Research Proposal

Naming System Of Fish in Ayamaru Lake

Name: Yosua Kambuaya

Student reg : 2017-51-035

FACULTY OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITY OF PAPUA

2021/2022
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1.1 Background

Language is a means to communicate between people. Through human language can express ideas and
ideas that are in the mind. In this world there are various kinds of languages used to communicate.
Language as a means of communication
between members of the community in the form of sound symbols produced by human
speech tools. Second, language is a communication system that uses arbitrary vocal
symbols (Smarapradhipa 2005: 1) ,.
Another case according to Owen in Stiawan (2006: 1), explains the definition of language
that is language can be defined as a socially shared combinations of those symbols and
rules governed combinations of those symbols.
This communication can be done in two ways, namely verbally and in writing. Clarity of
information in spoken language is supported by the use of intonation, gestures, voice
changes, and physical language distance. In the use of language, there are rules for the use
of language that can help understand the intended meaning according to context and circumstances. The
language used to communicate between one person
with others having differences. The difference in language used is in the pronunciation,
intonation, and sentence structure. These differences cause variations in language. This
language variation has several variations. One of them is dialect. According to Kridalaksana
(2008) dialect is a variety of languages that vary according to usage. Meanwhile, according
to the Ministry of National Education, (2007) states that dialects are a variety of languages
that vary according to their usage. .
From the definitions above, it can be concluded that the notion of dialect is language
variations that have been mastered by the people of their respective regions. By using
dialect speech, people will easily find out the origin of speakers. Dialect is a language
variation whose use varies both in terms of sound, vocabulary, semantics, and lexicon,
caused by geographical factors, for example in Maybrat there are two dialects namely, Aifat
and Ayamaru dialects. Both have the same sound and meaning in common but different
ways of emphasis.For instance in Indonesian someone can say,saya makan ikan ‘tiod tabo sa’ or ‘tiod soh
mam sa’,both have the same meaning but the difference is dialect.

In linguistics, especially semantics is the study of meaning / words, the

code contained in a language. Semantics means the theory of meaning,namely the systematic branch of
language that investigates meaning
or meaning (J.W.M Verhaar; 1981: 9).
Semantics assumes that language consists of structures that display meaning when related
to objects in the experience of the human world (Kambartel in Bauerk, 1979: 195).
1.2 Languange and its speaker

Maybrat language belongs to the non-Austronesian language group (family), but the
grammatical nature is similar to Austronesian languages. Maybrat languages are used
throughout the maybrat district yakn Aifat, Ayamaru, and Aitinyo. Almost most people can
speak maybrat languages. at age 15-30 + as well as adults and language speakers.
According to residents, Kampung Aisa is located east of Kampung Foug, the people speak
Moskona, Kampung Kisar in the west, the people speak Maybrat, Kampung Taksimara in
the north of the Mokora (Maybrat) community, based on dialectometry calculation, Maybrat
language is the most widely used language in Maybrat, Kampung Taksimara in the north of
the Mokora (Maybrat) community, based on dialectometry calculation, Maybrat language is
the most widely used language in Maybrat. the area bordering with maybrat.
https://dapobas.kemdikbud.go.id ›...
West Papua - Language Agency
1.3 Demography

Maybrat Regency is the result of the division of South Sorong Regency in the Province
West Papua with the Capital of Ayamaru,
Administratively,
Maybrat Regency Government is divided into 6 districts namely East Aifat, Aifat, Aitinyo,
Mare and North Ayamaru
Geographically, Maybrat Regency inpositions 131º 421 0 "East - 132º 581 12" East and 0º 55 "12" LS - 2º
17 "24" LS. Maybrat
Regency
bordering on territory:
North borders with Fef District, Senopi District and Kebar District;
the east is bordered by North Moskona District and South Moskona District;
The South is bordered by Kokoda District and Kais District;
West side is bordered by Moswaren District, Wayer District and Sawiat District;

1.4 Etnography

The word “Maybrat” is a combination of mai ‘Voice’,language and according to one explanation,the the
meaning is “Brat Languange”where brat is the name of a hill near the village of Semtu Ayamaru Utara.
Maybrat is derived from 3A large tribes namely Ayamaru, Aitinyo, Aifat. These three big tribes
have the right and full authority in it to work hand in hand and build each other between
communities. Maybrat Regency is quite varied, consisting of highlands which are area
mountains and slopes, (inland ± 65%), lowlands, brackish water and beaches (35%) Most of
the Maybrat Regency is a low-lying area with a slope
slopes range from 0 - 8%. The superiority of this physical factor causes
most of the population's activities develop in these lowlands. Most mountains and valleys are
V-shaped ones
has a high ridge characteristic, has a narrow embankment, V-shaped valley, with a slope
sharp and generation that exceeds 300 m. In the mountains with these characteristics, many
found tributaries that flow sharply turn. The hunting activity of farming and fishing is a side
activity carried out by the Maybrat tribe that aims to meet the need for protein and meat in
the family. The main livelihood of the Maybrat people is shifting cultivation. The results of this
study are in line with opinion
Mentansan (2008), that the shifting cultivation system is a system that generally applies to
the land Papua for people who are in the interior and high mountains such as the Arfak, Paniai,
Maybrat, Asmat and Muyu.
Although not as a main source of livelihood, hunting is important
in the life of the Maybrat community. This is evidenced by the practice of hunting techniques
that are varied starting from the use
spears, arrows and bows, using hunting dogs, imitating animal sounds, hunting science and
snares. The technique of hunting animals by the Maybrat tribe is relatively similar to the
hunting techniques carried out by other ethnic groups in Papua, as found by
Pattiselanno (2006), Pattiselanno (2007), and Pattiselanno and Koibur (2008). The hunting
technique is to use bows and arrows, spears, use of snares and hunting dogs.
1 .5 Languange affiliation

