Kareem20060@bala6y D.

D of
U psuedohypertrophy of muscles Page 32
• DAMB
• NEUROLGY
U
• Duchenne
• Acromegally
D.D of
U transient or recurrent hemiplegia Page 7 • Myotonia congenita
• Transient ischemic attacks • Myxedema
• Todd's paralysis i.e post eplileptic • Becker
• Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Multiple sclerosis D.D of
U quadriplegia or quadriparesis Page 32
• Vasculitis • ‫ﻣﻦ ﻛﺴﺐ؟‬
• ?MN CSP
D.D of metabolic neuropathies Page 28 • Motor neuron disease
Maries ataxia or Friedriech's ataxia
U

• ‫ﺷﻮ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ "ﺳﺎﺧﻦ" ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﺎﻭﻯ‬ •

• CHAUD • Myopathy
• Chronic liver failure • Neuropathy
• Hypothyroidism • Cervical spondylosis
• Acromegally • Subacute combined degeneration
• Uremia • Pellagra
• D.M
• Porphyria D.D of neurological disease with PES CAVUS Page
U

34
D.D of
U carpal tunnel syndrome Page 29 • Peroneal muscle atrophy
• PRAMA • Duchenne myopathy
• Pregnancy
• Rheumatoid arthritis D.D of myopathies Page 34
U

• Acromegally MI PETS ‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﻔﺔ‬

• Myxedema • Motor neuron disease*
• Amyloidosis • Causes of myopathies*
o Muscular dystrophies
D.D of toxic neuropathies Page 29 o Myotonias
o Myasthenic disorders
U

• Gold
• INH o Inflammatory : polymyalgia-
• Vincristine polymyositis
• Ethambutol • Periodic paralysis
• Alcohol o Endocrinal : Grave's disease and
• Lead Cushing
o Toxic myopathy
D.D of hereditary neuropathies Page 29 o Specific metabolic myopathies :
mitochondrial disease -malignant
U

• PAMP
• Peroneal muscle atrophy hyperthermia
• Amyloid polyneuropathy
• Mitochondial neuropathy D.D of
U toxic myasthenia Page 36
• Porphyric neuropathy • BOAT
• Botulism
D.D of motor neuropathy Page 29 • Organophosphates
• Aminoglycosides
U

• Peroneal : mainly motor

• Porphyria • Tick paralysis
• Lead toxicity
• Guillain Barre
• Diphtheria D.D of
U channelpathies Page 38
• Eaton Lambert syndrome
D.D of sensory neuropathy Page 29 • Familial periodic paralysis
• Myotonias
U

• Vitamin deficiency
• Alcohol
• Leprosy
• D.M

Bala6y.org Page 1
D.D of fascial weakness 38 ‫ﻗﺼﺎﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
U U • Sarcoidosis
• Fascail nerve paralysis • Centaral retinal vein occlusion
• Fascio-scapulo-humeral muscular • CO2 deprivation
dysrtrophy • Cavernous sinus thrombosis
• Myotonia atrophica • Optic neuritis
• Myasthenia gravis • Toxic optic neuropathy
• Increased ICT
D.D of tremors Page 45
U

‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺑﻰ ﺩﻯ ﺇﻑ‬SFHA PDF Causes

U of Argyll Robertson pupil Page 56
• Senile • ‫ ﻣﻀﻴﺖ‬MDET
• Flapping • Multiple sclerosis
• Hyperthyroidism • Alcoholism
• Anxiety • D.M
• Parkinsonism • Enchephalitis
• Drugs e.g B2 agonist • Tabes dorsalis
• Familial
D.D of
U miosis Page 57
Causes of extrapyramidal irregular movements
U • CAPH
Page 45 • Chronic addiction
• Chorea • Argyll Robertson
• Athetosis • Pontine lesion
• Dystonia • Pilocarpine
• Horner's syndrome
D.D of lost ankle with preserved knee reflex
U

Page 48 D.D of
U mydriasis Page 57
• Cauda equina lesion • MAD
• Subacute combined degeneration • Midbrain lesion
• Peripheral neuropathy • Atropine
• Pellagra • Adie's pupil
• Friedriech's ataxia • Dark
• Dilated fixed pupil e.g coma
D.D of
U purely motor diseases Page 49
• PM D.D of
U fascial pain Page 59
• Poliomyelitis • PAST
• Parkinsonism-Chorea • Post herpetic neuralgia
• Maries ataxia • Atypical fascail pain i.e neurotic female
• Myopathy • Sinusitis
• Motor neuron disease • Trigeminal neuralgia
• Myasthenia gravis • Teeth or dental causes
• Tempromandibular arthritis
D.D of migraine Page 53
U

• Transient ischemic attacks D.D of

• Epilepsy
D.D of
U optic atrophy Page 55
• COSOF ‫ﻛﺴﻮﻑ‬
• Chronic granuloma
• Cerebral palsy
• Optic neuritis
• Secondary to papilledema
• Optic nerve compression
• Friedriech's ataxia
• Foster kennedy's syndrome
U bilateral fscaial nerve paralysis Page 59
• Bilateral Bell's palsy
• Bilateral acoustic neuroma
• Multiple sclerosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Guillain Barre
D.D of
U transient ishaemic attacks Page 70
• Seizures
• Hypoglycemia
• Migraine
• Meniere's disease

