of values and plots the WI graph of y = 2-1. 30: From the graph, which points do you think are incorrect? 25. Q2a hint Which points do not fit the shape of an 2° graph? Now find the incorrect points in Shona’s table of values. x] -3]-2[-1]o [4 [2] 3 y|-26|-7|-2|-1] 0 [7 [-26| © Work out the correct values. 3 Reasoning Match the words to the graphs and the equations ° [eae] * ee] « a] * (Ee sy 5 C 3 hint Some words match more than one equation or graph Which two graphs are quadratic? Which is 27 Which is? Look back at lessons 6.6 and 6.7 to help you. D E F Do the same for cubic and reciprocal graphs, y y | [ees =] a & = Real-life graphs 1 Reasoning Frankie kicks a rugby ball for a conversion after a try. He kicks the ball from 6m in front of the goal posts. The graph shows the path followed by the Path followed by rugby ball rugby ball. YA Height (m) What type of graph is this? 6 Explain your answer. Qia hint Think about the shape of the graph. fe b What are the coordinates of the ‘maximum point? Qib hint Look carefully at the axes before you read the values. “6-4-2002 0 4 BF Distance (m) 193 194 Unit 6 Graphs ¢ What is the value of y when x = 2? d What is the value of a when y = 3.5? le hint Read the question © What do the negative values of x mean in this context? | again for a reminder. f Find the height of the ball as it goes past the posts. The bar on a rugby goal post is set at 3m. Assuming he kicked the ball straight at the goal, has the ball gome over the bar? 2 Reasoning Here are two vases. Vase 1 Vase 2 U A Q2a hint You could write aa sentence like The water level in this vase rises Use the words ‘faster’ or ‘slower’ to write sentences about 7 faster first, then slower’ hhow the water level in these vases changes as they fill up. b The graphs show the depth of water against time when water pours into the vases at a constant rate, Which graph matches which vase? 2b hint The steeper the graph, the faster the rise in water level. Graph A Graph B Time 3. Fimance The graph shows the profit made on the sales of light bulbs by the Like Bulbs company, The line goes thraugh the origin. Light bulb profits 16 10 Profit (2) 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Number of light bulbs sold a Copyand complete i 25 bulbs = £[_] profit ji £13 profit =] bulbs iii £[[) profit = 175 bulbs iv [_Jbulbs = £4.80 profit bb Describe the relationship between profit and the number of light bulbs sold Unit 6 Graphs Reasoning Without plotting the graphs, work out which of these functions a have the same y-intercept b have the same gradient. Ais the point (-1, 2).Bis the point (7,5). y Diagram NOT Find the coordinates of the BO. accurately drawn midpoint of AB. b Pis the point (-4, 1). Qis the point (1, -3). Find the gradient of PQ. ACL2)X Problem-solving Point L has coordinates (-1, -3). Point M has coordinates (5, 5). Point M is the midpoint of the line LN. ‘8 What are the coordinates of point N? b Whats the gradient of the line segment LN? Plant diversity at Discussion Do you need to work out the equation of the line? nature reserve STEM / Real A biologist conducts a study into plant ee) diversity in a nature reserve. eel For each plant, he records the average size of the seeds & 40 and the number of seeds on the plant. 5 35. His results are shown in the graph. $ 30. ‘The line of best fit has been drawn in for you. 8 25. se Write a formula that models the link between seed size and B29, number of seeds in this sample. Bis. Qé4 hint Find the equation of the line of best fit. § 10 5 % 7 3 3 Average size of seeds (mm) Problem-solving A,ecipe fr ratatouille uses aubergines and tomatoes inthe ratio 2:5. Write an equation showing the relationship between aubergies a and tomatoes, ° aria Cesare ator Plot the graph of the equation from @=0t0 a=10. | ratio. Both ses ofthe equation Find the gradient ofthe graph, must have the same value. Discussion What isthe meaning of the gradient in the context of the question? — 4 Hence or otherwise, work out the quantity | @5d communication hint ‘Hence or of aubergines needed ina recipe that uses | therwise tells you to use the information ae nae you've already worked out in the question, or any ather method you can think of. 195 196 Unit 6 Graphs 6 Reasoning Here are the cross-sections of three different concrete-transporter lorries, a b c A builder empties the lorries