UX Immersion:

1.2 History of UX
Jan 27, 2023
Masha Balaganova
 Suggestions:
For example, it would be awesome to connect the concepts and
knowledge you've learned from this course to product analysis. Speaking
of the coffee machine evolution and UX, who is the user in this scenario?
What were their pain points? And how do the new models solve those
pain points? Also, all the examples are successful cases; I wonder if any
failed example(s) could be relevant to your research.
Also, you've covered many models; I think if you could focus on 1-2
models and deep dive into the experience, it might get some interesting
findings.

UX/UI - add links to be able to click on a date and

move to a corresponding slide; make the pictures
allocated evenly
 Evolution of a coffee machine
1865
1865 – The first patent for a coffee percolator
was filed by American James Nason.

Analysis:
The model had to be assembled every time a
user wanted to make coffee, also the material
was very thing and it would wear out quite
soon.

A stove top percolator by J. Nason,

1865

1865
 Evolution
1869
of a coffee machine
1869 - Angelo Moriondo of Turin, Italy got a patent for “new
steam machinery for the economic and instantaneous
confection of coffee beverage.” It was the first coffee
machine that used both- water and steam

Analysis:
The upgraded version was much faster and could
produce more espresso at once, which would age
time saving for users, however it was quite big in
size and needed special training to be able to operate
it.
Brewing machine by A. Moriondo,
1869

1865 1869
 Evolution
1901
of a coffee machine
1901 – Luigi Bezzerra invented the world's first single-
serving espresso machine.

Analysis:
The machine was capable of making very concentrated,
gulpable drinks within 30 sec which sufficiently decreased
waiting time of users, but it was still quite complex and a
regular person wouldn’t be able to operate it right away.
Also, the machine was heated over an open flame, which
made it difficult to control pressure and temperature, and
nearly impossible to to produce a consistent shot and was
not very safe. Coffee was constantly splashing over
baristas and could cause injuries. First single-serving espresso
machine by L. Bezzerra, 1901.

1865 1869 1901

 1903
1903 – Desiderio Pavoni bought the previous patent and
improved it by adding the first pressure release valve.

Analysis:
The new version was much safer since hot coffee didn’t
splash while brewed also since now the steam was collected
inside, it would make the coffee making process less hot and
dangerous for people to use. However, coffee had bitter taste
due to steam pressure involved in process.

Espresso machine with pressure

release valve by D. Pavoni, 1903

1865 1869 1901 1903

 1930
1930 – Achille Gaggia invented the lever-driven machine, where
steam pressure in the boiler forces the water into a cylinder where
it is further pressurized by a spring-piston lever operated by the
barista. Not only did this obviate the need for massive boilers, but
it also drastically increased the water pressure from 1.5-2 bars to 8-
10 bars. The lever machines also standardized the size of the
espresso.

Analysis:
Such changes improved the taste of espresso and made it less bitter
and without burnt taste. Also, the size of the machine decreased The lever-driven machine by A. Gaggia,
significantly this way even smaller counters could fit it in. 1930.

1865 1869 1901 1903 1930

 1961
1961 - Ernesto Valente introduced the E61 model.
Rather than relying on the manual force of the
barista, it used a motorized pump to provides the
nine atmospheric bars of pressure needed for
brewing espresso.
Analysis: The machine required less human
control which would allow baristas do more things
simultaneously and serve customers faster. Also, it
would make the less tired during busy hours, it
also had smaller weight and size.
The lever-driven machine by A. Gaggia,
1930.

1865 1869 1901 1903 1930 1961

 1974
1974 - Desiderio Pavoni introduced La Pavoni
Professional Lever which was the first espresso
machine for home use.
Analysis: The coffee machine was much easier in
use for non-professionals and more new users
could join the market, for example, those who
didn’t go out much or didn’t have time to wait in a
line at the coffee shop before work.

La Pavoni Professional Lever for home use

by D. Pavoni, 1974.

1865 1869 1901 1903 1930 1961 1974

 1999
1999 - Rancilio added the option to make
cappuccino a new version. Also, this model
improved the quality of home-made coffee and
made it similar to the one from a coffee-shop.
Analysis: The new option to make cappuccino
brought more diversity for users and let them enjoy
the drink at home without necessary of going out.

Rancilio Silvia coffee machine with

cappuccino maker by Rancilio, 1999

1865 1869 1901 1903 1930 1961 1974 1999

 2014
2014 - In addition to the possibility of making
different types of coffee, Philips|Saeco introduced
a coffee machine that could be controlled from a
tablet.
Analysis: Such function allows busy users prepare
coffee at their desk, save waiting time, however
cleaning process of coffee machines are still quite
complex, mechanisms are fragile.

A machine that can be controlled from a

tablet by Philips|Saeco, 2014

1865 1869 1901 1903 1930 1961 1974 1999 2014

 Now
Currently, one of the most popular coffee machines
on the market is the one by Nespresso .
Analysis: Nespresso machines are easy to use yet
very affordable and allow to try different types of
coffee. They also quite small in size which is good
for a small kitchen, the cleaning requires to insert a
cleaning capsule which makes it unnecessary to
disassemble the machine.

Nespresso Vertuo by Nespresso

1865 1869 1901 1903 1930 1961 1974 1999 2014 Now
 Resources:
https://www.gaggia.com/legacy/

https://stoll-espresso.ru/articles/osnovnye-vekhi-istorii-kofemashin

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-long-history-of-the-espresso-machine-126012814/

https://blog.wmf-coffeemachines.uk.com/the-history-of-the-coffee-
machine

https://coffeecorner.com/history-of-coffee-makers/