Causes of papilledema Page 55

U D.D of seizures Page 85
U

• SCOTI • Migrain
• ‫ﺳﻜﻮﺗﻰ ﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻰ‬ • Narcolepsy

Bala6y.org Page 2
Syncope D.D of
U pituitary gigantism or tall stature Page 12
U

• Hypoglycemia • Kleinfelter's syndrome

• Transient ischaemic attack
• Movement disorders : Paroxysmal
choreathetosis-Episodic ataxia
D.D of meningitis Page 88
• Differentiation between different
causes of meningitits i.e viral-T.B
• Marfan's syndrome
• Sotos syndrome i.e cerebral gigantism
• Racial
• Familial
• Hypogonadism
D.D of acromegally Page 14
U U

• Meningism • Myxedema
• Encephalitis • Pachydermoperiostitis
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
D.D of polyurea
U

• General • ‫ ﻭ‬1‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺮﻭﻟﻮﺟﻰ ﺹ‬

16 ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻛﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺹ‬
• ‫ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻰ ﺍﺳﻜﺖ ﺑﻘﻰ ﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺖ ﻛﻼﻣﻚ ﺯﻯ ﺍﻝ‬
• I LOVE GMACA ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﺤﺐ ﺟﻤﺼﺔ‬ ‫""ﺩﺑﺶ‬
• Infectious mononucleosis • "DPCH" 4D+1P+4C+2h
• Ludwig's angina • Diuretics
• Other causes of leucopenic conditions • Diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis
e.g agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia • Diabetes mellitus
• Viral sore throat by Adenovirus • Diabetes insipidus (Nephrogenic
• Vincent's angina • Psychogenic polydipsia
• Epiglottitis • (Chronic renal failure (early
• Glossopharyngeal neuralgia • Chronic interstitial nephritis
• Moniliasis i.e candidiasis • Cushing
• Acute lymphobalstic leukemia • Conn's
• Corynebacterium diphtheria • Hypothalamic & pituitary diabetes insipidus
• Coxsakie virus causing Herpangia • Hyperparathyroidism
• Acute follicular tonsillitis
D.D of
U panhypopituitarism in adults Page 10
• Primary hypothyroidism
• ENDOCRINE
U

• Primary adrenal hypofunction

• Anorexia nervosa
D.D of stunted growth or short stature
U

Page 8
D.D of cretinism
• Familial , constitutional and racial
U

• Page 23
• Endocrinal : DPCH • The same as that of stunted growth
o DM type 1
o Precoious puberty
D.D of hypothermia Practical Page 14
o Pseudohypothyroidism
U U

• PACH
o Cretinism
• Panhypopituitarism
o Hypopituitarism in childhood
• Adrenal insufficiency i.e Addisson's disease
o Hypothyroidism in childhood
• Alcohol toxicity
• Chromosomal e.g Down's $- Turner
• Cold weather
• Skeletal: chondrodystrophy-
• CO.P decreased i.e shock
achondroplasia-osteogenesis
• Hypoglycemia
o Imperfecta
• Hypothyroid coma i.e myxedema coma
• Chronic disease
• Congenital cyanotic heart
D.D ofhyperthermia
• Chronic liver or renal disease
U

• Practical Page 14
• Polycystic lung
• Pontine haemorrhage
• Thalassemia
• Malignant hyperthermia e.g Halothane
• Emotional stress
• Serotonin $ due to serotonin reuptake
innhibitors
• Status epilepticus
• Heat stroke

Bala6y.org Page 3
 • Neuroleptic $ with phenothiazines • Simple obesity
• Thyrotoxicosis • Alcohol consumption

D.D of pheocromocytoma Page 58

U

• ‫ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ‬DAWN • ‫ ﻫﺪﻯ‬HODA
• Depression • Hypoglycemia
• Dementia • Other causes of hypertension
• Disorders of menstruation • Diencephalic or autonomic epilepsy
• Anemia • Anxiety-panic attacks
• Weight gain
• Nephrotic and Nephritic syndromes D.D of D.M Page 59
U

• Neuroasthenia • Impaired glucose tolerance

• Impaired fasting glucose
D.D of
U Grave's disease or thyrotoxicosis Page
U

30 D.D of
U infertility Page 87
D.D •of ‫ ﻫﺎﻡ‬throat
sore HAM Page 60 • SICK MOVE
• Hyperdynamic circulation • Sertoli sell syndrome
• Anxiety neurosis • Irradiation
• Myopathies • Cryptorchidism
• Myasthenia gravis • Cyotoxic drugs
• Malabsorption • Cystic fibrosis
• Kartagner's syndrome
D.D of hypercalemia : Page 43
U • Myotonic dytrophy
• I LOVE HAMIS or SMIHA or SAMIH • Obstruction of the vas deferens
or HISHAM" • Varicocele
• Immobilization • Exogenous sex steroid use
• Lymphoma
• Osteolytic metastases D.D of
U endocrinal hypertension Page 95
• Vitamin D intoxication • PACH
• Vitamin A intoxication • Primary hyperaldosteronism
• Ectopic parathyroid • Primary hyperparathyroidism
hormone:Paramalignant • Pheochromocytoma
• Hyperparathyroidism: primary or tertiary • Acromegally
• Hyperthyroidism • Cushing
• Hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: familial • Hyperthyroidism
• Addison's disease
• Multiple myeloma • CARDIOLOGY
• Increased Ca intake
U

