References

Akbar, T. A., Hassan, Q. K., Ishaq, S., Batool, M., Butt, H. J., & Jabbar, H. (2019). Investigative spatial
distribution and modelling of existing and future urban land changes and its impact on urbanization and
economy. Remote Sensing, 11(2), 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11020105
Al Garni, H. Z., & Awasthi, A. (2017). Solar PV power plant site selection using a GIS-AHP based approach with
application in Saudi Arabia. Applied energy, 206, 1225-
1240.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.024
Aly, A., Jensen, S. S., & Pedersen, A. B. (2017). Solar power potential of Tanzania: Identifying CSP and PV hot
spots through a GIS multicriteria decision making analysis. Renewable energy, 113, 159-
175.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.077
Amillo, A. G., Huld, T., & Müller, R. (2014). A new database of global and direct solar radiation using the eastern
meteosat satellite, models, and validation. Remote Sensing, 6(9), 8165-
8189.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6098165
Asakereh, A., Omid, M., Alimardani, R., & Sarmadian, F. (2014). Developing a GIS-based fuzzy AHP model for
selecting solar energy sites in Shodirwan region in Iran. International Journal of Advanced Science and
Technology, 68, 37-48.http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijast.2014.68.04
Bergin, M. H., Ghoroi, C., Dixit, D., Schauer, J. J., & Shindell, D. T. (2017). Large reductions in solar energy
production due to dust and particulate air pollution. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 4(8),
339-344. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00197
Beyer, H. G., Costanzo, C., & Heinemann, D. (1996). Modifications of the Heliosat procedure for irradiance
estimates from satellite images. Solar Energy, 56(3), 207-212.https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-
092X(95)00092-6
Bhushan C, Kumarankandath A, Goswami N. The state of concentrated solar power in India: A roadmap to
developing solar thermal technologies in India. Centre for Science and Environment. 2015.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.692.3968&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Carrión, J. A., Estrella, A. E., Dols, F. A., Toro, M. Z., Rodríguez, M., & Ridao, A. R. (2008). Environmental
decision-support systems for evaluating the carrying capacity of land areas: Optimal site selection for
grid-connected photovoltaic power plants. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 12(9), 2358-
2380.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.06.011
CERES Science Team 2017 CERES SYN1deg Ed4A data quality summary, dataset user guide, Available at:
https://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/data/(Accessed Apr 2021)
Charabi, Y., & Gastli, A. (2011). PV site suitability analysis using GIS-based spatial fuzzy multi-criteria
evaluation. Renewable Energy, 36(9), 2554-2561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.10.037
Christensen, M. W., Jones, W. K., & Stier, P. (2020). Aerosols enhance cloud lifetime and brightness along the
stratus-to-cumulus transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(30), 17591-
17598.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921231117
Deshmukh, R., Wu, G. C., Callaway, D. S., & Phadke, A. (2019). Geospatial and techno-economic analysis of
wind and solar resources in India. Renewable Energy, 134, 947-
960.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.11.073
Dey, S., & Di Girolamo, L. (2010). A climatology of aerosol optical and microphysical properties over the Indian
subcontinent from 9 years (2000–2008) of Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) data. Journal
of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 115(D15).https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013395
Didan K. MOD13C2 MODIS/Terra Vegetation Indices Monthly L3 Global 0.05 Deg CMG V006, 2015,
distributed by NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC, dataset user guide. Available at:
https://vip.arizona.edu/documents/MODIS/MODIS_VI_UsersGuide_June_2015_C6.pdf
Dijkstra, L.; Poelmann, H. A harmonized definition of cities and rural areas: The new degree of urbanization. Eur.
Comm. Urban Reg. Pol.2014, dataset user guide. Available at:
https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/work/2014_01_new_urban.pdf
Doelling, D. R., Loeb, N. G., Keyes, D. F., Nordeen, M. L., Morstad, D., Nguyen, C., ... & Sun, M. (2013).
Geostationary enhanced temporal interpolation for CERES flux products. Journal of Atmospheric and
Oceanic Technology, 30(6), 1072-1090.https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00136.1
Doelling, D. R., Sun, M., Nordeen, M. L., Haney, C. O., Keyes, D. F., & Mlynczak, P. E. (2016). Advances in
geostationary-derived longwave fluxes for the CERES synoptic (SYN1deg) product. Journal of
Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 33(3), 503-521. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-15-0147.1
Dong J, Feng TT, Yang YS, Ma Y. Macro-site selection of wind/solar hybrid power station based on ELECTRE-
II. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2014; 35:194–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.005
Doris E, Lopez A, Beckley D. Geospatial analysis of renewable energy technical potential on tribal lands. National
Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); 2013 Feb.
