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 Historical background

Modern time - the education debates

Style - School life - public exam

EDUCATION

Education beyond sixteen

Quizzes recap
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
⮚Full-time education is compulsory
⮚Compulsory education is free of charge
⮚The academic year begins at the end of summer
⮚There are three recognized stages
⮚The education debates
 School education
• primary education (up to 11)
• secondary education (up to 16)
- “Private” school = “Public” school
(you have to pay)

• “Boarding” school
(students can sleep at school)

- “State”/” Comprehensive” school

( run by the government/free education)
IN THE PAST NOWADAYS
IN THE PAST NOWADAYS
IN THE PAST NOWADAYS
WINCHESTER
 MODERN TIMES:
THE EDUCATION DEBATES
 Quality

Social
justice

Freedom
of choice
 Quality
British schoolchildren do not get taught properly and do not learn enough.
 Quality
Britain suffers from a chronic shortage of teachers situation.

?
Social justice
The majority of children who do well in education are from middle-class,
comparatively wealthy background.
Social justice
Freedom of choice
The individual institution or the Local Education Authority decide
almost all curriculum, particular teaching materials, finances
management, hours of the school day and holidays.
 Quality

Viet Nam Social

justice
Britain?

Freedom
of choice
STYLE
Learning for its own sake
In comparison with most other countries, a relatively high proportion
of the emphasis was on the quality of person that education produced
(as opposed to the quality of abilities that it produced)

STYLE
Physical education
Certain sports at some universities and medical schools were played to
an international standard and people with poor academic records were
sometimes accepted as students because of their sporting prowess

STYLE
The approach to study
The approach to study tends to give priority to developing
understanding and sophistication of approach over the accumulation
of factual knowledge.

STYLE
SCHOOL LIFE
 Nursery Education
Schools become the hub of local communities, offering not only
conventional education but also breakfast provision, childminding
facilities, activity clubs and even health service for parents.

SCHOOL LIFE
 Compulsory School
• In primary schools, the children are
mostly taught by a class teacher who
teaches all subjects
• Students in secondary education
have separate teachers for each topic
and consistent assignments.
• The older children get, the more
likely they are to be separated into
groups according to their perceived
abilities.

SCHOOL LIFE
 The School Year

About 2 weeks About 2 weeks

Autumn term Spring term Summer term

Christmas Easter
September – December January – March/ April April – July
(depending on Easter)

About 6 weeks

SCHOOL LIFE
PUBLIC EXAMS
The Exams

At the end of their compulsory schooling, schoolchildren take exams.

Exams are organized neither by schools nor by the government.

There is nothing to stop a 65 year-old doing a few of them for fun.

PUBLIC EXAMS
 Independent examining boards

• Each board publishes its own separate

syllabus for each different subject
• Everywhere except Scotland has its
own single board.
• Each school or LEA decides which
board’s exams its pupils take.

• Nearly all pupils do exams in English

language, maths and a science
subject.
PUBLIC EXAMS
 The assessment

The assessment of each examinee’s performance in each subject is usually

a combination of coursework assignments and formal, sit-down exams.

PUBLIC EXAMS
EDUCATION BEYOND 16
At the age of sixteen people are free to leave school if they want to
Fewer sixteen-year-olds go straight out and look for a job
There has been a great increase in educational opportunities for people
at this age or older in the last quarter of the twentieth century
In England and Wales, for those who stay in education and study
conventional academic subjects, there is more specialization than there
is in most other countries.
Universities normally select students on the basis of A-level results and
an interview
The availability of higher education has increased greatly in the second
half of the twentieth century.
ACADEMIC EXAMS AND QUALIFICATIONS
The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE)
General Certificate of Education (GCE)
TYPES OF UNIVERSITY
 The two oldest, wealthiest,
and most famous universities
in the United kingdom

OXBRIDGE
 The old Scottish University

Aberdeen University Edinburgh University

 The old Scottish University

Glasgow University St Andrews University

 THE OLDER CIVIC ('REDBRICK') UNIVERSITIES
Their buildings were of local material, often brick, in contrast to the stone of
older universities (hence the name 'redbrick').

University of Birmingham
 The Campus Universities
These are purpose-built institutions located in the countryside but close to towns

University of East Anglia

 The Newer Civic Universities
These were originally technical colleges set up by local authorities in the first sixty years of 20th century

ASTON UNIVERSITY
 Fun or not,
They will be useful for your tests

10 questions
1. At which of these places could you not
study for A-levels?

A.Further education college

B.Six form college
C.Grade school
1. What is the typical number of subjects
studied at school by students in their
second year of A-levels?
A.One
B.Three
C.five
1. What kind of qualification does a
student who completes a course of
undergraduate university study in Physics
normally get
A.Cert. Phys
B.DipSc
C.BSc
Which of these schools is the odd one out
(different from the others)?

A.Eton
B.Harrow
C.Summerhill
Most British children between the ages of
five and eleven go to …. schools

A.Junior
B.Prep
C.primary
Most British children between the ages of
eleven and sixteen go to … schools

A.Comprehensive
B.Grammar
C.technical
Which word/phrase describes the three
basic skills which should be taught in
primary school?
Which word/phrase describes the
practice of grouping students of the same
ability together?
Which word/phrase describes money
given to poorer university students to
help them with living expenses?
Which word/phrase describes the two
universities of Oxford and Cambridge?