D.D of hypokalemic hypertension Page 25

• Sarcoidosis
U

• Conn's syndrome
• Cushing
D.D of
U hypocalcemia Page 45 • Renal artery stenosis
• ABPCD +HM
• Acute pancreatits D.D of hypertensive encephalopathy Page 28
Bisphosphonate therapy
U

• • Stroke
• Phosphate therapy
• Calcitonin therapy D.D of
U painless infarction Page 41
• Chronic renal failure • TIED
• Deficiency of vitamin D • Transplanted heart i.e denervated
• Hypoparathyroidism and • Infarction during coma
pseudohypoparathyroidism • Infarction during anesthesia
• Malabsorption • Infarction with pulmonary edema
• Elderly
• Diabetic neuropathy
D.D of
U Cushing's disease i.e psueudocushing
U

D.D of DVT Page 88

COSA ‫ﻛﻮﺳﺔ‬
U

• • PORT C
• Contraceptive pills • Peripheral neuritis
• Obese hypertensive diabetic patient • Osteomyelitis

Bala6y.org Page 4
 • Rupture baker cyst
• Rupture plantaris
• Tear in gastrocnemius
D.D •of hypothyroidism
Cellulitis Page 26
• Calf muscle strain
• ‫ ﻣﻀﻴﺖ‬MDET
• Massive pulmonary embolism
• Dissecting aortic aneurysm
• Extensive myocardial infarction
• Tension pneumothorax
D.D of cyanotic heart diseases Page 95
U • V.S.D
• Fallot's tetralogy and triology
D.D of
U acyanotic heart diseases Page 95
• Coarctation of aorta
• P.S
• A.S
• Dextrocardia
• ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰء ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬
D.D oforthostatic hypotension Page 17
• HAW
• Hypovolemia
• Autonomic neuropathy e.g D.M or
chronic renal failure
• Addisson's disease "early
• Weakness of the muscles of the L.L
D.D ofunequal pulse volume Page 22
• ‫ ﺗﻔﻴﺪﺓ‬TFEDA
• Thoracic outlet syndroem
• False measurement
• Embolus or thrombus in brachial or
radial arteries
• Dissecting aoric aneurysm
• Atheroma in subclavian artery
D.D of cardiac edema Page 51
• FROM OTHER CAUSES OF GENERALIZED
EDEMA
o Renal edema
o Hepatic edema
o Nutritional edema
• FROM LOCAL CAUSES OF EDEMA
o Angioneurotic
o Inflammatory conditions e.g
cellulitis
o Lymphatic obstruction e.g
filariasis
o Venous obstruction e.g DVT of
L.L
o Orthostatic edema
Bala6y.org
D.D of palpitations Page 55
• Rapid heart rate e.g sinus or paroxysmal
tachycardia
• Forcible heart contraction(volume overload)
e.g A.I-M.I
• Irregular heart
• Cardiac neurosis
D.D of systolic murmurs over mitral and tricuspid
areas: Practical Page 77
• Mitral incompetence
• Tricuspid incompetence
• Aortic stenosis
• Pulmonary stenosis
• Functional murmur
D.D of diastloic murmurs over mitral area :Page 77
• Mitarl stenosis
• Aortic incompetence
• Functional mitarl stenosis: Carey Coomb's
murmur and Austin Flint
D.D of systolic murmurs over the base
• Over aortic area*
 Organic aortic stenosis
 Functional A.S due to A.I
 Hemic murmur
 Bicspid aortic valve
 Sclerosis of aortic valve in
old age
 Systemic hypertension
• Over pulmonary area*
 Organic P.S
 A.S.D causing functional
P.S
 Hemic murmur
• RHEUMATOLOGY
D.D of patient with SLE +fever Page 15
• Disease activity
• Infection
D.D of patient with SLE +leucocytosis Page 15
• Streroid therapy
• Infection
D.D of polymyalgia rheumatica Page 26
• ‫ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ‬TFCIR
• Tumours
• Fibromyalgia
• Cervical spondylosis
• Inflammatory myopathy
• Rheumatoid arthritis
Page 5
D.D of vascultis Page 28 • Inflammatory: sero -ve arthropathies-
• From other types of vasculitis rheumatoid disease
• Antiphspholipid syndrome • Mechanical: cerviacl spondylosis-muscle
• Atheroembolic disease spasm
• Embolisation from the heart • Referred pain: Angina-Pancoast tumour-
Aortic aneurysm
D.D of acutec
patient hest
with pain
rheumatoid
and shock
arthritis then
• developed L.L edema Page 34 D.D of arthritis in children Page 71
• Nephrotic syndrome due to drugs or • ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‬
amyloidosis • FIRST H
• Interstitial pulmonary fibroisis causing • FMF
cor pulmonale • Infections : viral arthritis-septic arthritis
• Myocarditis causing biventricular failure • Reactive arthritis
• Rheumatic arthritis
D.D of
patient with arthropathy then developed • Still's disease
• proteinuria • Toxic synovitis
• Page 34 • Hemophilia
• Rheumatoid arthritis • Henoch Schonlein purpura
• SLE
• Any arthropathy with intake of NSAID D.D of recurrent arthritis Page 71
that cause minimal lesion G.N • FMF
• FMF • Gout or pseudogout
• Henoch Schonlein purpura • Rheumatoid disease
• Rheumatic arthritis
D.D of rheumatoid disease Page 35 • Sero negative arthropathies
• Serongative arthropathies
• Gout D.D of monoarthritis Page 71 T-SHIRT
• Osteoarthritis • Traumatic
• Pseudogout • Septic arthritis
• Connective tissue diseases • Hemophilia
• Viarl arthritis • Hyperuricemia i.e gout/pseudogout
• Inflammatory bowel disease
D.D of ankylosing spondylitis Page 46 • Rheumatic arthritis
• From other causes of backache • T.B
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperstosis • GIT