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/56641.pdf
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., ... & Zhao, B. (2017). The modern-
era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). Journal of climate,
30(14), 5419-5454.https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1
Ghose, D., Naskar, S., Sadeghzadeh, M., Assad, M. E. H., & Nabipour, N. (2020). Siting high solar potential areas
using Q-GIS in West Bengal, India. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 42,
100864.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100864
Ghosh, S., Dey, S., Ganguly, D., Roy, S. B., & Bali, K. (2022). Cleaner air would enhance India’s annual solar
energy production by 6–28 TWh. Environmental Research Letters, 17(5), 054007.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5d9a
2. Gilgen, H., Wild, M., & Ohmura, A. (1998). Means and trends of shortwave irradiance at the surface estimated
from global energy balance archive data. Journal of Climate, 11(8), 2042-
2061.https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011%3C2042:MATOSI%3E2.0.CO;2
Hernandez, R. R., Hoffacker, M. K., & Field, C. B. (2015). Efficient use of land to meet sustainable energy needs.
Nature Climate Change, 5(4), 353-358.https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2556
Hoogwijk MM. On the global and regional potential of renewable energy sources. Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht
University. 2004.
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/782/full.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Huld T, Müller R, Gracia-Amillo A, Pfeifroth U, Trentmann J. Surface solar radiation data set—Heliosat.
Meteosat-East (SARAH-E), dataset, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/JECD/SARAH_E/V001
Inamdar, A. K., & Guillevic, P. C. (2015). Net surface shortwave radiation from GOES imagery—Product
evaluation using ground-based measurements from SURFRAD. Remote Sensing, 7(8), 10788-
10814.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70810788
ISCCP definition of cloud types. available at: https://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/cloudtypes.html
Jain, A., Das, P., Yamujala, S., Bhakar, R., & Mathur, J. (2020). Resource potential and variability assessment of
solar and wind energy in India. Energy, 211, 118993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118993
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) Scheme/Documents, Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy, Government of India, 2013. Available at: http://164.100.94.214/scheme-documents
Jia, A., Jiang, B., Liang, S., Zhang, X., & Ma, H. (2016). Validation and spatiotemporal analysis of CERES surface
net radiation product. Remote Sensing, 8(2), 90.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8020090
Kaiser, D. P., & Qian, Y. (2002). Decreasing trends in sunshine duration over China for 1954–1998: indication of
increased haze pollution?. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(21), 38-
1.https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016057
Kale, P. G., & Tarai, R. (2016). Development of rasterized map using PVGIS for assessment of solar PV energy
potential of odisha. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 6(1), 61-73.
Kareemuddin, M. O. H. A. M. M. E. D., & Rusthum, S. (2016). Solar PV optimum site selection using remote
sensing data, gis and image processing techniques. IJITR, 4(2), 2812-2823.
Krämer, M., Müller, R., Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J., Brinkmann, J., Röth, E. P., ... & McKenna, D. S. (2003).
Intercomparison of stratospheric chemistry models under polar vortex conditions. Journal of atmospheric
chemistry, 45(1), 51-77.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024056026432
Lau, W. K., Kim, K. M., Hsu, C. N., & Holben, B. N. (2009). Possible influences of air pollution, dust-and
sandstorms on the Indian monsoon. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Bulletin, 58(1),
22.https://public.wmo.int/en/bulletin/possible-influences-air-pollution-dust-and-sandstorms-indian-
monsoon
Li, X., Mauzerall, D. L., & Bergin, M. H. (2020). Global reduction of solar power generation efficiency due to
aerosols and panel soiling. Nature Sustainability, 3(9), 720-727. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-
0553-2
Li, X., Wagner, F., Peng, W., Yang, J., & Mauzerall, D. L. (2017). Reduction of solar photovoltaic resources due
to air pollution in China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(45), 11867-11872.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711462114
3. Liepert, B. G. (2002). Observed reductions of surface solar radiation at sites in the United States and worldwide
from 1961 to 1990. Geophysical research letters, 29(10), 61-1.https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL014910
Lopez A, Roberts B, Heimiller D, Blair N, Porro G. US Renewable Energy Technical Potentials. A GIS-Based
Analysis. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); 2012 Jul.
