Prepared by: R.

Subbaranjani
1st M.Pharm
Industrial pharmacy
 INTRODUCTION
 GOALS
 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS OF
DENDRIMERS
 TYPES OF DENDRIMERS
 SYNTHESIS OF DENDRIMERS
 PROPERTIES OF DENDRIMERS
 APPLICATION
 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
A suitable drug delivery system would
protect the drug against degradation and
ensure that drug reaches proper permeability
properties and further provides a combined
transportation and protection system against
the natural barriers, as done by the
dendrimers. Dendrimers are highly defined
nanoparticles:
-Size: 1-15 nanometers.
-Very versatile surface functionalisation.
-Synthetic: Practical and cost effective.
 Dendrimers are repetitively branched
molecules.
 The term “Dendrimer” arise from two greek
word:
-”Dendron” meaning tree‟
-”Meros” meaning part.
-The dendrimers are also called as
CASCADE MOLECULES or ARBOROLS.
 Modify/Improve the pharamacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic properties of a drug so
that there is also an accretion bioavailability.
 Achieve the controlled and targeted release
of drug restricted to the area desired.
 STRUCTURE AND COMPONENTS• A DENDRIMER
IS CONSISTS OF:
1. A central core unit.
2. Building blocks with superior interior
layers (generation) composed of repitively
units, radically attached to core.
3. Terminal functional group attached to
the outermost series of branches.
 Poly(amido amine) dendrimers (PAMAM) are
synthesized by divergent method starting from
ammonia or ethylene diamine initiator core
reagents .
 Its available usually as methanol solutions.
 Starburst dendrimers is applied as a trademark
name for a sub class of PAMAM dendrimers based
on a tris-aminoethyleneimine core .
 The name referred to the star like pattern
observed when looking at the structure of high
generation dendrimers of this type in two
dimensions.
 Radically layered poly(amidoamine-
organosilicon)dendrimer are inverted
unimolecular miscelles that consists of
hydrophilc ‚nucleophilic polyamidoamine
interiors and hydrophobc organosilicon
exteriors.
 Useful as a precursors for the preparation of
honeycomb like networks with
nanoscopic
PAMAM and OS domains.
 It's
a dendron like molecular constuct based
upon a polylysine skeleton. Lysine with its
alkyl amino side chain serves as a good
monomer for the introduction of numerous of
branching points.
 Eg: vaccines and diagnostic research.
 These dendrimers usually have carboxylic
acid groups as surface groups, serving as a
good anchoring point for further surface
functionalisation, and as polar surface groups
to increase the solubility of this hydrophobic
dendrimer type in polar solvents or aqueos
media.
 These are generally poly-alkyl amines having
primary amines as end groups, the dendrimer
consists of numerous of tertiary tris
propylene amines.
 It is available upto 85, and has found
widespread applications in material science
as well as biology.
 As an alternative name to ppi, Popam is
sometimes used to describe this class of
dendrimers . Popam stands for polypropylene
amine.
 Inthese dendrimers, the surface contains
multiple copies of a particular functional
group.

 These are hybrid(block or graft polymers of

dendritic and linear polymers.
 Theyare built with two segregated sites of
chain end one half is electron donating and
the other half is electron withdrawing.

 These are unimolecular miscelles of water

soluble hyper branched polyphenylenes.
 These are hybrids (block or graft polymers)
of dendritic and linear polymers having
characters of both.
 Hybrid dendrimers are obtained by complete
mono functionalization of peripheral amines
of a „zero generation‟ polyethyleneimine
dendrimer; provide structurally diverse
lamellar,columnar,and cubic self organised
lattices that are less readily available from
other modified dendritic structures.
 These are composed of a core dendrimer of
several steps (each type design) to perform a
function necessary for a therpeutic
nanodevice.Different compounds perform
varied functions ranging from diseased cell
recognition diagnosis of disease state drug
delivery.
 Dendrimer grows from core to periphery.
 The core molecule reacts with the monomer
molecule having two dormant and one reactive
group.