D.D of scleroderma Page 53 D.D of stomatittis Page 1,2

• Scleromyxedema • Vincent's infection i.e ulcerative stomatitis
• Amyloidosis • Viral stomatitis
• Acromegally • Moniliasis
• Eosinophilic fasciitis • Aphthous ulceration
• Nutritional deficiency
D.D of gout Page 59
• Rheumatoid disease D.D of oral ulcers Page 3
• Rheumatoid arthritis • AIDS GN
• Osteoarthritis • Aphthous ulceration
• Septic arthritis • Infection e.g funfal -bacterial-viral
• Tendonitis • Drugs e.g gold,antimalarials,alpha methyl
• T.B arthritis dopa , penicillamine
• Skin diseases e.g erythema nodosum,lichen
D.D of crystal induced arthropthy Page 61 planus, pemphigus vulgaris
• Gout • Systemic diseases e.g SLE and Behcet's
• Pseudogout disease
• Pseudo-pseudo gout • G.I.T diseases e.g crohn's and celiac
• Neoplasia
D.D of neck pain Page 71 NIMR ‫ﻧﻤﺮ‬
• Neoplasm: Metsatases-M.myeloma

Bala6y.org Page 6
D.D of ptyalism :excessive salivation D.D of acute choecystitis Page 47
• ‫ ﻭ‬131 ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ • ‫ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﺔ‬PHARM=FARM
4 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻯ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ • Perforated peptic ulcer
• RIP • Hepatitis
• Reflex due to disease of stomach or • Hepatic abscess
duodenum • Acute pancreatitis
• Inflammatory conditions in the mouth • Acute right pyelonephritis
e.g stomatitis • Retrocecal acute appendicitis
• Psychogenic • Right basal pnumonia
• Paralysis of fascial nerve causing false • Myocardial infarction
ptyalism
• Bulbar paralysis D.D of carcinoma at papilla of Vater Page 50
• Prior(before) vomiting • Cancer head of pancreas
• Cholangio carcinoma
D.D of xerostomia: dry mouth
• ‫ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻯ‬+ 131 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ • Non-alimentary causes of abdominal pain
4 ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ • Practical Page 122
• MERSAD • MD-PHD-TT
• Mouth breathing • Myocardial infarction
• Emotional disorder i.e psychogenic • Dissecting aoric anuerysm
• Radiotherapy • Pleurisy
• Sjogren's syndrome • Herpes zoster
• Anticholinergics • Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Antihistaminics • Thoracic segments compression
• Dehydration • Torsion testis/ovary

D.D of halitosis : bad odour of mouth D.D of epigastric pain Page 122
• 131 ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ • ‫ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻟﺘﺤﺖ‬
• CODES • Chest causes : diaphragmatic pleurisy
• Certain types of food • CVS : PAID
• Oropharyngeal conditions  Pericarditis
• Dyspepsia  Angina
• E.N.T causes e.g sinusitis  Infarction
• Suppurative lung disease  Dissecting aneurysm
• Lower end of esophagus
D.D of the pain of gastroesophageal reflux • Hiatus hernia
disease Page 11 • Esophagitis
• Myocardial ischemia • Carcinoma
• Gastro-duodenal : GP
D.D of dysentry Page 30 • Gastritis
• ABCD + U • Gastric carcinoma
• Amebic • Pyloric stenosis
• Bacillary • Peptic ulcer
• Bilharzial • Gall bladder
• Cancer rectum  Acute and chronic
• Diverticulosis cholecystitis
• Ulcerative colitis  Gall stones
• Uremic • Hepatic
 Congested liver
D.D of right iliac pain caused by intestinal  Carcinoma
amebiasis Page 31  Amebic hepatitis
• Acute appendicitis  Viral hepatitis
• Pancreas
D.D of Crohn's disease Page 37  Acute and chronic
• Ulcerative colitis pancreatitis
• Acute appendicitis  Cancer pancraes
• Terminal ileitis • Miscellaneous

