Impact of globalisation on women:

Giddens defines globalisation as intensification of worldwide social relationships which

link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring
1. Positive impacts: miles away

i. Women have started to see other educated and accomplished women as

their reference group and to achieve equal status they also take suitable
actions. Higher education has been demanded by all women, irrespective
of their socio-economic conditions, due to the other educated women from
worldwide acting as their reference group.
ii. Sensitisation and awareness of women's rights all around the world. For
example, inclusion of women centric targets in Sustainable development
goals (SDG - 5), Beijing Declaration, etc..
iii. Sexual division of labour has been challenged in the society. Globalisation
has Provided more employment opportunities for women. The nature of
work has also changed. For eg. unpaid care work of women can be
monetised now, it’s not only restricted to the house.
iv. Has posed a challenge to the institution of patriarchy in India. Altered
emergence of dual career
family, conjugal symmetrical
structure (joint to nuclear), functions and relationship between the
family => status of women members of family, which has provided for better status of women.
increasing
v. Mobility in the secular social status of women can be seen. Due to
increase in educational, financial and political capabilities, empowered
women to have more say in decision making.
vi. Fraser & Gould argue that globalisation has created new transnational
public spheres in which political opinion can be marshalled to hold leaders
democratically accountable. Globalisation has helped bring the ideals
inspiring political movements aiming to uplift women.

2. Negative impacts:
i. Alison Jaggar argues that globalization has promised many things that are
crucial to feminists: peace, prosperity, social justice, the elimination of
racism and ethnocentrism, and, of course, an increase in the status of
women. However, neoliberal policies have brought about the opposite of
 these aspirations. Rather than peace, they have created conditions for war
and increased militarism; rather than prosperity and social justice, they
have increased the gulf between the rich and the poor; and rather than
eliminating racist, ethnocentric, and sexist barriers, globalisation has been,
ultimately, “a system hostile or antagonistic to women”
ii. Increased violence against women, including cyber-crimes, rape,
molestation, etc, especially against the women who have migrated.
Patriarchy tries to re-establish itself with force.
iii. Another prominent school of feminist theoretical responses to
globalization puts care, both caring labor—the work of caring for the
young, old, sick, and disabled, and the everyday maintenance of
households—and the moral ideal of care, at the center of its analyses.
Proponents of this approach (Ethics of Care) begin by observing that
hoschild: double shift
most mainstream analyses of globalisation either ignore or devalue care.
iv. Increased burden of both household chores as well as professional
commitments, as though women have started to earn, the majority of
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domestic work is still done by them. Women in India spend 300 minutes
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a day on unpaid domestic services while men spend 97 minutes,

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according to the 2019 NSS time use survey.

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v. Informalisation of pink collar jobs: Due to globalisation, a plethora of

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Karuna ahmad perspective

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low paying, part time and exploitative jobs are available to which
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Men get best jobs + Women get less imp jobs + Pay
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women are more vulnerable.

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differentials continue to exist between the two. (sylvia walby)

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vi. Male migration from rural areas to urban centres has put the women under
Wage gap, sexual
harassment... feminisation of a triple burden of home making, farming and jobs in the rural sector. This
poverty
has resulted in feminisation of agriculture.
vii. ‘Commodification of women’ is another big challenge created by
globalisation which is leading to trafficking, prostitution etc.
viii. Unsustainable urbanisation, as a result of globalisation, has led to
ghettoisation and had a negative impact upon the health of women.
ix. Eco-feminists highlight the ecological disasters and associated challenges
Vandana shiva, bina agarwal,
Francis de'eubonne for women due to globalisation and associated neo liberal capitalism.