2009156

BE 4 year Electronics & Telecommunication-2020

ETR8C2:Optical Communication

Time: 3 Hours Max. marks:60

Note: All questions are Compulsory. Attempt any two parts from each question. If required,
assumtions may be taken. Symbols/acronyms have usual meaning in the context of the subject
area.

1(a) List advantages and limitations of single mode fiber vis a vis multi mode fibers. (6)
A multimode step index fibe has a relative refractive index of 1% and a core refractive
index of 1.5. The number of modes propagating at a wavelength of 1.3 microns is 1300.
Estimate the diameter of the fiber core.
(b) Light can be ejected out of fiber by simply bending it beyond a cetain radius of curvature, (6)
still it is claimed that optical fiber communication provides high degree of signal
security. Expalin the anaomaly.
A step index fiber has a acceptance angle in air of 26° and a relative reafractve index
difference of 3%. Estimate the numerical aperature and the critical angle at the core-
cladding interface for the fiber.
(c) Ellaborate on the advantages and disadvantages of graded index fibers over step index (6)
fibers. Plot the variation of 𝐸𝑦 (𝑥) with respect to (x/d) for the m=5, 6 ordered modes
A step index fiber has a solid acceptance angle in air of 0.195 radians and a relative
refractive index of 0.85%. Estimate the speed of light in the fiber

2(a) Describe the techniques employed and the fiber structures utilized to provide: (6)
(i) dispersion shifted single mode fibers
(ii) dispersion flattened single mode fibers
Determine the cutoff wavelength for a step index rectangular waveguide to exhibit single
mode operation when the film refractive index and thickness are 1.46 and 5 microns,
resectivel, with the relative refractive index being 0.2%.
(b) Give reasons for the following in optical fibers: (6)
(i)Mie scattering loss (ii) Rayleigh scattering loss(iii) Intrinsic absorbtion (iv) microbends
(iv) macrobends (v) extrinsic absorption. Draw the atteneuation curve for a normal optical
fiber.
(c) Explain the origin of intramodal dispersion. Using ONLY ray diagrams distinguish (6)
between multimode, material and waveguide dispersion.
Dscuss the need for polarization maintaining fibers. List any two characterstic features of
these.

3(a) Briefly explain various components of a Laser with reference to the SLD. Discuss the (6)
dependence of threshold current on temperature for the SLD.
(b) Distinguish between (6)
(i) LED and SLD
(ii) Homojunction SLD&HetrojunctionSLD

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(c) Why are direct bandgap materials preferred to be used as detectors. An InGaAs based (6)
photo-detector is to be used for IR window of 1.58 micrometers, determine the
responsivity, if the quantum efficiency of the detector is 0.9. (h=6.63x10-34 Js)

4(a) Using a fiber long period grating realize a combined drop/add element. How are fiber (6)
bragg gratings fabricated? Describe the set-up.
(b) What is the basic requirement of undertaking Wavelength division multiplexing. Light (6)
in the wavelength range 1.3-1.6micron range is incident normally on an optical thin film
filter of refractive index 1.48 and thickness 0.5 microns. Determine the frequencies
which are separated out in reflected light.
(c) With the help of suitable diagrams, discuss internal structure and principle of operation (6)
of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA). List advantage and disadvantages in the use
of EDFFA. Why are they not pumped at 980 nm?

5(a) Ellaborate on the functional elements and salient features of (i) Optical line terminals (6)
(ii) Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers
(b) Discuss briefly various components of SONET network systems. (6)
(c) List and explain various WDM network architectures. List their limitations. (6)