Bala6y.org Page 7
  Herpes Zoster
 Diabetic ketoacidosis
 Fatty hernai of linea
alba
 Myositis
D.D of acute abdomen Page 123
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Familial mediterranean fever
• Gastroenteritis
• Henoch Schonlein purpura
• Herpez Zoster
• Irritable bowel
• Myocardial infarction
• Pleurisy
• Sickle cell disease
• Vasculitis
D.D of splenomegally Page 131
• Bacterial and viral infections
• Acute
 Typhoid and
paratyphoid
 Infective endocarditis
 Infectious
mononucleosis
 Brucellosis
 Weil's disease
• Chronic
 Syphilis - Miliary T.B -
HIV
• Parasitic
 Bilharziasis - Kala Azar -
Malaria
• Blood diseases
 DR. PHIL
 Polycythemia
 Hemolytic anemia
 Idiopathic
thrombocytopenic
purpura
 Lymphoma
 Leukemia
• Metabolic
 HANG
 Hemochromatosis
 Amyloidosis
 Niemann Pick disease
 Gaucher's disease
• Miscellaneous
 Felty's syndrome
 Still's disease
 Sarcoidosis
 SLE
Bala6y.org
D.D of hepatomegally Page 132 Causes of Tender
hepatomegally Liver Page 66
• CHF which is the abbreviation of
Chronic Heart Failure
• ‫ ﻛﻬﻒ‬CHF Congested liver as in :
Chronic
• Rt. sided HFor in Budd Chiari or Veno
occlusive disease
• Hepatitis
• Hepatic amebiasis
• Hepatoma
• Fatty liver
• Minimal or no tenderness
 Infections
 Syphilis
 T.B
 Sarcoidosis
 Brucellosis
 Weil's disease
 Infectious mononucleosis
• Parasitic
 Bilharziasis - Kala Azar -
Malaria - Hydatid disease
• Eraly cirrhosis
• Tumours : Primary or secondary
• Blood diseases: Lymphoma - Hemolytic
anemia- Leukemia
• Metabolic: FANG
 Fatty liver
 Amylodosis
 Niemann Pick disease
 Gaucher's disease
D.D of nodular liver Page 133 Practical
• Bilharzial with coarse nodules
• Post necrotic cirrhosis
• Malignancy
• Syphilitic gumma
• Hydatid disease
• BLOOD
D.D of reticulocytosis: Page 1
• 3H
• Hemorrhage
• Hemolysis
• Hematinic effect
D.D of microcytic hypochromic anemia: Page 7
"CIST" ‫ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻧﻄﻖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬CYST
• Chronic lead intoxication
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Sideroblastic anemia
• Thalassemia
Page 8
D.D of macrocytic non megaloblastic anemia: • Secondary to renal disease
Page 13 • Idiopathic
• MARCH • Immune with thymoma
• Myelodysplasia
• Alcohol excess D.D of B.M failure syndromes Page 34
• Reticulocytosis • Aplastic anemia
• Chronic liver disease • Agranulocytosis
• Hypothyroidism • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
• Pure red cell aplasia
D.D Of pancytopenia : Page 15
• "PBHAMAS" ‫"ﺟﺰﺭ "ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﺎﻣﺎ‬ D.D of neutrophilia: Page 37
• ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝ‬B ‫ ﻭ ﺍﻝ‬P ‫ﺑﻴﺘﻨﻄﻘﻮﺍ ﺯﻯ‬ • TRAMP +D+L
‫!! ﺑﻌﺾ‬ • Tissue damage
• Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria • Rheumatoid
• B.M infiltration • Acute hemorrhage or hemolysis
• Hypersplenism • Myeloproliferative disorders
• Hairy cell leukemia • Physiological e.g exercise , pregnancy
• Aplastic anemia • Pyogenic infections
• Multiple myeloma • Drugs e.g steroids
• Myelodysplasia • Leucocyte adhesion disorders
• Megalblastic anemia
• Aleukemic leukemia D.D of neutropenia Page 37
• Systemic lupus • Infections e.g brucella - typhoid fever - viral
infections
D.D of patient with peptic ulcer+GIT • B.M depression : aplastic anemia-
bleeding+black stools: Page 16 agranulocytosis
• Iron therapy • Hypersplenism
• Bismuth therapy • Immunological : SLE
• Melena • Drugs e.g phenothiazines
• Familial cyclic neutropenia
D.D of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia: Page
30 D.D of eosinophilia: Page 38
• STD HM • PASEM ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬
• Scleroderma • Primary hodjkin's disease
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura • Primary hypereosinophilic syndrome
• DIC • Parasitic infections e.g hydatid-fasciola-
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome ankylostoma
• Malignant hypertension • Allergic and atopic diseases
• Addison's disease
D.D of normocytic normochromic anemia: Page • Some types of vasculitis e.g polyarteritis
32 nodosa and chrug strauss vasculitis
• Anemia associated with impaired • Eosinophilic leukemia
marrow response • Myeloproliferative disorders
• ABCD
• Aplastic anemia with pancytopenia D.D of basophilia: Page 38
• Bone marrow infiltration • HATIM ‫ﺣﺎﺗﻢ‬
• Chronic diseases e.g chronic liver • Hypothyroidism
diseases • Acute hypersensitivity
• Deficiency of erythropoietin • T.B
• Anemia associated with increased RBC • Inflammatory bowel disease
production • Myeloproliferative disorders
• Post-hemorrhagic anemia
• Hemolytic anemias except thalassemia D.D of lymphocytosis Page 39
• Viarl infection e.g IMN - CMV
D.D of pure red cell aplasia: Page 34 • Bacterial : T.B - Brucella - T.B
• CSI Criminal Scene Investigation • Protozoal : toxoplasmosis
• Congenital • Lymphoma