by pumping out the concrete from the bottom at a steady rate. Here are three sketch graphs showing the relationship between the depth of the concrete left in the lorry and the number of minutes since the pump was switched on. A B a a Sa a T a t a 7 Match each lorry with one graph 2 Communication Show that the equation xt -3x - 1 = 2x — 1 can be rewritten as a? 5x =0, b_ Find the equation of the straight line shown. Solve the equation x? - 54 =0. Q7c hint You can solve the equation 2 - 5x =0 by finding the intersection of the graph of y = x2 - 34-1 with the graph of a different straight line 2 Copyand complete this table of values for the equation y= 1-5, x[3al2 -05[-o1[o1[os| 1 | 2 [3 47 3[5 “19 03 b Draw the graph of y=1-Zfor-3< x <3. c Write the equations of the two asymptotes for this graph. Modelling A mobility scooter accelerates from rest at a constant rate of 1.2m/s*, The distance, s, covered by the scooter is given by the formula $=} at, where ais the acceleration in m/s? and ¢ is the time in seconds. a Drawa graph of the distance covered by the scooter for values of ¢ from 0 to 10 seconds, bb What is the distance covered after 4.5 seconds? «How many seconds does the scooter take to cover 40m? 10 11 12 13 14 Unit 6 Graphs Write the equation of a line 2 parallel to the line 3x + 5y = -10 parallel to the tine 2y ~ dar = 5, and which goes through the point (3,7) © perpendicular to the line &x + 6y = ~1, and which goes through the point (-2, 1). Problem-solving A rectangle is made using four straight lines on centimetre squared paper. Three of these lines are shown on the grid. The point (-4, 0) lies on the missing side. a Work out the equation of the missing side, Label the two missing comers y C(in quadrant 4) and D (in quadrant 3). (QL hint Make sure you Understand quadrant notation. 2}4 b- Work out the coordinates of comer D. © Work out the length of the diagonal BD. Give your answer to 1 d.p. Communication The point D (4, 4) lies on the line y = 3x - 5. Show that the point D also lies on the line y = 2 ~ 1 ABCD ram NOT isa square. ’ ges Q13 strategy hint You can and D are points on ty i and Da start by using the equation fe he y= -2t +6 10 work out isa point on the x-axis, ‘where A and D cut the axes. PAB is a straight line, ‘The equation of the line ‘that passes through the points A and Dis, ya-2r+6, Find the length of PD. , (4 marks) Now 2012, 023, IMAO/IH | Reasoning Match each equation with is proph, iysa-2 ii y=h y=2xe+5 iv y=x- VEL b_ Find the equation of the line of symmetry for each graph. 197 Unit 6 Graphs 15 Problem-solving Match each equation with Its graph. O15 hint To find the a yar bak +5 b yan + 22-3 yrintercept, substitute x = 0 c yada tarts doy sda? + 3x? A un 20 15 10: © Alinear equation generates a straight-line linear) graph. Mastery lesson 6.1 © The equation for a straight-line graph can be written as y = mx + ¢ where ‘mis the gradient and c is the y-intercept. © Parallel lines have the same gradient, To find the y-intercept of a graph, find the y-coordinate where x = 0. To find the 2-intercept of a graph, find the x-coordinate where y =0........ Mastery lesson 6.1 © To compare the gradients and y-intercepts of two straight lines, make sure their equations are in the form y = mx + c.. ; . © Ainear function has a graph that is a straight line. © Adistance-time graph represents a journey. © Straight lines mean constant speed © horizontal lines mean no movement Mastery lesson 6.1 sos Mastery lesson 6.1 Mastery lesson 6.1 Mastery lesson 62 j= t0tal distance total time © the gradient is the speed, since average spee otal distance total time Make sure your units match. . “The gradient of straight-line graph isthe rate of change, © Ona velocity-time graph © straight lines mean constant acceleration © horizontal lines mean no change in velocity (.e. travelling at a constant velocity) change in velocity ee © the area under a velocity-time graph is the distance travelled. » Average speed = Mastery lesson 6.3 Mastery lesson 6.3 © the gradient is the acceleration, since acceleratio 198 © Graph axes do not have to start at 2ero. A zigzag line \/— shows that values have been missed out. .. © When two quantities are in direct proportion © the graph isa straight line through the origin ‘© when one variable is multiplied by n, so is the other... © The coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment are ( 8 A 4 (yu) (ey) © When two lines are perpendicular, the product of the gradients is -1 When a graph has gradient m, a graph reread to it has gradient St... © Reciprocal functions are in the form € where kis a number. © A quadratic equation contains a term in x? but no higher power of z. ‘The graph of a quadratic equation Is a curved shape called a parabola. . | A quadratic graph has either @ minimum point or a maximum point where the graph turns. . ve © Aquadratic equation can have 0, 1 or2 solutions. . © cubic function contains a term in 2° but no higher power of x. Itcan also have terms in a? and a and number terms... © Acubic function can have 1, 2 oF 3 solutions. . pre © No correlation or weak corelation shows that there is no linear relationship between two quantities, because their graph is not close to a straight line. ‘When the points follow a curve, there may be a non-linear relationship between the quantities. ieccmnec © The equation of a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius ris 2? + y? = 72 In this unit, which was easier: Unit 6 Graphs Mastery lesson 6.4 Mastery lesson 6.4 Mastery lesson 6. Mastery lesson 6.5 Mastery lesson 6.7 Mastery lesson 6.6 Mastery lesson 6.6 Mastery lesson 6.6 Mastery lesson 6.7 Mastery lesson 6.7 Mastery lesson 6.8 Mastery lesson 6.8 a plotting and drawing graphs or ———b__reading and interpreting graphs? Copy and complete this sentence to explain why: find graphs easier, because ory 199 Unit 6 Graphs 1 On squared paper, draw the graph of y = 2x - 1 for -2 (CREE OME CONE 00) Time (minutes) Debbie had the faster average speed as her graph is steeper, AREA AND VOLUME Goods are packaged in shapes that stack easily on shelves, have space to show the name of the product and attractive pictures, and ate not easily knocked over. Packaging also needs to be cheap to produce, and should rot leave too much empty space around the item inside. A manufacturer can choose either a cylindrical box or a cuboid to package 4 tennis balls. Each tennis ball has a diameter of 6.5¢m. Work out the possible dimensions for each box Prior knowledge check Calculate an estimate for 5.2 x 4.4 x 18.9 When a=3,b=2and ¢=4, work out Round to 1 decimal place (1 d.p). a 4ac+ 2b 2 1 387 2.06 499 we pad Round to2 dp. Make x the subject of 9.402, 13.9834 az ncy Match each object to the amount of liquid ema ale Sketch a circle, Draw and label its centre, radius and diameter. =a Z a Sketch the net of this triangular prism. JuICeE| Label the lengths on your net. @) | : =) &) @ 3cm a” Copy and complete 52m=[Jem O Sem am=[_]mm om 0327 litres =[}mt Work out the surface area of the 2400ml = [litres prism, 203 fagis eas is vista van pabansveesiiebe’ebesn nen aPEEE gO Unit 7 Area and volume 1 10 2 Sketch the solid formed by thisnet. + Challenge 4om 13 These chocolate bars are packed into cuboid-shaped boxes for transport. 2om 2om _4om c | 6cm 3 ‘2om Zom| Zom z ‘Sketch how you could pack 6 of these bars ‘om to take up as litle room as possible. What size box do you need for 48 chocolate bars? ‘What other shapes of box could you use to transport them? Which shape box would be most practical? b Draw sketches to show its planes of symmetry. Calculate the volume of the solid 11 Work out the area of this parallelogram. 12 Work out the volume of this 3D Write your cea 6 2 ificant 6 figures (2 sf). 1 Work out the area and perimeter of each shape. a 6om b « 43cm 12em (2. Solve EE a 3x=12 b dr=6 c Ale +2)=28 204 _ Active Lean Homework, practice and support: Higher 7.1 Unit 7 Area and volume Questions in this unit are targeted at the steps indicated, 38 Work out the area and perimeter. b Work out the area, Ap 46mm 416mm 10m ‘1mm Hmm 5.5m 34mm 6m ‘52mm © Work out the shaded area. Give your answer to the nearest square mm. 720m ‘oaom Tem a Discussion How did you work out the area in part b? How else could you have done it? ‘Which way is most efficient? ‘This trapezium has parallel sides, a and b, and perpendicular height, h. o ‘Two trapezia put together make a parallelogram, with base (a + 6) and perpendicular height, a 6 Ly ‘Communication hint Trapezia is the plural of trapezium, 6 a ‘Area of 2 trapezia = base « perpendicular height = (a + b)h ‘rea of a trapezium = Ma + O)h il Calculate the areas of these trapezia. 