Languages that are grouped into the family of West Papua family languages are languages
that are in the Bird's Head of Papua Land, such as languages
Hatam, Meyah, Sougb, Irires, Miyach, Maybrat, Kalabra, Moi, Abun, Moraid, Mpur, etc.
another (Yusuf Sawaki). What's interesting is that non-Austronesian languages in the Bird's
Head region of Papua have grammatical properties similar to Austronesian languages.
This similarity is caused by language contact that has occurred for centuries. Language
Contact this has been coincided with the spread of Austronesian people eastward to the island
ofNewGuinea and also to the Pacific (Ross, 2009; Conroy, 2013; Donohue 2011). Contact this
languagecausing changes in the grammatical nature of Papuan languages in the Bird's Head
became similar to the grammatical nature of Austronesian languages, even though these
languages were also stillhas the grammatical nature of the Papuan language.

1.6 Sosialinguisticc situation

1.6.1 Languange use

The language of Maybrat also used by the community in all places public and official places,such as in
school,church, offices,Bank and others.

1.6.2 Languange attitude

Crystal(1980:claimed “Languange attitude is about the feeling of people about their own language or the
language of another”.

1.7 Research Questions

From my research,there only one main question that I am going to discuss

1.What causes different dialect between aifat and ayamaru?

1.8 Research purpose

From my research can find out more about dialects in Maybrat.

1.9 Benefits of the Reseacrh

Basically,thi research is to provide knowledge for the maybrat community and especially for student to be
able to study more deeply about linguistic in Maybrat Languange.
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Previous Study in Maybrat

Maybrat is Papuan language which in the spoken in the central area of the Bird’s Head.The Total number
of speakers is aproxximately 22,000(Brown 1991:1.
Maybrat has originally been classified as a family-leveli isolate of the West Papuan
Phylum(Voorhoeve1987a:717),but subsequent research has indicated that this classification may well be
untenable (Reesink 1996).Philomena Do in his research about Grammar and text in Maybrat.This
research discussed about Possessive Pronouns in Maybrat(Olivia Ursula Waren).Perbandingan kata Verba
dalam bahasa ayamaru dan aifat(Kajian lingustik komparatif,Margareta Yumame,Abdulrahman
Hatsamah).

2.2 Theoritical Backgrounds

Meaning is intention speech,the influence of language units in understanding persseption,as well as

behavior humans or group(Kridalaksana,200:1993).According to Tarigan (1985:7)semantics examines
symbols or signs,sign that states meaning,the relationship of meaning to one another and its influence of
human and society.So semantics always related to the meaning used by the speakes community.
 CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Place and Time

This research will be conducted in june until the first week of july 2021 in Maybrat Regensy of West
Papua,but from these little data I asking for my family in home.

3.2 Research Method

3.4 Population and Sample

From this research 15-adults/parents from each area speaks Maybrat with their dialect characteristics.But
when the two dialect speaker meet,they can communicate as usual and exchange dialect with one onother.

3.5. Data Collection

The study will maximize different tchniques in colenting data.that is interview research.

3.5.1 interview

Interview used to gather data about sosialinguistics and the information about cultural these
cultural.There will be guided and or open-ended interview depending on the information needed.

3.5.2 Library and internet Research

3.6 Intstrument and Collection Data

There is one main instrument that I use to collecting data:

1.Sentence list,which consists of questions relating to sosialinguistics,etrnographic,demographic,language

and speaker information needed by this study.

3.7 Data Analysis

 Moreover Ayamaru dialect is used start in Pasir Putih village(border between
Sorong,Teminabuan and Maybrat) till fategomi village (border with Mirafan village),and than

So,from those stated above this the one factor that make adults shy to spoken

Maybrat languanges. But,from top of 30-60 years old their actually fluent spoken in

Maybrat region at the public place like Bank,Church,Office and so on. At this ti

But,from civiliant point of view,nowdays adults from Maybrat likely to go out of

town as if Sorong,Manokwari,Jayapura than graduated their school by low,middle and

high school.