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 • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia • Antiphospholipid antibody
• ‫ﺩﻯ ﺣﻈﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺶ ﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎﺵ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺔ‬
D.D of atypical lymphocytosis Page 39 • Behcet's syndrome
• IMN
• CMV D.D of fever and rigors
• Lymphoma • FAHM
• Leukemia • Febrile non hemolytic transfusion reactions
• Viral hepatitis Page 76
• Acute hemolysis due to incompatible red
D.D of lymphopenia Page 39 cells Page 76
• Corticosteroids • Ascending cholangitis
• Congenital immunodeficiency • Acute pyelonephritis
• Chemotherapy • Amebic liver abscess
• HIV • Acute pyogenic abscess
• Illness that cause elevated serum • Hemolytic crisis
cortisol levels e.g acute infections and • Malaria
inflammatory states
• CHEST
D.D of monocytosis Page 39
• Bacterial : Typhoid - brucella - T.B D.D of bronchial asthma
• Viral : IMN - CMV • Page 20
• Protozoa : malaria • *From other causes of paroxysmal dyspnea
• Rheumatoid disease o Cardiac asthma
• Sarcoidosis o Tetnay
• Monocytic leukemia o Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
• Hematologic and lymphatic malignancies o Myasthenia gravis
• Inflammatory bowel disease • From other causes of paroxysmal dyspnea
and wheezy chest 3C
D.D of monocytopenia Page 40 o Cardiac asthma
• Aplastic anemia o Chrug strauss vasculitis
• Hairy cell leukemia o Carcinoid syndrome
• Steroids • From other causes of paroxysmal cough
Practical Page 91 MR.NEW
D.D of acute leukemia Page 45 o Mediastinal syndrome
• Fever with sore throat e.g INM o Recurrent pulmonary embolism
• Other causes of anemia o Neurosis
• Other causes of thrombocytopenia o Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
• Causes of leukemoid picture o Whooping cough
• Causes of lymphadenopathy
D.D of wheezy chest + haemoptysis Page 20 ABC
D.D of thrombophilia or hypercoagulable states • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Page 72 • Bronchiectasis
• ‫ )ﻓﻴﻦ ﻓﻄﻮﻣﺔ ؟؟ )ﺩﻟﻊ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ‬PHEN • Cardiac asthma
FATOMA • Churg Strauss vasculitis
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria D.D of pulmonary restrictive hypoventilation: Page
• Pregnancy 21 3P
• Polycythemia rubra vera • Pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung
• Protein C deficiency disease
• Protein S deficiency • Pleural effusion
• Hyperlipidemia • Pneumothorax
• Essential thrombocytosis
• Nephrotic syndrome D.D of obstructive hypoventilation Page 21 ABC
• Factor 5 Leiden • Asthmatic bronchitis
• Antithrombin 3 deficiency • Bronchial asthma
• Trousseau's syndrome i.e malignancy • Bronchiectasis
• Oral contraceptive pills • Cystic fibrosis
• Myelofibrosis • Chronic bronchitis/emphysema

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Extrapulmonary causes of restrictive
hypoventilation Page 22
• Chest wall causes
o Kyphoscoliosis
o Ankylosing spondylitis
o Morbid obesity
• Neurological causes
o Guillain Barre
o Myopathy
o Myasthrnia
o Respiratory center depression
D.D of pleurisy: Page 25
• Other causes of acute chest pain
• Differentation between causes of
pleurisy
DD of chest pain + shockPage 31 MDET ‫ﻣﻀﻴﺖ‬
• Massive pulmonary embolism
• Disecting aortic aneurysm
• Extensive myocardial infarction
• Tension pneumothorax
DD of pneumothorax Page 31
• Causes of acute chest pain
• Causes of acute dysnea
• Differentiation between pathological
causes of pneumothorax
• Differentiation between etiological
causes of pneumothorax
• DD of tension pneumothorax
DD unresolving pnemonia: Page 34
• Immunosuppression
• TB
• Atypical pnumonia
• Resistant organism e.g MRSA
• Underlying disease
D.D of Apical lung lesions: Page 35
• Friedlander pneumonia
• TB
• Pancoast tumor
• Bronchiectasis sicca hemorrhagica
D.D of atypical pneumonia: Page 35
• Chlamydia
• Legionella
• Mycoplasma
• Viral
D.D of Pneumonia Page 38
• Pulmonary infarction
• Pulmonary TB
Bala6y.org
• Pulmonary edema
• Pulmonary eosinophilia
• Inflammatory conditions below diaphragm
as subphrenic abcess
D.D of recurrent pnemonia: Page 38 BCRI ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺮﻱ‬
• Bronchial obstuction e.g adenoma-
carcinoma
• Chronic lung disease e.g COPD-
Bronchiectasis-cystic lung
• Recurrent aspiration e.g alcoholics-
epileptics-severe gastro-esophageal reflux
• Immunodeficiency
Primary causes of lung abscess "GLAD"
• General anesthesia
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Loss of consciousness
• Alcohol abuse
• Achalasia of esophagus
D.D of cavitary lung syndromes or lung abscess:
Page 41 BILE
• Bronchiectasis
• Infected cystic lung
• Lung abcess
• Empyema with bronchopleural fistula
D.D of lung collapse Page 47 APC
• Acute dyspnea
• Postoperative lung complications
• Consolidation
• Causes of other diseases with multiple
negative signs e.g effusion-fibrosis
D.D of bronchogenic carcinoma Page 53 PLTO ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﻃﻰ‬
• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary infarction
• Lung abscess
• TB
• Other causes of pleural effusion and
mediastinal syndrome
D.D of patients with asbestos exposurewith
clubbing Page 55
• Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
• Bronchial carcinoma
• Mesothelioma
D.D of enlarged mediastinal L.N or hilar L.N
60‫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻼﻫﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺔ ﻗﺼﺎﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬BLST
• Bronchogenic carcinoma
• Lymphoma
• Sarcoidosis
• TB
Page 11
D.D of pulmonary T.B MBC FM D.D of granuloma of the lung Page 85
• ‫ﺩﻯ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺑﻰ ﺳﻰ ﺑﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻳﻮ‬ • T.B
• Miliary shadow in X-ray • Fungal
• Bronchopneumonia • Histiocytosis
• Pleural effusion • Hypersensitivity
• Coin shadow • Sarcoidosis
• Fever of unknown etiology • Wegener's granuloma
• Mediastinal L.N enlargement

