JUSTICE

What's The Right Thing To Do?

[ ] ·
Michael J. Sandel
 ——

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Justice

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1 /

2 /

3 /

4 /

5 /

6 /

7 /

8 /

9 /

10 /
 1

2004 22
110

10,500 Charlie
Crist

just price

· Thomas Sowell

· Jeff Jacoby
welfare
1932

PTSD

2009

Tyler E. Boudreau
……

2008 09

2008
11
 2008 10

AIG
1,730 73

80%

90%
· Andrew Cuomo AIG

moral desert

Sherrod Brown
AIG AIG

2008 160
 2006 340 2007 330

Charles Grassley

2008

2008 09
2007 344
1980 42 1980

1,330 2004 06
660 150

2009

laissez-faire fairness
Trolley Problem
2005 6 Marcus Luttrell
 AK-47

11

……
 2

1884
Mignonette
 ·
Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832

utilily

Panopticon pan opticon

self-liberation account
 · Ursula K. Le Guin
The Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas
 …… ……
……
……

2000

1 4,700

1,275
 Pinto

11
180 180
20 67,000
4,950 1,250 Pinto 11 1 3,750

250 1 2,500
350 20

20
20

2003
370
230

1974 55
 65

20
154 10

65 55 154
600

· Edward Thorndike

1937
4,500
57,000
100,000
10,000
300,000

……
……
50
50

John Stuart Mill 1806-1873

· Harriet Taylor

1859
……

1861
 The Rationale of Reward
push-pin

……

vs
 1832

University College London

auto icon

·
 3

·
2008 570 500

155 27 13

1% 90% 10%
42% 71%

libertarianism
 1.

2.

3.

Friedrich A. Hayek 1899-1992 1960

Milton Friedman 1912-2006 1962

· Robert Nozick 1938-2002 1974

……
3,100

3,100
 30% 30%

……

3,100

100% 100%

1993
1993
 3,100

3,100
X …… X

8,000
 Dr. Jack Kevorkian 2007

130

2001 Rotenburg
Armin Meiwes
 4

1862 7

1,500

1863 3 300

300

1863 7

207,000 87,000 74,000 46,000

 21 22

1973

2007 9
80% 18%

1.
2.
3.

· Ron Paul
13
 30,850 57,836 10%
20% 66,329 25%
46% 18 24 6.5%

AWOL absent without leave

1956 750 450 2006
1,108 9 2%
Charles Rangel
2006

2004 70%

common good
 Peace Corps
AmeriCorps
Teach for America

David M. Kennedy

4%

1712-1778
1762

……
 civic goods

2007 7 18
16
 Blackwater Worldwide

2004 Fallujah

2007 17

Tenafly

· 1985 2 ·

· 7,500

1986 3
M

M
 ……

Tainted consent

M
 · Elizabeth Anderson

……

M · Melissa Sterne 2008

·
IVF
· Deborah Spar
 ……

2002
Anand
2008 3
4,500 7,500

2007 12 26 ·
25 4,500
 5

· John Locke 1632-1704

· Immanuel Kant 1724-1804

1724 Konigsberg
Pietist
16 31

1781
1785
1780
 1776 1789

pure
practical reason
 Obey your thirst

autonomy
heteronomy
VS

……
motives of inclination

Better Business Bureau

1997
1983 echolalia
 vs
vs
vs

scout for the desires

slave of the passions
 a priori

vs

imperative
hypothetical imperative
X Y
categorical imperative

categorical

maxim
 ……

……

VS
VS
VS
VS
Thomas Rowlandson
· Benjamin Constant 1767-1830

……

·
 ……

Bob Inglis Gregory Craig

sex
……

……

OK

……
 6

· John Rawls 1921-2002

1971
1787
Ken Griffey, Jr.

160

· David Hume 1711-1776

 James Boswell

P. S. Atiyah
……
 meritocracy

Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. ·

2081 ……

·
1.
2.
3.
4.