 Dendrimer grows starting from end groups and

progresses inward.
 Method makes impurity removal easier monodisperse
dendrimers are obtained.
 But stearic effects along the core limits the size.
Small molecules come together and reaction proceeds
inward.
 Eventually the molecules become attached to the
core.
 In this approach two products (monomers for
both convergent and divergent growth) are
reacted together to give an orthogonally
protected trimer, which may be used to
repeat the growth process again.
 Strength of double exponential growth is
more subtle than the ability to build large
dendrimers in relatively few steps.
 This method involves the pre-assembly of
oligomeric species which can be linked
together to give dendrimers in fewer steps or
higher yields in a radial, branch-upon-
branch.
 Core is reacted with two or more moles of
reagent containing at least two protecting
branching sites, followed by removal of the
protecting groups.
 The subsequent liberated reactive sites lead
to the first generation Dendrimers.
 Inert and non-toxic.
 Biodegradable
 Non-immunogenic
 Able to cross barriers such as intestine,blood-
tissue barriers,cell membranes etc;
 Able to stay in circulation for the time
needed to have a clinical effect;
 Able to target to specific structure;
 Compatible with guest molecules.
 Must protect the drug until it reaches to the
desired site of action and release the drug.
Blood substitution: The stearic bulk surrounding
a hememimetic centre significantly slows
degradation compared to free heme.
 Sensors: Cadmium-sulfide/polypropylenimine
tetrahexacontamine dendrimer composites to
detect fluorescence signal quenching.
 Solubility enhancers: Dendrimers have
hydrophobic core and hydrophilic outer surface.
This enhances solubility of poorly soluble drugs
by forming cascade and nonskid-chain like
synthesis of covalent, non covalent complexes
with drug molecules.
Gene transfection: Dendrimers are non-viral gene
transfer agents, enhancing transfection by
endocytosis.
 Dendrimers as nanoparticles:
Poly(amidoamine)dendrimers have tertiary amine
group at the branching point. Metal ions are
introduced into aqueous solution of dendrimer and
metal ions form complex with lone pair of electrons
present at the tertiary amines. The ions are then
reduced to zerovalent state to form nanoparticles
that is encapsulated within the dendrimer.
 Dendrimers as nano-drugs:
- Polylysine dendrimers with sulfonated naphthyl
group are antiviral.
-PPI dendrimers with tertiary alkyl ammonium
groups attached to the surface are antibacterial.
-Chitosan- Dendrimers hybrids have been used as
antibacterial agents.
 Dendrimer hydrogel for ocular drug delivery:
- Cross linked networks in dendrimers increase in
volume in aqueous solution.
- Adding PEG groups to dendrimers extends their
application to cartilage tissue production and for
sealing ophthalmic injuries.
- Drug attached to the dendrimers efficiently
deliver the drug to the eyes.
 Dendrimers in pulmonary drug delivery:
- Dendrimers have been used for pulmonary
delivery of Enoxaparin.
- G2 and G3 positively charged PAMAM dendrimers
increased bioavailability of drug.
- Positively charged dendrimer forms complex
with enoxaparin.
 Dendrimers in transdermal drug delivery:
- Dendrimers improve solubility and plasma
circulation via transdermal formulation.
- PAMAM dendrimers complex with NSAID'S
improve drug permeation through the skin as
penetration enhancers.
- PAMAM-Indomethacin complex as model
drug was reported to be effective.
 Dendrimers for targeted drug delivery:
- Active and passive targeting of cancer
cells.
 To reducing the synthesis cost.
 Exploiting the new application of dendritic
polymers in the other fields of membrane.
 Improve the synthesis method.
 Develope more medical application.
 Among the nanoparticulate carriers,
dendrimers have tremendous potential in the
applications involving multifunctional
nanoparticulate systems combining targeting,
imaging, diagnostics and therapy.
 Thus, this multifunctional, unique
nanoparticulate carrier has the potential to
detect diseases, deliver medications, and
monitor the ability to change the current
scenario of cancer research and diagnosis in
real time.
 Dendrimers Introduction
(www.nano.med.umich.edu/Platforms/Dendr
imers-Introduction.html)
 Dendrimers: properties and applications by
Barbara.
 Article on Dendrimers: A tool for drug
delivery by Anirudh Malik, Sudhir Chaudhary,
Garima Garg and Avnika Tomar.
 Dendrimers- An Overview
(http://www.pharmainfo.net/reviews/dendri
mer-overview)