D.D of honey comb lung Page 84 CHAT NSB • NEPHROLOGY

‫ﺗﺸﺎﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
• Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis D.D of Polyuria "DPCH"
• Histocytosis X 16‫ ﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﺪﻭﻛﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺹ‬1‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺮﻭﻟﻮﺟﻰ ﺹ‬
• Asbestosis ‫"ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻰ ﺍﺳﻜﺖ ﺑﻘﻰ ﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺖ ﻛﻼﻣﻚ ﺯﻯ ﺍﻝ "ﺩﺑﺶ‬
• T.B • Diuretics
• Neurofibromatosis • Diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis
• Sarcoidosis • Diabetes mellitus
• Bronchiectasis • Diabetes insipidus (Nephrogenic
• Psychogenic polydipsia
D.D of lung cysts Page 85 • Chronic renal failure (early
• Bronchogenic carcinoma • Chronic interstitial nephritis
• Bronchiectasis + cystic changes • Cushing
• Staph pneumonia • Conn's
• Septic pulmonary infarction • Hypothalamic & pituitary diabetes insipidus
• T.B • Hyperparathyroidism
• Congenital polycystic lung
• Hydatid disease D.D of painless hematuria: Page2 "M.R GUCH"
• Metastases • Malignant hypertension
• Lung abscess • Renal cystic or vascular disease
• GN
Causes of large bronchus obstruction Page 85 • UTI + T.B + Bilharziasis
• F.B • Cancer bladder or papilloma
• Aortic aneurysm • Hypernephroma
• Bronchial carcinoma
• Bronchial adenoma
• Bronchostenosis
• Secretions D.D ofurinary incontinence: Page 3 "PSIM"‫ﺑﺴﻴﻢ‬
D.D of solitary pulmonary nodules on chest X-ray • Pelvic floor damage during birth in females
Page 85 • Prostatic carcinoma
• Solitary metastases • Prostatic hypertrophy
• Sarcoidosis • Spinal cord trauma or compression
• T.B • Incoordination of bladder function in old
• Adenoma age
• Rheumatoid nodule • Multiple sclerosis
• Histiocytosis
• Bronchial carcinoma D.D of proteinuria : Page 7‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﻓﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻮﻳﺎ ؟‬
• F.B "CONT FEN "
• Congestive heart failure
D.D of acute severe dyspnea Page 85 MAP • Orthostatic proteinuria
• Massive pulmonary embolism • Nephritic
• Acute severe asthma • Tubulointerstitial disease
• Acute left ventricular failure • Febrile albuminuria
• Pneumothorax • Exercise
• Pneumonia • Excessive RBCs or pus cells
• Psychogenic • Neprotic $ {Heavy proteinuria

