Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C

Candidate number:5105

This assignment will focus on how I will provide support to two different individuals using
different skills, principles and values. These individuals are Valerie and Aisha.

Valerie is 24 years old; she is obese, and she is a vegetarian. She has had a surgery for her
appendix, and she doesn’t want to go to her home because she’s being bullied by
teenagers, to help her she will need a dietician to control her obesity and a psychiatrist since
she has mental health problems which began when her parents died when she was 6 years
old. She also has a hearing impairment.

Aisha is 82 years old; she has vascular dementia which needs treatment since there is not
cure but can be controlled, however she practises Buddhism and some of them does not
accept medication. She has developed incontinence and sleepwalks. She has no family.

Equality, Diversity and Discrimination

Equality in health and social care sector means that everyone has an equal access to the
services they need to meet their personal needs regardless of where they live or how they
live their lives. This needs to be promoted in health and social care settings because as a
doctor you should know and respect the beliefs, religion and ethnicity of your patients such
as Aisha who practises Buddhism. Most Buddhists are willing to seek medical help and
advice when sick. Other Buddhists will be wary and will wish to know the effects of any drug
that alters their emotional state or clarity of mind. (1) However, they usually accept
prescribed medication that may be intoxicating but also heals and reduces suffering, but
other may not be willing to take any medication and may prefer alternative health remedies.
This will apply to Aisha who may take the medication prescribed by her doctor or she may
not want it so her doctor should respect this. This will ensure equality because she will have
access to this support at any time. On the other side Valerie will also have the same access
to any support that she will need such as having access to any support and planning a
vegetarian diet which will help her to follow a healthier lifestyle. Equality is important for
Aisha and Valerie because in that way they may be more willing to ask for help and to open
up as their preferences are being considered.

Diversity is a variety or range of differences within society. We need to value this because is
a way to respect and value the cultures and beliefs of others. For example, Aisha who
practises Buddhism may be treated differently because other people may feel against it and
therefore, she may be discriminated, so for this not happening diversity is promoted in health
and social care settings by teaching the staff different cultures and beliefs so they will have
knowledge of the different beliefs and culture within society and what should they do to
respect them. This will avoid any type of discrimination which could lead to mental health
issues such as depression and anxiety. Diversity is important to Aisha and Valerie because
they will feel respected and valued.
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105

Discrimination is when someone has an unreasonable feeling of against a person or a group

of people. This could be because of different reasons such as gender, disability, religion,
ethnicity, age or sexuality. There are different types of discrimination, these are unfair
discrimination which is when someone is treated unfairly compared to others. Direct
discrimination is when someone is rude, hostile or offensive to someone because they are
seen as different. Indirect discrimination is when someone is being ignored but appears
supportive towards someone. Positive discrimination is when a decision is made in a
person’s favour because there is something different about them. It is important to prevent
discrimination because it protects rights, ensures that everyone receives a service of equal
quality meeting their needs, it ensures access to service and prevents them not seeking
help, it gives them a voice, reduces mental health issues, prevents them living in fear of
others, injury and even death, it also protects them from abuse and their self-esteem. This
applies to Valerie’s case because she is obese and she’s being bullied by teenagers which
led to low self-esteem. Health and social care settings can prevent discrimination by
celebrating different cultures and festivals, educating individuals, providing support
(advocates, translators, interpreters, etc), access (ramps, lifts, wheelchair access, etc), and
diet (meet religious needs, cultural preferences and choice). For example, Valerie and Aisha
will be able to use and advocate which is someone who speaks on behalf of others. They
may need this because they might feel that they are not being heard or they are not taken
seriously.

Promoting these anti-discriminatory practices will teach people different cultures and beliefs
which will help them to have knowledge of these and respect them. For example, the impact
of preventing discrimination for Valerie ad Aisha is that they may want to say what they need
and their worries as they will not feel scared of being judged. However, some members of
staff may be against with some of the beliefs which could lead to any type of discrimination
and as a result Aisha and Valerie may suffer from anxiety and depression.