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51946.pdf
Mahtta, R., Joshi, P. K., & Jindal, A. K. (2014). Solar power potential mapping in India using remote sensing
inputs and environmental parameters. Renewable energy, 71, 255-
262.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.05.037
Majumdar, D., & Pasqualetti, M. J. (2019). Analysis of land availability for utility-scale power plants and
assessment of solar photovoltaic development in the state of Arizona, USA. Renewable Energy, 134,
1213-1231.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.064
Mayer, B., & Kylling, A. (2005). The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations-description
and examples of use. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 5(7), 1855-1877.https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-
5-1855-2005
Merrouni, A. A., Amrani, A. I., & Mezrhab, A. (2017). Electricity production from large scale PV plants:
benchmarking the potential of Morocco against California, US. Energy Procedia, 119, 346-355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.118
Müller, B., Wild, M., Driesse, A., & Behrens, K. (2014). Rethinking solar resource assessments in the context of
global dimming and brightening. Solar Energy, 99, 272-282.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.11.013
Noorollahi, E., Fadai, D., Akbarpour Shirazi, M., & Ghodsipour, S. H. (2016). Land suitability analysis for solar
farms exploitation using GIS and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)—a case study of Iran.
Energies, 9(8), 643.https://doi.org/10.3390/en9080643
Norris, J. R., & Wild, M. (2007). Trends in aerosol radiative effects over Europe inferred from observed cloud
cover, solar “dimming,” and solar “brightening”. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,
112(D8).https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007794
Padma Kumari, B., Londhe, A. L., Daniel, S., & Jadhav, D. B. (2007). Observational evidence of solar dimming:
Offsetting surface warming over India. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(21).
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031133
Pandey, S. K., Vinoj, V., Landu, K., & Babu, S. S. (2017). Declining pre-monsoon dust loading over South Asia:
Signature of a changing regional climate. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-10.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-
017-16338-w
Peters, I. M., Karthik, S., Liu, H., Buonassisi, T., & Nobre, A. (2018). Urban haze and photovoltaics. Energy &
Environmental Science, 11(10), 3043-3054. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE01100A
Pinker, R. T., Zhang, B., & Dutton, E. G. (2005). Do satellites detect trends in surface solar radiation?. Science,
308(5723), 850-854.DOI: 10.1126/science.1103159
Platnick, S., P. Hubanks, K. Meyer, and M. D. King, 2015: MODIS Atmosphere L3 Monthly Product (08_L3).
NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Cente.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD08_M3.061
Qian, Y., Kaiser, D. P., Leung, L. R., & Xu, M. (2006). More frequent cloud‐free sky and less surface solar
radiation in China from 1955 to 2000. Geophysical Research Letters,
33(1).https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024586
Qiu, T., Wang, L., Lu, Y., Zhang, M., Qin, W., Wang, S., & Wang, L. (2022). Potential assessment of photovoltaic
power generation in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 154,
111900.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111900
Ramachandra, T. V., Jain, R., & Krishnadas, G. (2011). Hotspots of solar potential in India. Renewable and
sustainable energy reviews, 15(6), 3178-3186.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.04.007
 1. Ramanathan, V. A., & Ramana, M. V. (2005). Persistent, widespread, and strongly absorbing haze over
the Himalayan foothills and the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 162(8), 1609-
1626.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-005-2685-8
Ramanathan, V., Chung, C., Kim, D., Bettge, T., Buja, L., Kiehl, J. T., ... & Wild, M. (2005). Atmospheric brown
clouds: Impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle. Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences, 102(15), 5326-5333.https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0500656102
Randles CA, Da Silva AM, Buchard V, Colarco PR, Darmenov A, Govindaraju R, et al. The MERRA-2 aerosol
reanalysis, 1980 onward. Part I: System description and data assimilation evaluation. J. Clim.
2017;30(17):6823-50. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0609.1
Riihelä, A., Kallio, V., Devraj, S., Sharma, A., & Lindfors, A. V. (2018). Validation of the Sarah-e satellite-based
surface solar radiation estimates over India. Remote Sensing, 10(3),
392.https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10030392
Rutan, D. A., Kato, S., Doelling, D. R., Rose, F. G., Nguyen, L. T., Caldwell, T. E., & Loeb, N. G. (2015). CERES
synoptic product: Methodology and validation of surface radiant flux. Journal of Atmospheric and
Oceanic Technology, 32(6), 1121-1143.https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00165.1
Saaty TL. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. Int J Serv Sci. 2008;1(1):83-98.
