MATERIAL FOR MINEDU

EXAM
LISTENING SKILLS
INTENSIVE LISTENING

Intensive listening focuses primarily on brief listening exercises. While they

usually only take a few minutes, they offer focused, intense practice. This is
because intensive listening focuses mostly on form. When you do intensive
listening practice, you’re paying most attention to pronunciation, grammar
and vocabulary, rather than overall meaning. Intensive listening is particularly
important for beginning and intermediate students. Use FluentU, FluentU also
offers an innovative “learn mode” that provides additional intensive listening
practice. Learn mode combines videos, example sentences and pictures into
exercises and flashcards that help you focus on a word’s meaning and usage.

KEY WORDS

✓ It focuses on brief listening exercises or activities.

✓ It focuses on pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and form.
✓ It focuses on specific information and brief undertanding
✓ It is literal
✓ Teacher comes up with the material.

INTENSIVE LISTENING

Extensive listening focuses on longer activities. These may vary from

something that’s a few minutes long to several hours long. Rather than
focusing on individual parts, extensive listening focuses on overall

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understanding. Extensive listening focuses on overall understanding,
extensive listening helps students understand spoken language in real-world
contexts.

This is particularly important for intermediate and advanced students who are
looking to transition from academic understanding of the language towards
full fluency. Listen to audiobooks. Audiobooks are excellent for extensive
listening practice because you’ll undoubtedly need to focus on overall
meaning rather than individual words.

KEY WORDS
✓ It focuses on longer activities.
✓ It focuses on overal understanding
✓ Studnets choose the material.
✓ It is inferential.
✓ It focuses on understanding the audio as a whole.

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SUB-LISTENING SKILLS

LISTENING FOR GIST

It is when the learner tries to understand what is happening even if he or she

can’t understand every phrase or sentence. The learner is trying to pick up
key words, intonation, and other clues so as to make a guess at the meaning.
For example words such as cap, towel, waves, board and sunny have their
own meanings but when you hear the words in a listening passage, they help
you understand that the context in which they are used is the context of a
beach trip.

KEY WORDS

✓ It focuses on general understanding. ( What is the audio about?)

✓ It focuses on global understanding.
✓ It focuses on overal understanding.
✓ It focuses on general idea.

PREDICTING CONTENT
Prediction is an activity learners carry out before reading or listening to a text,

where they predict what they are going to hear or read. This gives them a

reason to listen or read, as they confirm or reject their predictions. Example

Learners are going to listen to a presentation about a journey through Africa.

They predict what vocabulary they might hear, and also what kind of emotions

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the speaker might have felt. They listen to confirm their ideas. In the

classroom Prediction is a valuable stage in listening and reading activities. It

mirrors L1 skills use, where predictions form an important base for being able

to process language in real time. Both content and language can be predicted.

KEY WORDS

✓ It focuses on guesssing titles, words ,phrases and etc.

✓ Predicting content using pictures and words.

INFERRING ATTITUDE
How does the author feel about this? Authors write things for a variety of
reasons.

• To report facts (without bias or opinion)

• To report facts reported by someone else in a study (without bias or opinion)

• To persuade the reader of the merits of some position (positive attitude)

• To disprove or attack a position (negative attitude)

You will encounter questions that ask directly about the author’s attitude, or

about the attitudes of people or groups that are mentioned. The difference

between interpret and inferis that interpret is to explain or tell the meaning

of; to expound; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or

terms; to decipher; to define; -- applied especially to language, but also to

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dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc; as, to interpret the hebrew language

to an englishman; to interpret an indian speech while infer is to introduce

(something) as a reasoned conclusion; to conclude by reasoning or deduction,

as from premises or evidence.

KEY WORDS

✓Use of Feel.

✓ It focuses on feeelings and emotions.

DETECTING CONNECTORS
There are connectors in language that help us follow what we're listening to.

These words, which link ideas, help us to understand what the speaker is

talking about and where they are taking us. They're particularly important in

presentations and lectures. For example, if a university lecturer says: 'I am

going to talk about three factors affecting global warming…' then later on you

might hear the phrases 'first of all', 'moving on to' and 'in summary' to indicate

the next part of the talk.

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LISTENING FOR DETAILS
Listening for details, its when you are interested in a specific kind of

information – perhaps a number, name or object. You can ignore anything

that does not sound relevant. In this way, you are able to narrow down your

search and get the detail you need. In a listening test, if you are asked to

write down the age of a person, listen for the words related to age ('old',

'young', 'years', 'date of birth', etc.) or a number that could represent that

person's age. If it is a conversation, you might wait to hear someone

beginning a question with 'How old…?'