The 6Cs

The 6Cs which are the six values or behaviours essential to provide a good quality of care to
service users. These values are Care, Compassion, Competence, Communication, Courage
and Commitment. Care means looking after and providing for the needs of a person.
Compassion is the awareness of the needs of others and the desire to help them.
Competence is the ability to understand a person’s needs, combined with the expertise and
knowledge to deliver effective care to meet those needs. Communication is the exchange of
information between two or more people that help to provide care and support. Courage is
the personal strength and vision to do the right thing for the people being cared for.
Commitment is the determination to improve care and meet the needs of people.
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105

For Valerie I would use Compassion since she doesn’t want to go home due to the bullying
and staff should understand her situation, this could be shown by having a meeting with her
and making her choose if she wants to move to a care home so she will be more
comfortable as the bullying will stop. For this I would also use Communication since she will
need to talk about her problems with the counsellor for her to feel better with herself. This
will help the counsellor to know what worries her and how they can support her with her GP
and nutritionist. If they work together, they will be able to notice any changes and provide the
support she needs.

On the other side, for Aisha I would use is Care because due to her dementia she will need
a care worker due to her inability to cook for herself. I would also use Courage because in
that way staff should speak up if they have any idea to help Aisha so she will be more
comfortable.

Key people skills

Two key people skills I would need with Valerie is problem solving because she may need
help with other things such as going out, this may be because she fears her bullies who
might be outside or scared of people judging her because of her appearance, so to solve this
I would provide her a counsellor who can help her face this fear. Another people skill I would
need is engendering trust which is the ability to get people to trust you, this will help her to
know that the staff will always support her and provide her personal needs.

On the other side, two key people skills that I would need with Aisha is patience which is the
capacity to accept or tolerate problems without becoming annoyed or anxious. This will help
Aisha to feel comfortable with the staff and trust them. Another key people skill I would use
with Aisha is empathy which is the ability to share and understand the emotions of others.
This could help Aisha to build a relationship with her service providers as she will be feeling
valued since they will be providing the necessary support and listening what she has to say.

Communication skills
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
One communication skill that I would use with Valerie is active listening and responding. You
can show that you are listening through your body language (yawning), facial expressions
(scared), and eye contact. The process of active listening and responding involves allowing
the person who is talking time to explain, not interrupting, giving encouragement by smiling,
nodding and making encouraging remarks such as 'Really?' and 'Oh yes', asking questions
for clarification, showing empathy by making comments, looking interested by maintaining
eye contact, not being distracted by anything else, and summarising to check that you have
understood what has been said. This will help Valerie to trust others as they will help her to
solve her problems and encourage her to talk about it. For example, staff can give her
advices and cheer her up when she feels sad. By listening to Valerie about what worries her,
and her insecurities which will help her to realise that you want to listen to her and hear what
she’s feeling, this shows her respect and will help her to trust that you will listen to what she
has to say and take it seriously. This means she is more likely to open up to you. This will
also help to build a relationship as she will know that her carer will always listen to what she
needs. Using this communication skill with Valerie will help her service providers to make her
trust them and avoid any aggressive outburst as they will be able to calm her.

On the other hand, a communication skill I would use with Aisha is the tone of voice. This will
help her to trust others. For example, her carer will need to speak with her about the
medication she needs to take but due to her beliefs she may not want to take them. Her
carer will need to use a calm and quiet tone of voice so that Aisha will think that you are
being friendly, kind and are interested in what you are saying. By speaking with her in the
right tone of voice about her medication may persuade her to take it as she may think she
has someone who cares about her. This means she is more likely to open up to you since
she thinks she can trust you. This will benefit the service provider and Aisha as the service
provider would form a relationship with her and Aisha will take her medication and will know
that someone cares about her wellbeing which will make her feel valued.

Observation skills

One observation skill I would use with Valerie and Aisha is observing changes in an
individual’s condition. Since one of the roles of a carer is to be alert to changes in patients’
conditions and the implication of this in terms of care. This will help them to feel secure
because they have someone who will take care of them and will be checking if there is any
problem with their health. For example, Valerie may have anxiety due to her low self-esteem
and will need help to calm down. While Aisha who has vascular dementia may present new
symptoms such as mood changes, this will be difficult to manage because she needs
someone who can trust to calm her down but if she doesn’t, she may present an aggressive
behaviour towards everyone.
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
These skills will help to form a bond between a member of staff and their patients. This
means that dealing with difficult situation such as an aggressive outburst or an anxiety attack
may be easier to handle. Bowlby argued that forming an attachment with a caregiver means
that the service user will feel secure and loved. Whereas if a service user doesn’t trust their
caregiver this will lead to behavioural issues, manipulative behaviour and a lack of ability to
receive affection. This means that it will be harder to deal with difficult situations.

