History of Architecture 4

Pre-colonial Philippines, Part 2

Lecture Outline
• Philippine Ethnic Houses
Philippine Ethnic Houses
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Apayao house
• Balai
• An elevated rectangular one-room structure with a high-
pitch thatch roof that resembles a pointed barrel vault
• Features a removable wall panel and a removable and
washable floor mats
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Apayao house
• Balai
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Apayao house
• Balai
detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Apayao house
• Balai
detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Apayao house
• Balai
detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Badjao house
• A windowless, one-room stilt house of light materials and
thatch roofing, built on water
• Houses are connected with other houses and the water
with
• Footbridges (jambatan)
• Catwalks (taytayan)
• Ladders (harunan)
• Nomadic Badjaos live on houseboats
• Lepa: fast, light, outrigger-less houseboat, and may have sails
• Djenging: traditional houseboat with double outriggers
• Balutu: larger type of djenging
• Pilang/dapang: a double-outrigger houseboat with sails; also
called vinta
• Tondaan: smaller type of dapang
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Badjao house
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Badjao house
detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Badjao house
• Lepa
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Badjao house
• Lepa sketch
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Badjao house
• Djenging details
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Badjao house
• Pilang/dapang
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Badjao house
• Pilang/dapang details
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Samal house
• Rectangular one-room stilt structures
• Built on shallow water connected to the shore by a bridge
(pantan), or on solid ground
• Pelang – boat
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Samal house
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Samal house
detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Torogan
• Reigning sultan’s residence, together with his immediate
family, and office
• Also served as the community’s venue for important social
events
• A huge one-room stilt house with mat (pukananan/pugigaan)
for every member staying with the sultan, and a wooden
chest (baol) for storage
• Ornamented with sarimanok and panolong, both of which
uses the okir
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Mala a walai
• House of the highest rank or richest datu in a principality
(pagawid)
• A huge, partition-less stilt house, decorated with okir on the
baseboards, windowsills and doorjambs
• Has no panolong
• Lawig
• A stilt house of light materials for the common people
• No ornamentation and may have an indoor cooking area
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Torogan
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Torogan
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Torogan detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Torogan detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Torogan detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Panolong
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Panolong
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Maranao houses
• Panolong detail and motifs
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Tausug house
• Bay sinug
• Comprised of two or more houses on stilts that are
connected by an elevated open space serving as house
extensions
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Tausug house
• Bay sinug detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Tausug house
• Bay sinug detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Tausug house
• Bay sinug detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Yakan house
• Lumah
• Rectangular, one-room stilt house with few small windows
and a high-pitched thatch roof
• Divided into
• Kokan: sleeping area
• Tindakan: multi-use living space
• Pantan/simpey: porch
• Kosina: kitchen
• Patung: 0.25m x 0.25m wooden flitch
• Angkap: mezzanine for girls above the kokan
• Clustered around the mosque (langgal)
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Yakan house
• Lumah
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Yakan house
• Lumah detail
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Mosque
• Masyid, masjid
• Oriented towards the direction of Mecca (Makkah)
• Langgal for the Tausug and Yakan, ranggar for the Maranaos
• Early form was originally a square, multi-tiered bamboo or wooden structure,
styled after the Chinese pagoda or Javanese temple
• Later form was styled after Middle Eastern models
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Mosque

Left: Meru tower, a Balinese temple.

Top: Wooden Pagoda of Ying County.
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Mosque

Models of pagoda mosques.

Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Mosque
Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Mosque

Vintage photo of a pagoda mosque, Taraka, Lanao del Sur.

Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Mosque

Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid, Cotabato City

Philippine Ethnic Houses
• Mosque

Sheik Karim al Makdum Mosque, Simunul,

Tawi-Tawi
Fin