INFERRING MEANING
Imagine you are a tourist in a country whose language you do not speak. In

a restaurant, you hand over a credit card to pay for the bill, but the server

seems to say something apologetic in response. Even though you don't

understand his words, you can probably conclude that the restaurant doesn't

take credit cards, and you need to pay with cash instead. This is the technique

of inferring meaning: using clues and prior knowledge about a situation to

work out the meaning of what we hear. Similarly, we can infer the relationship

between people from the words they use, without having to find out directly.

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The next time you hear a word you don't understand, try to guess its meaning

using the context or situation to help you. But don't worry if you don't get it

the first time. As with everything in life, the more you practise, the better you

will get Therefore, guessing meaning from context is necessary. For example:

It had been raining hard through the night so the ground was saturated.What

does 'saturated' mean? You may already know, but if you do not, you should

be able to have a good guess from the rest of the sentence.

WHAT IS PARAPHRASING?

When you paraphrase, you use your own words to express something that

was written or said by another person.

WHAT IS SUMMARIZING?

A summary is a brief overview of an entire discussion or argument. You might

summarize a whole research paper or conversation in a single paragraph, for

example, or with a series of bullet points, using your own words and style. To

draw a conclusion means to decide on something or make a judgement after

careful consideration facts and opinions presented. To come to a conclusion

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we require logical reasoning and critical thinking skills. Conclusions are based

on facts and information presented

REFLECTIVE LISTENING

It is a communication strategy involving two key steps: seeking to understand

a speaker's idea, then offering the idea back to the speaker, to confirm the

idea has been understood correctly. It attempts to "reconstruct what the client

is thinking and feeling and to relay this understanding back to the client"

Reflective listening means understanding both what a person says and what

a person feels, and then relaying this back to him or her in your own words

Reflective listening is a communication skill by which students can increase

their understanding of other people’s ideas, issues, approaches and concerns

within the group. It's a particularly useful skill for avoiding conflict within a

group

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SUMMARY
Intensive Listening

✓ It focuses on brief listening exercises or activities and also it focuses

on pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and form.

✓ It focuses on specific information and brief undertanding

✓ It is literal

✓ Teacher comes up with the material.

Extensive listening

✓ It focuses on longer activities.

✓ It focuses on overal understanding

✓ Students choose the material.

✓ It is inferential.

✓ It focuses on understanding the audio as a whole.

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SUB LISTENING SKILLS

Listening for gist

It’s when the learner tries to understand general idea of the audio or What

the audio is about.

✓ It focuses on general understanding. ( What is the audio about?)

✓ It focuses on global understanding.

✓ It focuses on overal understanding.

✓ It focuses on general or main idea.

Predicting content

It’s when the students try to predict what they are going to hear.

✓ It focuses on guesssing titles, words ,phrases and etc.

Inferring attitude

It’s to decide how a writer and reader feel about something from the way

they speak and write.

✓ It focuses on mood of the reader, writer and speaker.

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✓ It focuses on how reader, writer and speaker feel.

✓ It helps understanding the purpose of the reading and writing.

✓ It focuses on speaker or writer’s attitude.

Inferring and interpreting information

It’s when the learner tries to understand the meaning of words and phrases.

✓ It focuses on giving sense and meaning to words, sentences and

phrases

Detecting connectors

It’s when the students try to find out connectors on the audio that they

hear.

✓ It focuses on identifying different connectors on the audio.

✓ But, and ,however, next, then,etc

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Listening for details

It’s when the student tries to extract the maximum information of

something.

✓ It focuses on details of something.

Listening for specific information

It’s when the student tries to find out particular information on the audio.

✓ Names , places, animals, characters ,etc.

Deducing meaning from context

It’s when the students deduce the meaning of a Word or an idea what they

don’t understand using the context.

✓ To deduce the meaning of something ss use the information near

them as reference.

✓ Students deduce the meaning of the words they don’t understand

from their context.

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Summarizing

It’s a brief information or statement of main point.

Paraphrasing

It’s when the learner uses his or her own words or ideas to express

something that was written or said by another person.

✓ It focuses on rewriting with own words, ideas and styles.

Drawing conclusions and opinions

It collects all information for global understanding of something.

✓ Graphic oraganizer.

Reflecting

It’s when the students reflect on their learning process in critical way.

✓ It focuses on debatable questions.

✓ Key words like why? Why not?.

✓ It focuses on overal understanding

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LISTENING PROCCESS

1. Pre- listening – before listening

The teacher introduces the topic using pictures, poster, questions,

flascards, audios, videos, ilustrations, etc.

2. While listening- during listening

The teacher asks their students develop different activities such as:

literal, inferential and critical activities, etc.

3. Post listening – after listening

Students create their own activities of what they learned.

Examples: role play, dialogues, interviews, articles, infographics,

debates, etc.

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ENGLISH LANGUAGUE SKILLS

Receptive, passive and Input skills Productive, active and output skills

✓ Listening skills ✓ Speaking skills

✓ Reading skills ✓ Writing skills

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