Empathy theories

Being able to empathise (capacity to share emotions with others) is also a good skill that
could help to form a bond between a caregiver and a service user. Two empathy theories I
would use with Valerie are Robert Vischer and Martin Hoffman theories. Robert Vischer
invented the term of empathy which referred to when you imagine yourself as being one with
a piece of art and feel the emotions that the artist tried to reproduce (Billingham, Davenport
and Haworth, 2016) (2). This could be used with Valerie because you may imagine yourself
in her situation each time she feels insecure or has a problem. Using active listening with
Valerie will help her to know that her caregiver will always listen to her and provide her the
right support which will also reinforce their relationship. On the other hand, Martin Hoffman
based his theory on social and emotional development. Our moral development includes our
principles, how we behave and our sense of right or wrong. This could be used with Valerie
since she doesn’t know why being obese is bad for her health so her carer will need to
explain to her how obesity impacts health. This could be shown by using a calm and quiet
tone of voice which will help her to trust her caregiver.

On the other hand, I would use Robert Vischer and Max Scheler. Rober Vischer theory could
be used with Aisha because staff should know how it would feel not trusting anyone and not
having anyone by her side, such as family and friends. This could be shown by using active
listening which involves facial expressions suggesting that you are paying attention to
someone. Max Scheler says that we can’t feel the bodily feelings of another person, but we
can perceive them, such as the joy in a smile. By using this theory with Aisha will lead to
solving problems in a better way, for example, she may not trust anyone and may present an
aggressive behaviour which anyone would notice that she is scared that they could hurt her
even though they want to help her. This could be shown by showing facial expressions which
will help Aisha to understand that her carers only want the best for her which will lead to
building a relationship as she will start to trust her carers since she will know that they will
listen to what she needs to say and provide support if needed.

The triangle of care

Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
The Triangle of Care is used in mental health care and is a three-way partnership between
the service user, the service provider and the carer, each of them being able to contribute
their views and influence care and treatment decisions. This could be used with Valerie and
Aisha because I would need both to trust me as their carer since I will be always giving the
necessary support they need. This could be used by having meetings with them and listen to
what they want which will make them feel valued as someone wants to listen to what they
have to say and will be involved as they will have to make decisions about their own health
and what will benefit them more.

Ethical theories and guidances

Being ethical means to respect the values and principles that underpin practice, but ethics
involves facing moral questions such as whether to prolong life against the wishes of a
terminally ill patient. Is really important to be ethical because you will have to deal with right
and wrong behaviour.

One ethical theory that I would use with Valerie is Deontology which says that you should
stick to your obligations and duties to a person or society when making a decision because it
is ethically correct. This theory may be used since Valerie is obese and the ethically correct
thing to do would be to make her lose weight due to the impact it will have on her life. This
will benefit her as she will have a healthier lifestyle such as doing sports and having a diet
that she is required to follow every day to maintain a good health. As her carer I would help
her to maintain this diet so I will make sure she is eating what she is being told and following
her exercise routine. This would also empower her to make her own decisions which will
help her to be independent. However, if this theory affects negatively to her, for example, if
she doesn’t trust her carer then she may reject the diet she is required to follow and may be
aggressive if her carer forces her to do it which will lead to a bad relationship between
Valerie and her carer and to avoid this I would talk to her using a calm tone of voice in a
comfortable environment for the meeting and giving her enough time to explain why she is
behaving in that way. This will help her to understand that it is necessary to be healthier and
I would also provide her another carer who has more patience if this situation occurs again.
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
Two legislations that would apply to Valerie are the Humans Rights Act 1998 which means
that public organisations must treat everyone equally, with fairness, respect and dignity. It
also gives everyone the right to defend their rights in the UK courts, sets out fundamental
rights and freedoms. The other legislation is the Care Act 2014 which aims to give clearer,
fairer carer and support for the physical, mental and emotional wellbeing for both the service
user and service provider and speeds up the provision of care and support needed. This
legislation will help her to get a high quality of care as she will get the right support faster
and will help the service providers as they will get a good feedback. Two organisations that
links to these legislations are the Department of Health and the National Institute of
Excellence (NICE). The first organisation mentioned before would help because it helps
people to live better for longer and creates national policies and legislations to protect people
and staff. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence provides national guidance and
advice to improve health and social care in England and their role is to improve outcomes for
people using the NHS and other public health and social care services. This organisation will
help as it promotes healthier lifestyles which is something that Valerie needs.