7 Round your answers to 1 decimal place (1 dp) 28 hint Use the formule area = 31a + Bk where necessary. a | Bem b Sem ¢ 4d _2730n im, -ia | ..-- oan) 86m ——— 70 ai jem tom ‘45m 205 Unit 7 Area and volume [] 5 Calculate the area and perimeter of this isosceles trapezium, 180m tacm Q5 communication hint An isosceles trapezium has one line of symmetry, Its two sloping sides are equal. 28m Reflect How can you remember how to find the area of a trapezium? Here is a diagram of Fim’s garden. 2m O) Diagram NOT drawn accurately 9m ism im wants to cover his garden with grass seed to make a lawn, Grass seed is sold in bags. ‘There is enough grass seed in each bag to cover 20m? of garden. Each bag of grass seed costs £4.99, ‘Work out the least cost of putting grass seed on im’ garden. (4 marks) Nov 2012, 025, IMAO/LF 7 Problem-solving Gn - Here is the plan of a play area, Work out its area. a i 60m 25m Se The area of this trapezium is 96cm 150m ‘a Substitute the values of a, b and A into the formula h A=Ha+byh b ane get an equation com Solve to find h. 9 Problem-solving A trapezium has area 32cm?, < sper Anta and parallel sides 5.5cm and 10.5cm, Work out its height. Re eaoe This trapezium has area 7Om®. Find the length of the shorter parallel side. 2m 70-3(a+12)x7 ——__ | Substitute the values of hb and A into a 70 4 the formula A= Ha + d)h Ba10=4(a+12) = 2x10=20=4412 vide both sides by 7. lee Multiply both sides by 2 206 Unit 7 Area and volume [=] 10 Reasoning Find the missing lengths. EE a a b 2 Area - 35cm? ad fsa, / /a4m a 24m) [Sj] 11 Problem-solving One corner of a rectangular piece of paper is folded up to make this, EE) trapezium, Work out the area of the trapezium. —— > ton ~ Som 1 Round each number to the level of accuracy given. a 3567(1dp) 3206 (2s) —c- 8495 2d.) d 15721 Gsf) 2 Workout a i 10%0F25kg — ii, 10%less than 25kg —_ili_ 10% more than 25kg. Qzaii hint Subtract 10% of 25kg from 25kg. b i 5% of 40m ii S%lessthan 40m iii, 5% more than 40m 3a Explain why these two squares have the same area, ton] rom) ‘Tom omm b Work out the area of each square. © Copy and complete. tem? =[_]mmé To convert from cm? to mm, multiply by 100. To convert from mm? to cm, divide by 100. Active Leary Homework, practice and support: Higher 7.2 207 0] 208 Unit7 Area and volume 4 Reasoning a Sketch a square with side length 1m and a square with side length 100cm. b Copy and complete. im?=[_Jem? How do you convert from em? tom? 5 Convert a 250mmétocm? b 5.2métocmé © 7000¢m# tome d 34cmtomm? © 8.85m®to cm? f 1246mm? to cm? 8 037métomm? —h 2800000mm* to me 6 Calculate these areas. Sem 520m Area = [_]m? Area = [_]mm? ‘Area = [[]mm? © Reflect In part ¢, which was the easiest way to find the area in mm?? + Find the area in cm, then convert to mm® + Convert the lengths to mm, then find the area, f Reflect Which was the easiest way to find the area of part d in cm?? 1 hectare (ha) is the area of a square 100m by 100m. Tha = 100m x 100m = 10000m= 100m ‘Areas of land are measured in hectares. 400m Q5g hint Convert m? to cme then to mm, d 19m 35m area = [_] on? 7 Here is the plan of a playing field Work out the area of the field in hectares. 8 STEM /Problem-solving A farmer counts 2 wild oat plants in a 50cm by 50cm square of a field The whole field has area 20ha. Estimate the number of wild oat plants in the field, Q8 strategy hint Work out the area of the square in m®, How many of ‘these would fit in the field? {A 10% error interval means that a measurement could a PT] be up to 10% larger or smaller than the one given. 9A factory makes bolts 30mm long, with a 10% error interval. ‘2 Work out the largest and smallest possible lengths of the bolts. b Write the possible lengths as an inequality. [mm = length = mm 45k9 50kg Unit 7 Area and volume: 10 Sweets are packed in 20g bags, with a 5% error interval. Quo hint (]e-= mass < [Je Work out the possible masses of the bags of sweets. 11 Reasoning 2 Each measurement has been rounded to the nearest cm. Write its smallest possible value i 36cm ii 12cm b Each measurement has been rounded to 1 d.p. Write its smallest possible value. i 25cm ii 6.7kg Discussion What is the largest possible value that rounds down to 36cm? <>" ae ‘Measurements rounded to the nearest unit could be up to half a unit smaller or larger than the rounded value. The possible values of x that round to 3.4 to dp. are3.35

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