Bala6y.org Page 12
D.D of sterile pyuria : Page 8 • Mesangioproliferative G.N
• "DRUG NT" • Membranoproliferative G.N
• ‫" ﻻ ﺣﻈﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﺳﻤﻬﺎ‬DRUG"
• ‫ﻭﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ D.D or causes of chronicinterstitial nephritis: Page
• Drug induced interstitial nephritis 57
• Renal stones • "Sicl G.N"
• Urinary tract infection in patient under • ‫ﺑﻔﺮﺽ ﺇﻧﻨﺎ ﻫﻨﻨﻄﻖ‬
antibiotic • Sickle ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻧﻄﻖ‬
• Graft rejection • Sickle cell anemia
• Glomerulonephritis • Irradiation
• Non gonococcal urethritis by • Chronic pyelonephritis
mycoplasma and chlamydia • Lead
• T.B • Gouty nephropathy
• NSAID
D.D of shrunken kidney : Page 12 "3 chronic" D.D of cystic diseases of the kidney Page 70 "SAM"
• {Chronic G.N {symmetrical ‫!! ﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﺟﺔ‬
• Chronic pyelonephritis • Simple cysts
• Chronic renal failure • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
D.D of enlarged kidney Page 12PHAD disease
• Polycystic kidney • Aquired cystic kidney disease
• Hypernephroma • Medullary cystic disease
• Amyloidosis • Medullary sponge disease
• Diabetic nephropathy
• LIVER
Renal causes of acute renal failure Page 34 Medical causes of itching Liver Page 34 "PHORD
"ARM" CL" =FORD ‫" ﺗﺨﻴﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻥ ﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺩﻳﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
• Acute tubular necrosis • Polycythemia
• Acute interstitial nephritis • Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Acute severe pyelonephritis • Hemolytic anemia
• Atheroembolic renal disease • Obstructive jaundice
• Rapidly progressive G.N • Renal failure
• Malignant hypertension • DM
• Cholestasis of pregnancy
D.D of secondary focal & segmental G.N Page 43 • Lymphoma
‫ " ﺷﺒﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﻤﺔ‬SHOBRA" • Leukemia
• Sickle cell anemia
• Solitary kidney
D.D of primary biliary cirrhosis Page 35
• Heroin nephropathy • Sclerosing cholangitis
• Obesity
• Bilharziasis D.D of hepatic encephalopathy Page 40
• Reflux nephropathy • ‫ ﻛﻼﻣﻚ ﺯﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﺑﺶ‬DPSH
• AIDS associated nephropathy • Delirium tremens
• Drunkenness
D.D of amyloidosis kidney Page 44 FN MASRI • Psychiatric disorder
‫ﻓﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻯ‬ • Subdural hematoma
• Familial mediterranean fever • Hypoglycemia
• Non Hodjkin's lymphoma
• Multiple myeloma
D.D of ascites
• Ankylosing spondylitis • Page 144 Practical book
• Suppurative lung $ e.g abscess • "DOPA" or "APDO ‫ﻋﺒﺪﻭ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﻌﺎﻟﺞ‬
• Rheumatoid disease ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻛﻴﻨﺴﻮﻥ‬
• Inflammatory bowel disease • Abdominal gas
• Pregnant uterus
D.D of proliferative G.N: Page 51 • Distended bladder
• Diffuse proliferative G.N • Obesity
• Focal proliferative G.N • Ovarian cyst
• Crescentic G.N • Other huge abdominal swelling

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D.D of cirrhotic ascites: Page 44 Liver MCTOBP D.D ofpostoperative jaundice:Page 64 "DISH"
‫ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ‬ • Drugs : preopertive
• Malignant ascites • Incompatible blood transfusion
• Constrictive pericarditis • Shock
• Tuberculous ascites • Stones that are missed in common bile duct
• Ovarian tumour during cholecystectomy
• Budd Chiari • Halothane hepatitis
• Pancreatic ascites with pancreatitis
D.D of tender hepatomegallyPage 66 CHF which is
Causes of paramalignant syndrome: Page 53 the abbreviation of Chronic Heart Failure
• Hepatoma ‫ﻻﺣﻈﻮﺍ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﺳﻤﻬﺎ‬
• Hypernephroma ‫ ﻛﻬﻒ‬CHF
• Bronchogenic carcinoma ‫ﻭ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬
• Congested liver as in : Chronic
D.D of hepatic nodules or focal heaptic lesions or • Rt. sided HFor in Budd Chiari or Veno
hepatic masses Page 54 "F GHANA" ‫ﻓﻰ ﻏﺎﻧﺎ‬ occlusive disease
‫))ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬ • Hepatitis
• Fibrolamellar carcinoma • Hepatic amebiasis
• Granuloma • Hepatoma
• Hepatoma • Fatty liver
• Hemangioma
• Adenoma Infectious diseases associated with hepatic
• Nodular hyperplasia granuloma Page 68 ABC LIST
• Abscess either pyogenic or amebic • Actinomycosis
• Amebiasis
‫ﺩﻯ ﺑﻘﻰ ﺷﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺶ ﻻﻗﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﺔ ﺣﻠﻮﺓ‬ • Bilharziasis
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎﺵ‬ • Brucellosis
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﺶ ﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ • Cytomegalo virus
‫!!ﻭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺤﺲ ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎﺵ ﻻﺯﻣﺔ‬ • Leprosy
• Infectious mononucleosis
D.D of painful jaundice: Page 60 CHF ‫ﻛﻬﻒ‬ • Syphilis
• Calcular jaundice • TB
• Cancer head of pancreas
• Congested liver
• Hepatitis
• Hepatoma ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻱ ﺍﺗﻜﺘﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻼﻃﻲ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ‬
• Fibrolamellar carcinoma kareem20060
‫ﻭ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ‬
D.D of painless jaundice: Page 60 ‫ﺩﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬
• All familial jaundice L.M.E
• Any type of jaundice ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺯﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻃﻴﺎﻑ‬
D.D of recurrent jaundice GWCH ‫ﺟﺎﻭﺵ‬ sanadinho_22
• Gilbert ‫ﺣﺐ ﺭﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻗﻠﺒﻬﺎ‬
• Wilson Fozdo2a
• Cholestasis of pregnancy d2do2a
• Calcular gall stones julia
• Carcinoma : preampullary Rehab 123
• Hemolytic

D.D of jaundice + leucocytosis Page 62 "ALF"

‫ﺃﻟﻒ‬
• Amebic liver abscess ‫ﻛﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ‬
• Ascending cholangitis ‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‬
• Leptospirosis ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺴﺖ‬87 ‫ ﻭ‬85
• Fulminant liver failure ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺮﺍﻝ‬67 ‫ ﻭ‬66 ‫ ﻭ‬65

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