Some guidance that could be linked to Valerie is the DH Decision Support Tool which is used
in the NHS to provide extra support from a healthcare setting (Billingham, Davenport and
Haworth, 2016) (2). There are 12 areas of need that are scored from no needs, low needs,
moderate, high and severe. These domains are behaviour, cognition, psychological and
emotional, communication, mobility, nutrition, continence, skin, breathing, drug therapies and
medication, altered states of consciousness and other significant care needs. Some of these
could be applied to Valerie’s case, such as cognition, communication, psychological and
emotional, nutrition and breathing. First, cognition which considers whether the individual
has any cognitive impairment and what could be done to help them, and since Valerie has a
hearing impairment this domain could be applied to her because she may need help if there
is any danger like a fire and she is alone in her home but doesn’t hear what’s going on
around her, then she may need a carer who can help her in this situation. Communication
will be difficult for her because of her hearing impairment so she may need an advocate.
Psychological and emotional which considers what emotional and psychological needs she
needs and how they can contribute with her care overall, for examples, Valerie has low
self-esteem and mental health problems which could affect her care as she doesn’t want to
go home now that her wound is healing due to the bullying which could lead to having
anxiety and depression meaning that If she goes home she may not want to go outside and
may suffer from constant anxiety attacks everyday which affects her health. Nutrition is
another domain which could be applied in Valerie’s case because she is vegetarian and due
to this, she may not be taking the necessary nutrients that her body needs such as B12
vitamin which is obtained in meat and other product of animal origin, although there are
vegetables that also provide this vitamin, the solution for this is to create a diet plan for her to
follow so we will make sure she is having a good diet which provides the necessary
nutrients. The last domain I would apply is breathing which affects her due to her obesity and
makes it difficult to breathe, this may require an inhaler or nebuliser which does not have any
impact on daily living activities. This guidance will help the service provider to know what
support she needs and provide them once the assessment is done.
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
Another guidance I would use with Valerie is the NICE and NHS guidance on care pathways
and care plans which would help her to follow a healthier lifestyle. These pathways are
developed by multi-disciplinary teams, and they identify who carries out key parts of the
treatment, such as a dietician to help her to create a diet, a carer for her hearing impairment
and a psychiatrist for her mental health problems. These plans will help her to tackle her
obesity and her mental health problems. This will help Valerie to get the correct health
professionals which will help her to cover all her health problems and follow a healthier
lifestyle and keep her safe.

I chose this two guidance to support Valerie because it will cover all her needs as it will
provide support for her hearing impairment, mental health problems and her obesity.

One ethical theory I would use with Aisha is Principlism which uses four key ethical
practices, these are autonomy which means respecting the decision-making capabilities of
service users by enabling them to make independent, reasoned and informed choices about
her own care. Beneficence which means balancing benefits of treatment against the risks
and costs. Non-maleficence which means not doing harm. Justice which means being
morally right and fair. The aim of this theory is to bring together the elements of the other
theories that match with most social, individuals or religious belief system. This theory may
be used with Aisha due to her dementia she is not able to make decisions and lacks of
independence as she has shown serious symptoms of her vascular dementia, and as her
carer I would recommend her to go to a care home where she will be supervised 24 hours to
help her with daily life tasks. Principlism theory would play an important role in making this
decision for Aisha as she is not able to live alone anymore due to her condition and
considering her situation it will be correct to put her into a care home. Two legislations that I
would apply with Aisha is the Mental Capacity Act and Equality Act. The Mental Capacity Act
2005 is designed to protect and empower people aged 16 and over who may lack the mental
capacity to make decisions for themselves about their care and treatment and provides help
to those individuals to make decisions. Applying this Act will play an important role in making
a decision for Aisha as she is not able to do it for herself due to her vascular dementia. The
Equality Act protects people from discrimination in the workplace and in wider society
ensuring that everyone is treated the same way and sets out ways in which is unlawful to
treat someone. This will protect Aisha from being left out if she has aggressive outbursts due
to not trusting her carers and receiving the care she needs. The organisations which
reinforces these legislations are the Department of Health who are the ones who create
legislations and policies to protect service users, and National Health Service which would
support her by giving her the same access as other people which reinforces the idea of not
being discriminated.
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
One guidance that could be linked to Aisha is the DH Decision Support Tool. As explained
before is used by the NHS and there are 12 areas of need: behaviour, cognition,
psychological and emotional, communication, mobility, nutrition, continence, skin, breathing,
drug therapies and medication, altered states of consciousness and other significant care
needs. Some of these could be applied to Aisha’s case, such as nutrition, breathing,
communication, cognition, behaviour, drug therapies and medication, and continence.
Nutrition is one of the domains which could be considered moderate because when she was
living alone she didn’t have food which could lead to malnutrition, this can be avoided by
giving a her a diet which provides the necessary nutrients. Breathing which affects her as
she has had a bout of pneumonia which means that she is likely to have another one unless
she takes the right treatment to control it, such as using inhalers. Communication may be
difficult for her due to her vascular dementia which deteriorates the ability to process so she
may need an advocate. Cognition will be affected because vascular dementia is caused by
reduced blood flow to the brain which damages and then kills cells (3) so to tackle this a
carer must be with her so she won’t forget anything such as her medication. Behaviour,
which is one symptoms of vascular dementia, this could mean that she may present
aggressive outburst if she doesn’t trust anyone. Drug therapies and medication will need
supervision as she is likely to forget what he needs to take and when. The last domain is
continence which is the continence needs of an individual such as Aisha who has developed
incontinence and needs constant changing by her carer. This will help the service provider to
make the decision that she must go to a care home as she is not able to live by herself
anymore.