https://www.rafikulislam.com/uploads/resourses/197245512559a37aadea6d.pdf
Sánchez-Lozano, J. M., Antunes, C. H., García-Cascales, M. S., & Dias, L. C. (2014). GIS-based photovoltaic
solar farms site selection using ELECTRE-TRI: Evaluating the case for Torre Pacheco, Murcia,
Southeast of Spain. Renewable Energy, 66, 478-494.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.038
Sánchez-Lozano, J. M., Teruel-Solano, J., Soto-Elvira, P. L., & García-Cascales, M. S. (2013). Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods for the evaluation of
solar farms locations: Case study in south-eastern Spain. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 24,
544-556.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.019
SARAH-E, Product User Manual (PUM) available at:
https://www.cmsaf.eu/SharedDocs/Literatur/document/2017/saf_cm_dwd_pum_sarah_e_1_0_1_pdf.pd
f?__blob=publicationFile
Shiraishi, K., Shirley, R. G., & Kammen, D. M. (2019). Geospatial multi-criteria analysis for identifying high
priority clean energy investment opportunities: A case study on land-use conflict in Bangladesh. Applied
Energy, 235, 1457-1467.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.123
Soni, V. K., Pandithurai, G., & Pai, D. S. (2012). Evaluation of long‐term changes of solar radiation in India.
International Journal of Climatology, 32(4), 540-551.https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2294
Soni, V. K., Pandithurai, G., & Pai, D. S. (2016). Is there a transition of solar radiation from dimming to
brightening over India?. Atmospheric research, 169, 209-
224.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.10.010
Stanhill, G., & Cohen, S. (2001). Global dimming: a review of the evidence for a widespread and significant
reduction in global radiation with discussion of its probable causes and possible agricultural
consequences. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 107(4), 255-278.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-
1923(00)00241-0
Streets, D. G., Wu, Y., & Chin, M. (2006). Two‐decadal aerosol trends as a likely explanation of the global
dimming/brightening transition. Geophysical Research Letters,
33(15).https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026471
Sweerts, B., Pfenninger, S., Yang, S., Folini, D., Van der Zwaan, B., & Wild, M. (2019). Estimation of losses in
solar energy production from air pollution in China since 1960 using surface radiation data. Nature
Energy, 4(8), 657-663. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-019-0412-4
Tahri, M., Hakdaoui, M., & Maanan, M. (2015). The evaluation of solar farm locations applying Geographic
Information System and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods: Case study in southern Morocco.
Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 51, 1354-1362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.054
Twomey, S. J. A. E. (1974). Pollution and the planetary albedo. Atmospheric Environment (1967), 8(12), 1251-
1256.https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(74)90004-3.
Uyan, M. (2013). GIS-based solar farms site selection using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in Karapinar region,
Konya/Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 11-
17.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.042
Van de Ven, D. J., Capellan-Peréz, I., Arto, I., Cazcarro, I., de Castro, C., Patel, P., & Gonzalez-Eguino, M.
(2021). The potential land requirements and related land use change emissions of solar energy. Scientific
reports, 11(1), 1-12.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82042-5
Wang, Y., Meng, Z., Lyu, R., Huang, G., He, Q., & Cheng, T. (2020). Spatiotemporal changes of surface solar
radiation: Implication for air pollution and rice yield in East China. Science of the Total Environment,
739, 140361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140361
Watson, J. J., & Hudson, M. D. (2015). Regional Scale wind farm and solar farm suitability assessment using
GIS-assisted multi-criteria evaluation. Landscape and urban planning, 138, 20-
31.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.001
Wild, M. (2012). Enlightening global dimming and brightening. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
93(1), 27-37.https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00074.1
4. Wild, M., Gilgen, H., Roesch, A., Ohmura, A., Long, C. N., Dutton, E. G., ... & Tsvetkov, A. (2005). From
dimming to brightening: Decadal changes in solar radiation at Earth's surface. Science, 308(5723), 847-
850. DOI: 10.1126/science.1103215
Wild, M., Trüssel, B., Ohmura, A., Long, C. N., König‐Langlo, G., Dutton, E. G., & Tsvetkov, A. (2009). Global
dimming and brightening: An update beyond 2000. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,
114(D10).https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011382
Yang, S., Zhou, Z., Yu, Y., & Wild, M. (2021). Cloud ‘shrinking’ and ‘optical thinning’ in the ‘dimming’ period
and a subsequent recovery in the ‘brightening’ period over China. Environmental Research Letters,
16(3), 034013.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abdf89
Yushchenko, A., De Bono, A., Chatenoux, B., Patel, M. K., & Ray, N. (2018). GIS-based assessment of
photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) generation potential in West Africa. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 2088-2103.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.021
Zhou, Z., Lin, A., Wang, L., Qin, W., Zhao, L., Sun, S., ... & Chen, F. (2021). Estimation of the losses in potential
concentrated solar thermal power electricity production due to air pollution in China. Science of the Total
Environment, 784, 147214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147214