GDP
 ……

75 80%

vs

moral desert

……
 entitlements to legitimate expectations

……

· 43,000 3,100
· John Roberts 217,400
2,500
 ……

1980 · Milton Friedman

Free to Choose
……

1999
 7

· Cheryl Hopwood

affirmative action
AA double A

15%

1978 vs
2003
 SAT
SAT GRE
LSAT MCAT GMAT 1951
GRE · · GRE

SAT
 VS

……

· Ronald Dworkin
1977

SAT
 1946 · Heman Marion Sweatt
vs 1950

1964

1922
12%

5 6% 1945
 Starrett
City [Spring Creek Towers]

NAACP
legacy preference

development admits

10%
civic goods

Bloomingdales
 8

· Callie Smartt
 1. telos

2.

384-322

lacrosse
 teleological

· Itzhak
Perlman

A. A. Milne
 telos

telos

[congregationalist]
 …… ……

majoritarian

NATO NAFTA
WTO

Pericles
 Jack Benny

……

·
Judith Martin 1984

……
 1865 1920

……

J
 ·

· Casey Martin

PGA
PGA 1990

Arnold Palmer Jack

Nicklaus Ken Venturi

PGA
 John Paul Stevens

Antonin Scalia

PGA

PGA

PGA
Tom Kite

……
 9

1951 Konrad Adenauer

2000 Johannes Rau

2007

2002 Rabbit-Proof Fence

1931 1,200
1997
John Howard 2008

1988

1993

1989
 John Conyers
4%
2007

2008 1965
Crow Jim Crow Jim
Crow Laws

Henry Hyde

Walter E. Williams

2008
moral individualism
 the right the
good

……

1935
1944

Robert Nozick ……

1964
Barry Goldwater
 vs

communitarian

voluntarist
situated

· Alasdair MacIntyre 1929

1981 After Virtue
 · Henry Hyde

1945
 1984
Falashas

1991
 Laredo Juarez

250 198 113

……
 · Michael Walzer

……

Buy American

2009 7,870

Byron Dorgan

leakage
situated self
 Robert Lee

……

a
reflectively situated being

Bulger
brothers

1978-1996

1995

2001
 …… ……

Scot
Lehigh
2003
·

Unabomber

46 ·
54

1996

· ·
situated self
 10

1960 9 12

Theodore H. White
1960

2006 6 28

Frederick Douglass
 William Jennings Bryan
Dorothy Day

1971
Charles Taylor

1993
 · 1968

1980 Jerry Falwell

2004

……
telos
 2003
2008
2009

disestablishment

Michael Kinsley 2003

……
……

civil union
 · Margaret Marshall 2003
Goodridge v. Dept of Public Health

1992
Casey
 1968 ·
1968 3 18

·
……

2008
 habits of the heart

2008

2009 4
AmeriCorps

Gary
Becker

2008
 QQ
491256034 id d716-716
www.ireadweek.com QQ
550338315
 Carnegie Corporation
Vartan Gregorian Patricia
Rosenfield Heather McKay

FSG Jonathan Galassi Paul Elie Jeff Seroy

Laurel Cook Esther Newberg

Adam Aaron

Kiku
 2002
MIT OCW

YouTube.Edu Academic Earth iTune U

Walter Lewin
Marian Diamond

WGBH
HD

Moral Reasoning 22: JUSTICE 24

50 55 WGBH 2005-06
2007 2009 YouTube
YouTube
NHK BBC EBS

www.justiceharvard.org

YouTube

YouTube
YouTube

YouTube YouTube
· ·
YouTube
 ID d716-716

491256034

www.ireadweek.com QQ
550338315

120

1 25 25

2 20 100

3 10

4 25

5 20

6 100

7 30 30

8 20

9 7
10 80 30

……
 Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?
by Michael J. Sandel
Copyright © 2009 by Michael J. Sandel
Chinese Complex Edition © 2011 by Ars Longa Press
Published by arrangement with International Creative Management,
Inc.
Through Bardon-Chinese Media Agency, Taiwan
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

For Kiku, with love

Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?

· Michael J. Sandel

978-986-82712-6-5
2011/03
 Table of Contents

Trolley Problem

2
·

·
3

VS
 vs

vs

8
 ·
9

vs

10

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