Another guidance that I would apply is the guidance for Clinical Commissioning Group which
manages conflict. This guidance was put to help CCGs manage the risk of loss of
confidence in their decisions and the risk of integrity of clinicians. This guidance would help
both the service user (Aisha) and the carer as they will be able to help to make decisions for
the service user and help them to follow a better lifestyle.

I chose this two guidance because it will give her an efficient service as it covers all her
issues from breathing problems to malnutrition and pneumonia.

Challenges and strategies

Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
Valerie faces three challenges, these are acceptance and belief challenges, motivational
challenges and communication challenges. For acceptance and belief challenges, this is
when someone due to their beliefs they reject medication or treatment or they do not accept
there is an issue, for example, Valerie may not want to accept that being obese is bad for her
health and may not want to diet because she doesn’t know what risks she could go through
due to her obesity. Motivational challenges is when an individual has no motivation to do
something for their health, this is linked to acceptance and belief challenges since she
doesn’t want to accept that she is obese and affecting her health then she won’t find
motivation to lose weight. These challenges can be overcome by using educational
information materials which contains a lot of advice on how to live healthily, since Valerie is
able to use her computer or phone her carer must encourage her to read about being obese
and the different ways to lose weight. Communication challenges is when someone has a
hearing impairment or sight loss which difficult them to communicate, for example, Valerie
who has a hearing impairment may not be able say what she wants or needs. A strategy to
overcome this challenge is training courses which are available to help people with care and
support needs, this will help Valerie as her carer may take this training course related to her
hearing impairment so her carer may be able to provide her a good quality of care.

These challenges can be identified by observing which is an important skill because it helps
you to identify problems quickly and can be tackled before they get worse, for example,
Valerie who has lost her parents when she was 6 years old and is being bullied, then she
might start hurt herself due to her low self-esteem and if her carer notices this then her carer
will be able to support her by providing her a counsellor.

One communication approach which can be used with Valerie is cognitive communication
which is the process used to produce meaningful speech. Besides the ability to form words
with your mouth, there are other skills involved such as memory and recall, attention,
listening, comprehension and problem-solving (4). This will help her because she will think
that she has someone who is supporting her and may not feel alone anymore as they will
help her and listen to what she needs. On the other side, it will be easier for her carer to
understand her worries.

Another communication approach is social communication which studies individuals in a

social context. This will help her as it uses real-life situations when studying behaviour
(Billingham, Davenport and Haworth, 2016)(2). This will help her as she may feel
comfortable and may start to trust her carer since she is taking her time to say what she
wants.
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
Aisha faces five challenges, these are awareness and knowledge, practical challenges, skills
challenges, acceptance and belief challenges and communication challenges. For
awareness and knowledge, which is when an individual may not be aware of what help is
available and how they can afford it. Practical challenges is when an individual can’t take
care of themselves, such as cooking which is something that Aisha struggles. Skills
challenges is when nan individual lacks ICT skills and therefore they can’t find help, this
applies to Aisha because she doesn’t have these skills. These challenges can be overcome
by using computer-aided advice systems which will be useful for the service provider to offer
a better service to Aisha as her carer will be aware of how to provide the right support
considering her vascular dementia and her lack of knowledge to use a computer or a phone.
Acceptance and belief challenges is when someone does not see the issue of their condition
or due to their religion or culture may reject a certain medication such as Aisha who
practises Buddhism and some of them may prefer to take an alternative health remedy. For
this challenge I would use a opinion leader who is a well-known individual or organisation
that has the ability to influence public opinion. This could be used with Aisha as the opinion
leader can influence her to take the medication. Communication challenges links to Aisha
due to her vascular dementia which deteriorates her ability to process information. These
challenges can be identified by talking to Aisha informally so she can feel comfortable
around you and may tell you what bother her which will be useful to provide any extra
support so she can get the best service. A strategy that I would use to overcome this
challenge is taking training courses which will help her carer to be aware of all the symptoms
of her vascular dementia and how to control it.

One communication approach that can be used with Aisha is psychoanalytical

communication which interprets what the person says and does based on their human
behaviour. This can be effective as it helps service providers to understand the behaviour of
the service user such as Aisha who may act aggressively to everyone because she may
think they are going to hurt her.

I would also use behavioural communication with Aisha which is a psychological construct
that addresses people’s use of behaviours as a form of communication (5). This is effective
as easy to understand and is natural as we use it everyday. This will help both the service
provider and Aisha because in that way the service provider would be able to help her in an
effective way and Aisha will have someone to trust as her carer will understand her.

Personalisation and national eligibility criteria

Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
Personalisation is when an individual depending on their needs can set their own goals and
have choice and control over their care and support (Billingham, Davenport and Haworth,
2016)(2). It is important to do this because in that way service users can have control over
how some of their money is spent. For example, Valerie meets the national eligibility criteria
because she will be social isolated since she doesn’t have any family or friend who can take
care of her and needs a job so she can pay for her own needs once she is fully recovered. I
would provide her a care worker to help her with her needs, as dietician to help her with her
diet and a psychiatrist for her mental health problems. This will involve her because she
needs to make decisions for her own such as thinking if she can pay for any other support
and if this will affect her positively.

On the other side, Aisha meets the national eligibility criteria because she has developed
incontinence which needs constant changing and she doesn’t eat which affects her health. I
would provide her a dietician because when she was living alone she didn’t eat, and a
neurologist for her vascular dementia. This involves her as she will need to decide whether
she will take the medication and if she has enough money to pay for any other support that
she will need.

The benefits of having this level of personalisation is that the service users will enjoy their
rights as individuals and will make them feel independent as they will be involved in their
own health (2). It will set specific goal for them such as getting a job and recovering from a
surgery and controlling mental health problems to be independent (Valerie), and Aisha will
be able to have someone who will take care of her until she dies. It will also involve the
decisions of each individual about their own health which will meet their needs.

It will be ethical to apply the Health Action Plans for Aisha and Valerie as this will involve
them with their care meaning that they will feel independent even though they may feel
worthless because they don’t have anyone and can’t take care of themselves. These plans
will make them follow a healthier lifestyle.

References

(1) Waht.nhs.uk. 2021. Buddhism. [online] Available at:

<http://www.waht.nhs.uk/en-GB/Our-Services1/Non-Clinical-Services1/Chapel/Faith-and-Cul
ture/Buddhism/> [Accessed 25 March 2021].

(2) Billingham, M., Davenport, P. and Haworth, E., 2016. Pearson BTEC national health and
social care. London: Pearson Education.

(3) nhs.uk. 2021. vascular dementia - NHS. [online] Available at:

<https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vascular-dementia/> [Accessed 15 April 2021].
Salma Belen Calvo Paz Unit 5 learning aim A/B/C
Candidate number:5105
(4) Flint Rehab. 2021. Cognitive-Communication Therapy Activities for Brain Injury. [online]
Available at:
<https://www.flintrehab.com/cognitive-communication-therapy-activities/#:~:text=Cognitive-c
ommunication%20refers%20to%20the%20mental%20processes%20used%20to,during%20
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